外源ABA对两粒色小麦品种穗发芽及品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.23.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resulted from higher rainfall during the harvest period is one of the crucial reasons degrade food uses quality of wheat flour in Southwest wheat production region of China. This study was carried out to investigate the inhibition effect of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) to pre-harvest sprouting, and the changes in grain quality with respecting to PHS sensitivity was also measured. 【Method】Two cultivators with pre-harvest sprouting resistance (sensitive: white-seeded wheat Zhongkemai 138; insensitive: red-seeded wheat Mianmai 367) were used as experimental materials. The anti-photodegraded ABA (0, 50, and 100 mg·L ^-1) were sprayed at 15 (initial filling stage), 30 (late filling stage) and 35 days (physiological maturity stage) after anthesis (DAA) to investigate the changes in germination traits, α-amylase activity and grain quality. 【Result】 (1) The application of 50-100 mg·L ^-1 ABA at 30 DAA could inhibit PHS, with the optimum spraying time achieved at 30 DAA. In normal years (2018), the wheat spraying with 50 mg·L ^-1ABA was better than other treatments as compared to the control, the germination rate of Zhongkemai 138 was reduced by 13.8 and 3.8 percentage points at physiological maturity and dough stage, respectively, and the PHS sensitivity cultivator (Mianmai 367)was decreased by 23.5 and 9.7 percentage points, respectively, as compared with control. In 2019 (rainy season), spraying with 100 mg·L ^-1 ABA performed better than other treatments with the germination rate of Zhongkemai 138 was reduced by 22.5 and 19.6 percentage points during the physiological maturity and dough stage, respectively, as compared with control, and PHS sensitivity cultivator (Mianmai 367) was reduced by 10.0 and 12.0 percentage points than that of control, respectively. Meanwhile, the inhibitory effects of ABA were all released at 60 days after harvest, and did not affect subsequent seed germination. (2) Exogenous application of ABA could reduce α-amylase activity and inhibited α-amylase activity, which further delayed the hydrolysis of starch in 35-45 DAA. Compared with the control, the α-amylase activity and soluble sugar content were decreased by 30.1%, and 41.9%, respectively, and the starch content was 10.2 percentage points higher when the 100 mg·L ^-1 ABA was spraying at 30 DAA. (3) The application of 100 mg·L ^-1 ABA improved the precipitation value by 4.3%-8.8%, and exogenous application of ABA showed a greater impact on the starch content with the amylopectin content and total starch content increased by 8.1 and 7.6 percentage points, and the amylose/amylopectin ratio decreased by 18.2%. Further, the pasting properties of flour were also improved with the falling value, peak viscosity and disintegration value was 20.9%-24.2%, 26.5%-51.4% and 12.4%-43.4% higher than that of CK, respectively. 【Conclusion】The application of 50-100 mg·L ^-1 ABA at 30 DAA could effectively reduce pre-harvest sprouting by inhibiting α-amylase induced starch hydrolysis without decline the protein quality, and thereby improved the pasting properties of wheat flour by enhancing amylopectin and total starch contents, reducing the ratio of amylase and amylopectin. Therefore, the application of 50-100mg·L ^-1 ABA at 30 DAA was highly recommended for farmers to enhance the pre-harvest sprouting resistance and reducing the losses in food uses quality in Southwest wheat production region of China.

Key words: abscisic acid, wheat, pre-harvest sprouting, grain quality

ZHANG Xue,YANG HongKun,ZHENG Ting,XIAO Yun,MO Piao,FAN GaoQiong. Effects of Exogenous ABA on Pre-Harvest Sprouting Resistance and Quality of White and Red Wheat Cultivars[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(23): 4750-4763.

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处理 Treatment		田间自然穗发芽率 Spike germination rate in field	生理成熟期 Physiological maturity (35DAA)		蜡熟期 Dough stage (45DAA)
处理 Treatment		田间自然穗发芽率 Spike germination rate in field	穗发芽率 Spike germination rate	粒发芽率 Grain germination rate	穗发芽率 Spike germination rate	粒发芽率 Grain germination rate
2018	品种Cultivar (A)	15860.1**	29.5*	524.3**	650.8**	1.2ns
	喷施时期Spraying period (B)	69.4**	222.6**	219.6**	543.9**	0.7ns
	ABA浓度ABA concentration (C)	371.5**	145.8**	234.0**	59.0**	15.9**
	品种×喷施时期 A×B	4.5ns	63.6**	22.8**	0.0ns	2.4ns
	品种×ABA浓度 A×C	36.0**	5.0*	36.4**	4.4*	1.9ns
	喷施时期×ABA浓度 B×C	1.7ns	0.4ns	3.6ns	8.6**	3.1ns
	品种×喷施时期×ABA浓度A×B×C	3.8*	0.4ns	9.8**	5.2*	5.0*
2019	品种Cultivar (A)	1774.4**	921.0**	33.1*	200.5**	1.0ns
	喷施时期Spraying period (B)	8.2*	99.7**	6.6*	21.9**	16.8**
	ABA浓度ABA concentration (C)	306.4**	483.0**	96.4**	154.1**	40.8**
	品种×喷施时期 A×B	4.7*	6.2*	2.3ns	3.3ns	0.2ns
	品种×ABA浓度 A×C	14.8**	11.9**	14.8**	6.2**	5.9**
	喷施时期×ABA浓度 B×C	9.3**	3.4*	2.7ns	4.8**	2.5ns
	品种×喷施时期×ABA浓度A×B×C	9.0**	2.5ns	1.5ns	1.0ns	3.4*

年份 Year	处理 Treatment		田间自然穗发芽率 Spike germination rate in field (%)		生理成熟期Physiological maturity (35DAA)				蜡熟期Dough stage (45DAA)
			田间自然穗发芽率 Spike germination rate in field (%)		穗发芽率 Spike germination rate (%)		粒发芽率 Grain germination rate (%)		穗发芽率 Spike germination rate (%)		粒发芽率 Grain germination rate (%)
			ZKM138	MM367	ZKM138	MM367	ZKM138	MM367	ZKM138	MM367	ZKM138	MM367
2018	喷施时期 Spraying period	B₁	45.4a	2.9b	11.3b	10.6b	32.9b	12.7b	72.4b	62.0b	91.7a	91.0a
	喷施时期 Spraying period	B₂	47.3a	3.9a	17.5a	12.4a	51.2a	19.3a	82.9a	72.5a	96.2a	91.3a
	ABA浓度 ABA concentration	CK	51.9a	7.2a	22.7a	16.7a	49.8a	30.0a	85.1a	81.2a	95.3a	95.2a
		C₁	42.8b	0.9c	8.8c	7.2c	36.0c	6.5c	70.0c	53.2c	91.5b	85.5b
		C₂	44.4b	2.1b	11.7b	10.7b	40.3b	11.5b	77.9b	67.3b	95.0a	92.8a
		平均Mean	46.4a	3.4b	14.4a	11.5b	42.1a	16.0b	77.6a	67.3b	93.9a	91.2a
2019	喷施时期 Spraying period	B₃	65.7a	17.1b	29.6a	19.7b	38.6ab	29.9a	76.0a	66.6a	83.6a	82.9a
		B₁	65.6a	16.8b	23.2b	17.3c	34.4b	28.7a	67.1b	62.1b	73.0b	73.2b
		B₄	66.5a	24.2a	30.4a	22.0a	43.8a	30.9a	79.7a	67.8a	87.7a	85.7a
	ABA浓度 ABA concentration	CK	81.3a	32.4a	38.6a	28.6a	49.1a	35.0a	87.2a	75.0a	92.2a	85.9a
		C₁	67.6b	14.8b	27.9b	17.5b	41.1b	29.4b	72.3b	65.7b	79.4b	82.0a
		C₂	48.9c	11.0c	16.7c	12.8c	26.6c	25.0c	63.3c	55.8c	72.6c	73.9b
		平均Mean	65.9a	19.4b	27.7a	19.7b	38.9a	29.8b	74.3a	65.5b	81.4a	80.6a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	粗蛋白含量 Protein content	沉淀值 Sedimentation value	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten	降落值 Falling number	峰值粘度 Peak viscosity	崩解值 Breakdown value
2018	品种Cultivar (A)	0.0ns	243.6**	521.1**	6348.7**	6900.5**	1313.9**
	喷施时期Spraying period (B)	7.8*	3.8ns	3.4ns	116.0**	8.5*	1.3ns
	ABA浓度ABA concentration (C)	0.3ns	8.7**	0.1ns	174.9**	81.1**	15.9**
	品种×喷施时期 A×B	2.2ns	1.2ns	3.4ns	98.0**	12.3*	4.1ns
	品种×ABA浓度 A×C	0.1ns	10.7**	14.1**	5.5*	8.0**	14.4**
	喷施时期×ABA浓度 B×C	5.0*	20.8**	2.1ns	11.6**	0.3ns	1.0ns
	品种×喷施时期×ABA浓度A×B×C	1.0ns	17.4**	9.0**	0.9ns	1.8ns	0.5ns
2019	品种Cultivar (A)	7.1ns	108.5**	2.1ns	21952.0**	1116.8**	1249.7**
	喷施时期Spraying period (B)	7.6*	9.2**	5.9*	44.1**	96.8**	125.3**
	ABA浓度ABA concentration (C)	1.7ns	26.1**	62.2**	68.3**	91.6**	80.3**
	品种×喷施时期 A×B	1.2ns	8.1*	29.3**	18.0**	10.5**	16.3**
	品种×ABA浓度 A×C	3.4*	20.8**	1.0ns	38.8**	6.7**	4.4*
	喷施时期×ABA浓度 B×C	7.2**	13.9**	12.1**	4.7**	6.2**	5.7**
	品种×喷施时期×ABA浓度A×B×C	3.8*	17.1**	0.5ns	6.1**	5.4**	5.5**

年份 Year	处理 Treatment		粗蛋白含量 Protein content (%)	沉淀值 Sedimentation value (mL)	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten (%)	降落值 Falling number (s)	峰值粘度 Peak viscosity (RVU)	崩解值 Breakdown value (RVU)
2018	品种 Cultivar	ZKM138	8.0a	13.5a	10.6a	281a	137.2a	95.8a
	品种 Cultivar	MM367	8.0a	10.2b	5.8b	168b	83.9b	69.5b
	喷施时期 Spraying period	B₁	8.1a	12.1a	8.3a	232a	114.1a	83.7a
	喷施时期 Spraying period	B₂	7.8b	11.6a	8.1a	219b	107.0b	81.6a
	ABA浓度 ABA concentration	CK	8.0a	11.7b	8.2a	198c	96.6c	77.6c
		C₁	8.0a	11.7b	8.2a	233b	112.9b	83.3b
		C₂	8.0a	12.2a	8.2a	246a	122.2a	87.2a
		平均Mean	8.0	11.9	8.2	225	110.6	82.7
2019	品种 Cultivar	ZKM138	9.2a	13.0b	13.3a	65b	11.1b	13.7b
	品种 Cultivar	MM367	9.1a	17.2a	13.2a	123a	32.4a	34.0a
	喷施时期 Spraying period	B₃	9.1b	15.1ab	12.8b	105a	25.0a	26.9a
		B₁	9.0b	15.8a	13.5a	90b	21.1b	23.3b
		B₄	9.4a	14.5b	13.4 a	87b	19.1c	21.4c
	ABA浓度 ABA concentration	CK	9.2a	14.8b	12.1c	86c	17.3c	19.6c
		C₁	9.1a	14.4b	13.3b	91b	21.8b	23.9b
		C₂	9.2a	16.1a	14.4a	104a	26.2a	28.1a
		平均Mean	9.2	15.1	13.3	94	21.8	23.9

处理 Treatment		直链淀粉含量 Amylase content (%)	支链淀粉含量Amylopectin content (%)	直/支比 Amylase/Amylopectin ratio	总淀粉含量 Starch content (%)
品种 Cultivars	ZKM138	13.2b	54.6a	0.24b	67.8a
品种 Cultivars	MM367	15.2a	42.5b	0.36a	57.5b
喷施时期 Spraying period	B₃	14.2a	48.9a	0.30b	63.0a
	B₁	14.1a	50.7a	0.29c	64.6a
	B₄	14.2a	46.1b	0.32a	60.4b
ABA浓度 ABA concentration	CK	14.4a	44.4c	0.33a	58.8c
	C₁	14.2b	48.8b	0.30b	62.7b
	C₂	13.9c	52.5a	0.27c	66.4a
F值 F-value	品种Cultivar (A)	1080.0**	191.3**	157.8**	129.8**
	喷施时期Spraying period (B)	1.8ns	15.6**	27.1**	13.7**
	ABA浓度ABA concentration (C)	27.4**	65.0**	79.5**	51.3**
	品种×喷施时期 A×B	9.0**	1.9ns	0.4ns	2.5ns
	品种×ABA浓度 A×C	4.3*	4.6*	1.7ns	5.1*
	喷施时期×ABA浓度 B×C	1.9ns	2.4ns	5.4**	2.0ns
	品种×喷施时期×ABA浓度A×B×C	1.6ns	3.2*	2.7ns	2.6ns

Effects of Exogenous ABA on Pre-Harvest Sprouting Resistance and Quality of White and Red Wheat Cultivars

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