Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 65-72.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.01.007

• PLANT PROTECTION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Slow-Release Synergistic Effect of Humic Acid on Low Concentration Chlorothalonil

WEI ShiPing1,2(),WU Meng1(),LI GuiLong1,JIANG ChunYu1,LIU Ming1,2,CHEN RuiRui1,2,LI ZhongPei1,2()   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008
    2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
  • Received:2018-07-10 Accepted:2018-08-17 Online:2019-01-01 Published:2019-01-12
  • Contact: ZhongPei LI E-mail:spwei@issas.ac.cn;mwu@issas.ac.cn;zhpli@issas.ac.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to clarify the slow-release synergistic effect of humic acid on low concentration (5 mg·L -1) of chlorothalonil, provide a new scientific idea for reducing pesticide use and prolonging pesticide efficacy, and to provide a theoretical basis for selecting new fungicide synergists. 【Method】Fusarium oxysporum was cultured in vitro solid and liquid medium including low concentrations of chlorothalonil with or without 50 mg·L -1 humic acid addition. The inhibition rate (IR) and spore number were determined through mycelium growth test and blood counting chamber. The heat released during the growth and metabolism process of F. oxysporum was measured by isothermal microcalorimetry technology. 【Result】The IR of humic acid-chlorothalonil combined treatment significantly increased by 10.29% (P<0.05) when IR of control was set to 0. The relative synergism was 25.33%. During liquid shake culture, there was no significant difference in spore number between the chlorothalonil treatment and humic acid-chlorothalonil combined treatment on the 3rd cultured day. On the 7th cultured day, the spore number of chlorothalonil treatment was significantly lower than that of other treatments (P<0.01). On the 14th cultured day, the spore number of humic acid-chlorothalonil combined treatment was significantly lower than other treatments (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in spore number between chlorothalonil treatment and control. It showed that humic acid extended the inhibitory effect of low concentration chlorothalonil on the increase of spore number. The heat flow-time curve of each treatment showed that no heat release peak was detected in the humic acid-chlorothalonil combined treatment within 72 hours of monitoring, while that in the chlorothalonil treatment was found in later monitoring, and the heat flow-time curve of humic acid treatment was close to the control. Pmax (peak power) of the chlorothalonil treatment was significantly lower than that of the control and humic acid treatment (P<0.05), while the Tmax (peak power time) was significantly higher than that of the control and humic acid treatment (P<0.05). Pmax, Q (total heat evolution), and k (microbial growth rate constant) of the humic acid-chlorothalonil combined treatment were all significantly lower than other treatments (P<0.05), which indicated that the pathogen metabolic activity of the combinated treatment was significantly lower than that in other treatments. That is, the growth and metabolism of F. oxysporum were most inhibited. There was no significant difference in Pmax, Tmax, Q, and k between the humic acid treatment and control, that is, the inhibition effect of humic acid treatment on pathogen was not monitored, and which could verify that the inhibition effect of combined treatment was irrelevant to humic acid itself.【Conclusion】The addition of humic acid can significantly enhance the ability of low concentration chlorothalonil to inhibit the growth of mycelia, increase of spore number and heat emission during growth and metabolism process of F. oxysporum. Using humic acid as a fungicide synergist of chlorothalonil is an effective measure to reduce the amount of chlorothalonil and extend the efficacy.

Key words: humic acid, chlorothalonil, isothermal microcalorimetry, slow-release synergistic effect

Table 1

Inhibition rate (IR) to F. oxysporum of different treatments"

处理 Treatment 抑菌率IR (%)
对照 Control 0d
百菌清Chlorothalonil 40.62b
腐殖酸Humic acid 6.60c
腐殖酸+百菌清Humic acid+chlorothalonil 50.91a

Fig. 1

F. oxysporum spore number of treatments in different liquid shake cultured times Different letters of the same cultured time in figure are the results of multiple comparisons analysis with Duncan.*: Significant difference (P<0.05); **: Extremely significant difference (P<0.01)"

Fig. 2

Heat flow-time curve of F. oxysporum of different treatments"

Fig. 3

Incubated suspension of F. oxysporum of different treatments monitored by constant temperature"

Fig. 4

Distribution of related parameters of F. oxysporum heat flow-time curve under different treatments Different letters on the bar indicate significantly different at P<0.05 level by Tukey B multiple comparisons"

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