Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 1890-1898.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.10.008

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• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Analysis of Sowing and Harvesting Allocation of Maize Based on Cultivar Maturity and Grain Dehydration Characteristics

WanXu ZHANG1,2(), Bo MING2(), KeRu WANG2, ChaoWei LIU1, Peng HOU2, JiangLu CHEN3, GuoQiang ZHANG1,2, JingJing YANG3, ShuLing CHE4, RuiZhi XIE2(), ShaoKun LI1,2()   

  1. 1Agricultural College, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang
    2Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081
    3 Institute of Agricultural Science, the Sixth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Wujiaqu 831301, Xinjiang
    4 Qitai Farm Meteorological Station, the Sixth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Qitai 831809, Xinjiang
  • Received:2018-01-18 Accepted:2018-04-10 Online:2018-05-16 Published:2018-05-16

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Abstract:

【Objective】 Yield and production efficiency are two equally important things under the condition of large-scale production. The sowing time and the harvesting time can be prolonged by various combinations of sowing date and different maturity cultivars, thus improving the utilization efficiency of combine machine and the maize production efficiency.【Method】 In this study, three maize cultivars, including KWS9384, Xinyu77 and M751, with different growth stages were selected to monitor the dynamic process of grain moisture content from 2015 to 2017. The predictive relationship model between the grain moisture content and the accumulated temperature (> 0°C) after pollination was established to analyze the key growth nodes of different combinations based on the local meteorological data.【Result】 The results showed that there were significant differences of grain yield and suitable sowing date between cultivars. The early maturity cultivar KWS9384 had a longer time of sowing and harvesting but a lower yield compared with the late maturity cultivars. The late maturity cultivars Xinyu77 and M751 both had higher yields but they needed more time to finish physiological maturity and to dry down grain to meet grain mechanical harvest. The combination plans of late maturity cultivar/early sowing or early maturity cultivar/late sowing could be used to coordinate the relationship between yield and grain moisture content, thus extending the sowing time and the grain harvesting time.【Conclusion】 This paper studied on the suitable sowing time and harvesting time of different maturity cultivars and gave the combination principle of cultivar and sowing date under the background of high yield and high efficiency production. The principle could maximize the utilization efficiency and benefit of combine machine under the specific ecology and production condition. This study provided the new information regarding the relevant researches and application of the maize grain mechanical harvesting technology.

Key words: maize, mechanical grain harvest, grain moisture content, suitable harvest period, large-scale production

Table 1

Statistics on temperature and rainfall during maize growing season in experimental area"

年份
Year		 月平均温度Mean temperature (°C) 平均温度
Average temperature (°C)		 全年积温
Accumulated temperature (>0°C)		 降雨量
Rainfall
(mm)
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
2015 10.7 17.3 19.2 23.8 20.9 12.2 6.3 -2.4 13.5 3481.7 365
2016 12.1 14.2 21.8 22.4 20.9 18.7 3.4 -5.4 13.5 3618.1 366
2017 12.3 17.2 21 24.3 20.5 14.9 5.2 -2.2 14.2 3610 229.4
2004-2014 11.2ns 16.9ns 21.6ns 22.9ns 21.5ns 15.7ns 7.7ns -2.5ns 14.4ns 3713.8ns 238.9ns

Table 2

The growth stage, yield and grain moisture content at maize physiological maturity of the tested cultivars"

年份
Year		 品种
cultivar		 生育进程Growth process 产量及含水率Yield and moisture content
播种日期
Sowing
date
(M-D)		 出苗日期
Date of emergence
(M-D)		 吐丝期
Silking
period
(M-D)		 生理成熟期
Physiological maturity
(M-D)		 播种-吐丝期
Sowing - Pollination period (d)		 播种-生理
成熟期
Sowing - Physiological maturity (d)		 产量
Yield
(kg·hm-2)		 生理成熟期
籽粒含水率
Moisture content of physiological maturity (%)		 收获期籽粒
含水率
Grain moisture content of harvest period (%)
2015 KWS9384 4-15 4-29 7-1 9-18 77 156 14187.0 29.2 18.6
新玉77 Xinyu 77 4-15 4-28 7-9 9-25 85 163 19047.0 31.5 22.0
M751 4-15 4-29 7-18 10-6 94 174 17703.0 29.2 28.6
2016 KWS9384 4-14 4-24 7-1 9-14 78 153 18999.0 29.7 16.5
新玉77 Xinyu 77 4-14 4-24 7-10 9-21 87 160 18266.6 32.2 22.1
M751 4-14 4-24 7-16 9-26 93 165 20933.3 30.6 24.9
2017 KWS9384 4-22 5-2 7-3 9-17 72 148 19062.6 29.5 17.1
新玉77 Xinyu 77 4-22 5-2 7-11 9-29 80 160 21775.7 33.3 21.8
M751 4-22 5-2 7-17 — 86 — 20706.2 — 17.6

Table 3

Variance analysis of maize grain moisture content at physiological maturity"

源 Source 平方和 Sum of squares 自由度 df 均方 Mean square F值 F-value
品种Cultivar 45.69 2 22.85 24.36**
年份Year 6.32 2 3.16 3.37ns
品种×年份 Cultivars×Year 3.28 4 0.82 0.87ns
误差Error 20.63 22 0.94

Table 4

Variance analysis of the demand for accumulated temperature during the growth period of different maize cultivars in different years"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 播种-吐丝所需积温
Accumulated temperature from sowing to silking (°C)		 吐丝-生理成熟所需积温
Accumulated temperature from silking to physiological maturity (°C)		 播种-生理成熟所需积温
Accumulated temperature from sowing to physiological maturity (°C)
2015 KWS9384 1357.9 1623.3 2981.2
新玉77 Xinyu 77 1523.1 1538.6 3061.7
M751 1648.8 1500.4 3149.2
2016 KWS9384 1326.3 1607.8 2934.1
新玉77 Xinyu 77 1515.4 1552.6 3068
M751 1653.5 1494.3 3147.8
2017 KWS9384 1329.9 1632.5 2962.4
新玉77 Xinyu 77 1533.3 1561.6 3094.9
M751 1647.6 — —
年份Year ns ns ns
品种Cultivar ** * *

Fig. 1

Relationship between grain moisture content and accumulated temperature after silk period of different maize maturity types of cultivars"

Table 5

Relationship between grain moisture content and accumulated temperature of different maize cultivars"

品种
Cultivar		 播种-授粉所需积温
Accumulated temperature from sowing to pollination (°C)		 授粉-含水率降至25%所需积温
Accumulated temperature from pollination to 25% moisture content (°C)		 授粉-含水率降至20%所需积温
Accumulated temperature from pollination to 20% moisture content (°C)		 播种-生理成熟
所需积温
Accumulated temperature from sowing to physiological maturity (°C)		 播种-含水率25%
所需积温
Accumulated temperature from sowing to 25% moisture content (°C)		 播种-含水率20%
所需积温
Accumulated temperature from sowing-20% moisture content (°C)
KWS9384 1509.9 1705.5 1958.2 2867.5 3043.5 3296.2
新玉77 Xinyu 77 1498.4 1768.1 2028.8 3010.1 3292.0 3552.7
M751 1503.6 1708.4 1973.1 3154.4 3358.4 3623.1

Fig. 2

Suitable sowing and grain harvest date for different maize maturity types of cultivars"

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