减氮适墒对冬小麦土壤硝态氮分布和氮素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.20.005

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of reduced nitrogen(N) application under different soil moisture on the nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) distribution in soil, N absorption, use efficiency in plant and grain yield of winter wheat. This study will provide a scientific basis for rational N application in Huang-Huai plain.【Method】To determine NO₃-N content in different soil layers of 0-100 cm soil depth, N accumulation, N translocation amount and grain yield of winter wheat, we established a split-plot experiment for two consecutive years (2014-2015 and 2015-2016) in field, i.e. three levels of soil moisture, water deficits to no irrigation (W1), water-savingirrigation to 70%±5% of soil relative moisture after jointing stage (W2) and adequate irrigation to 80%±5% of soil relative moisture after jointing stage (W3); three levels of nitrogen: 0 (N1), 195 kg·hm^-2 (N2) and 270 kg·hm^-2 (N3).【Result】The content of NO₃-N in 0-60 cm soil layer decreased with the layer's deepening, and soil water content and N application input amount increased; whereas the NO₃-N content in 60-100 cm soil layers increased, especially under W3 treatment. Besides, soil NO₃-N content of 80-100 cm soil layer at N2 and N3 under high supplemental irrigation condition (W3) increased by 3.8 mg·kg^-1and 4.2 mg·kg^-1, respectively, compared with that under no irrigation (W1). N2 treatment had higher NO₃-N content of 0-20 cm soil layer at anthesis, increased by 2.2 mg·kg^-1than that at maturity; whereas there was more NO₃-N residue under high N application (N3) at post-harvest. The results also showed that N translocation amount in vegetative organs ordered by leaf > stem> sheath. In addition, W2 with N2 treatment had the largest N accumulation amount in plant at anthesis, pre-antheis N translocation amount (N accumulation in vegetative organs at anthesis minus the N accumulation in vegetative organs at maturity, NTA) and the contribution of N remobilized to grain (NTA/ N accumulation in vegetative organs at maturity stage, NRC) from vegetative organs after anthesis. Similarly, the grain yield and N accumulation amount in grain under W2 with N2 treatment were 15.4% and 27.3% higher than that at other treatments, respectively. Those increases would improve N uptake efficiency and N fertilizer productive efficiency under W2 with N2 treatment (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】Considering the yield, N uptake efficiency, N fertilizer productive efficiency and soil nitrogen balance, reducing N application from 270 to 195 kg·hm^-2 under suitable soil moisture (water-saving) is optimal in Huang-Huai Rivers Valley wheat region.

Key words: winter wheat, nitrogen-reducing and suitable soil moisture, nitrogen absorption and utilization, nitrate nitrogen content, yield

ZHANG Man, ZHOU SuMei, YANG XiWen, ZHOU Yan, YANG Rui, ZHANG KeKe, HE DeXian, YIN Jun. Effects of Nitrogen-Reducing and Suitable Soil Moisture on Nitrate Nitrogen Distribution in Soil, Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Winter Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(20): 3885-3897.

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Effects of Nitrogen-Reducing and Suitable Soil Moisture on Nitrate Nitrogen Distribution in Soil, Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Winter Wheat

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