Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2017, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (11): 1995-2005.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.11.005

;

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Optimal Nitrogen Application Rate and Nitrogen Requirement Characteristics in Spring Maize Under High Planting Density Condition

CAI HongGuang, YUAN JingChao, LIU JianZhao, YAN XiaoGong, ZHANG HongXi, LIANG Yao, REN Jun   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture/State Engineering Laboratory of Maize, Changchun 130033
  • Received:2016-08-01 Online:2017-06-01 Published:2017-06-01

RichHTML

4

PDF

982

Abstract: 【Objective】This research aims to evaluate requirement characteristics of spring maize and the response to nitrogen application rate at the middle region of Northeast, so as to make reasonable nitrogen management of spring maize with high planting density (75 000 plant/hm2). 【Method】The field experiment was conducted in 2011-2012 at the station of Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Gongzhuling of Jilin province. The hybrid “Xianyu335” was used as research materials. Five nitrogen application rates (No nitrogen N1, 70% optimized nitrogen N2, optimized nitrogen N3, 130% optimized nitrogen N4, high nitrogen N5) were set under the field conditions with the high grain yield management. The characteristics of accumulation and distribution of biomass and nitrogen in different organs of plants were monitored during the growth period. And the influence of grain yield and nitrogen translocation efficiency was studied in different nitrogen application rates. 【Result】There was a significant difference in grain yield, biomass, and nitrogen accumulation among the nitrogen application rates. The interaction between nitrogen application rates and years was also significant. The grain yield showed an odd peak curve with the nitrogen application rates and the highest grain yield was obtained in N3 treatment. The kernel numbers and 1000-kernel weight were the main contribution. The nitrogen accumulation in grain and nitrogen translocation efficiency were improved under reasonable nitrogen application condition, which was the important basis for the high grain yield. The percentage of grain within biomass was the highest in N3 treatment, and the percentage of nitrogen accumulation after silking stage was higher than that of other treatments. These results indicated that reasonable nitrogen management probably helped to the nitrogen uptake after silking stage. The quadratic equation between grain yield and nitrogen application rate was developed on the basis of two years field experiments, and the equation is y=-0.1715x2+ 79.73x+3940.1, R2=0.963. The optimum economy fertilizing quantity was 225.1 kg·hm-2. 【Conclusion】The translocation of biomass to grain was improved under reasonable nitrogen application condition, which also help to improve nitrogen uptake and translocation efficiency. Based on the moderate fertility black soil and the 75 000 plant/hm2 planting density for spring maize in the middle region of Northeast, the nitrogen application rate can be adjusted to around 225 kg·hm-2 according to the soil fertility and hybrids.

Key words: spring maize, grain yield, high planting density, nitrogen application rate

[1]    张福锁, 王激清, 张卫峰, 崔振岭, 马文奇, 陈新平, 江荣风. 中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径. 土壤学报, 2008, 45(5): 915-924.
Zhang F S, Wang J Q, Zhang W F, Cui Z L, Ma W Q, Chen X P, Jiang R F. Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in China and measures for improvement. Acta Pedologica Snica, 2008, 45(5): 915-924. (in Chinese)
[2]    赵姗姗, 赵全力, 贾良良, 刘文菊. 白洋淀沿湖农田不同施氮水平对夏玉米土壤及土壤溶液硝态氮含量的影响. 土壤通报, 2012, 43(6): 1491-1496.
Zhao S S, Zhao Q L, Jia L L, Liu W J. Effect of different nitrogen rates on NO3--N concentration in soil and soil solution in summer maize surrounding farmland along Baiyangdian Lake. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2012, 43(6): 1491-1496. (in Chinese)
[3]    马国胜, 薛吉全, 路海东, 张仁和, 邰书静, 任建宏. 密度与氮肥对关中灌区夏玉米群体光合生理指标的影响. 生态学报, 2008, 28(2): 661-668.
Ma G S, Xue J Q, Lu H D, Zhang R H, Tai S J, Ren J H. Effects of planting density and nitrogen fertilization on population physiological indexes of summer maize (Zea mays L.) in Guanzhong irrigated zone. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28(2): 661-668. (in Chinese)
[4]    叶东靖, 高强, 何文天, 何萍. 施氮对春玉米氮素利用及农田氮素平衡的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(3): 552-558.
Ye D J, Gao Q, He W T, He P. Effect of N application on N utilization and N balance in spring maize. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2010, 16(3): 552-558. (in Chinese)
[5]    任军, 边秀芝, 刘慧涛, 袁振林. 吉林省不同生态区玉米高产田适宜施肥量初探. 玉米科学, 2004, 12(3): 103-105.
Ren J, Bian X Z, Liu H T, Yuan Z L. Preliminary study on suitable fertilizer application of high yield for maize at different ecological region in Jilin province. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2004, 12(3): 103-105. (in Chinese)
[6]    李少昆, 王崇桃. 中国玉米生产技术的演变与发展. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42(6): 1941-1951.
Li S K, Wang C T. Evolution and development of maize production techniques in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(6): 1941-1951.
(in Chinese)
[7]    张世煌, 李少昆. 国内外玉米产业技术发展报告. 北京：中国农业科学技术出版社, 2010.
Zhang S H, Li S K. Domestic and foreign corn industrial technology development report. Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2010. (in Chinese)
[8]    王楷, 王克如, 王永宏, 赵健, 赵如浪, 王喜梅, 李健, 梁明晰, 李少昆. 密度对玉米产量（>15 000 kg·hm-2）及其产量构成因子的影响. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(16): 3437-3445.
Wang K, Wang K R, Wang Y H, Zhao J, Zhao R L, Wang X M, Li J, Liang M X, Li S K. Effects of density on maize yield and yield components. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(16): 3437-3445. (in Chinese)
[9]    李从锋, 赵明, 刘鹏, 张吉旺, 杨今胜, 柳京国, 王空军, 董树亭. 中国不同年代玉米单交种及其亲本主要性状演变对密度的响应. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(12): 2421-2429.
Li C F, Zhao M, Liu P, Zhang J W, Yang J S, Liu J G, Wang K J, Dong S T. Response of main traits of maize hybrids and their parents to density in different eras of China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(12): 2421-2429. (in Chinese)
[10]   曹胜彪, 张吉旺, 董树亭, 刘鹏, 赵斌, 杨金胜. 施氮量和种植密度对高产夏玉米产量和氮素利用效率的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(6): 1343-1353.
Cao S B, Zhang J W, Dong S T, Liu P, Zhao B, Yang J S. Effects of nitrogen rate and planting density on grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of high yield summer maize. Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Science, 2012, 18(6): 1343-1353. (in Chinese)
[11]   张峰, 高聚林, 王志刚, 于晓芳, 胡树平, 苏治军, 孙继颖, 谢岷. 不同施氮量下高产春玉米氮素吸收、积累及利用效率的研究. 内蒙古农业科技, 2013(4): 47-49.
Zhang F, Gao J L, Wang Z G, Yu X F, Hu S P, Su Z J, Sun J Y, Xie M. The research to nitrogen absorption and accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency of high yield spring corn under different nitrogen rate. Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology, 2013(4): 47-49. (in Chinese)
[12]   王立春. 吉林玉米高产理论与实践. 北京：科学出版社, 2014.
Wang L C. Theory and practice of maize with high-yielding potential in Jilin. Beijing: Science and Technology Press, 2014. (in Chinese)
[13]   鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000: 257-270.
Bao S D. Soil Agricultural Chemical Analysis. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2000: 257-270. (in Chinese)
[14]   吕鹏, 张吉旺, 刘伟, 杨今胜, 刘鹏, 董树亭, 李登海. 施氮时期对超高产夏玉米产量及氮素吸收利用的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(5): 1099-1107.
LÜ P, Zhang J W, Liu W, Yang J S, Liu P, Dong S T, Li D H. Effects of nitrogen application dates on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize in super-high yield conditions. Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Science, 2011, 17(5): 1099-1107. (in Chinese)
[15]   Chen K, Kumudini S V, Tollenaar M, Vyn T J. Plant biomass and nitrogen partitioning changes between silking and maturity in newer versus older maize hybrids. Field Crops Research, 2015, 183: 315-328.
[16]   边少锋, 赵洪祥, 徐克章, 孟祥盟, 王晓慧. 雨养条件下春玉米“吨粮田”栽培的增产因素分析. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 39(6): 61-67.
Bian S F, Zhao H X, Xu K Z, Meng X M, Wang X H.  Analysis on yield-enhancing factors on spring maize in ton-grain  field cultivation under precipitation growth. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition), 2011, 39(6): 61-67. (in Chinese)
[17]   Chen Y L, Xiao C G, Chen X C, Li Q, Zhang J, Chen F J, Yuan L X, Mi G H. Characterization of the plant traits contributed to high grain yield and high grain nitrogen concentration in maize. Field Crops Research, 2014, 159: 1-9.
[18]   李文娟, 何萍, 高强, 金继运, 侯云鹏, 尹彩霞, 张国辉. 不同氮效率玉米干物质形成及氮素营养特性差异研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(1): 51-57.
Li W J, He P, Gao Q, Jin J Y, Hou Y P, Yin C X, Zhang G H. Dry matter formation and nitrogen uptake in two maize cultivars differing in nitrogen use efficiency. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2010, 16(1): 51-57. (in Chinese)
[19]   郑伟, 何萍, 高强, 沙之敏, 金继运. 施氮对不同土壤肥力玉米氮素吸收和利用的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(2): 301-309.
Zheng W, He P, Gao Q, Sha Z M, Jin J Y. Effect of N application on nitrogen absorption and utilization of spring maize under different soil fertilities. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2011, 17(2): 301-309. (in Chinese)
[20]   Duvick D N. The contribution of breeding to yield advances in maize (Zea mays L.). Advances in Agronomy, 2005, 86(5): 83-145.
[21]   Cai H G, Ma W, Zhang X Z, Ping J Q, Zhu P, Yan X G, Liu J  Z, Yuan J C, Ren J, Wang L C. Characteristics of nutrient accumulation and efficiency in maize under different agronomic managements. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2015, 17: 1755-1767.
[22]   Ciampitti I A, Vyn T J. A comprehensive study of plant density consequences on nitrogen uptake dynamics of maize plants from vegetative to reproductive stages. Field Crops Research, 2011, 121(1): 2-18.
[23]   Chen X, Chen F, Chen Y, Gao Q, Yang X, Yuan L, Zhang F, Mi G. Modern maize hybrids in Northeast China exhibit increased yield potential and resource use efficiency despite adverse climate change. Global Change Biology, 2013, 19(3): 923-936.
[24]   张建军, 樊廷录, 党翼, 赵刚, 王磊, 李尚中. 密度与氮肥运筹对陇东旱塬全膜双垄沟播春玉米产量及生理指标的影响. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(22): 4574-4584.
Zhang J J, Fan T L, Dang Y, Zhao G, Wang L, Li S Z. The effects of density and nitrogen management on the yield and physiological indices of spring maize under plastic-covered ridge and furrow planting in Loess Plateau East of Gansu. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(22): 4574-4584. (in Chinese)
[25]   蔡红光, 米国华, 张秀芝, 任军, 冯国忠, 高强. 不同施肥方式对东北黑土春玉米连作体系土壤氮素平衡的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(1): 89-97.
Cai H G, Mi G H, Zhang X Z, Ren J, Feng G Z, Gao Q. Effect of different fertilizing methods on nitrogen balance in the black soil for continuous maize production in Northeast China. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2012, 18(1): 89-97. (in Chinese)
[26] 崔超, 高聚林, 于晓芳, 王志刚, 孙继颖, 胡树平, 苏治军, 谢岷. 不同氮效率基因型高产春玉米花粒期干物质与氮素运移特性的研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(6): 1337-1345.
Cui C, Gao J L, Yu X F, Wang Z G, Sun J Y, Hu S P, Su Z J, Xie M. Dry matter accumulation and nitrogen migration of high-yielding spring maize for different nitrogen efficiency in the flowering and milking stage. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2013, 19(6): 1337-1345. (in Chinese)
[1] WANG JiaNuo, CHEN GuiPing, LI Pan, WANG LiPing, NAN YunYou, HE Wei, FAN ZhiLong, HU FaLong, CHAI Qiang, YIN Wen, ZHAO LiaoHao. Photo-Physiological Mechanism at Grain Filling Stage of No-Tillage with Plastic Re-Mulching to Increase Maize Yield in Oasis Irrigation Areas [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(6): 1189-1202.
[2] LÜ XuDong, SUN ShiYuan, LI YaNan, LIU YuLong, WANG YanQun, FU Xin, ZHANG JiaYing, NING Peng, PENG ZhengPing. Effects of Intelligent Mechanized Layered Fertilization on Root-Soil Nutrient Distribution and Yield in Wheat Fields [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(1): 129-146.
[3] PU LiXia, ZHANG JiaRui, YE JianPing, HUANG XiuLan, FAN GaoQiong, YANG HongKun. The Combined Effects of 16, 17-Dihydro Gibberellin A5 and Straw Mulching on Tillering and Grain Yield of Dryland Wheat [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(9): 1735-1748.
[4] LIU JinSong, WU LongMei, BAO XiaoZhe, LIU ZhiXia, ZHANG Bin, YANG TaoTao. Effects of a Short-Term Reduction in Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on the Grain Yield and Rice Quality of Early and Late-Season Dual-Use Rice in South China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(8): 1508-1520.
[5] YIN Bo, YU AiZhong, WANG PengFei, YANG XueHui, WANG YuLong, SHANG YongPan, ZHANG DongLing, LIU YaLong, LI Yue, WANG Feng. Effects of Green Manure Returning Combined with Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction on Hydrothermal Characteristics of Wheat Field and Grain Yield in Oasis Irrigation Area [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(7): 1366-1380.
[6] ZHAO Yao, CHENG Qian, XU TianJun, LIU Zheng, WANG RongHuan, ZHAO JiuRan, LU DaLei, LI CongFeng. Effects of Plant Type Improvement on Root-Canopy Characteristics and Grain Yield of Spring Maize Under High Density Condition [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(7): 1296-1310.
[7] ZHAO TongTong, GU XiaoBo, TAN ChuanDong, YAN TingLin, LI XiaoYan, CHANG Tian, DU YaDan. Effects of Water-Nitrogen Coupling on the Mineralization of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen for Mulched Farmland Soils in the Arid Regions of Northwest China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(5): 929-942.
[8] QIU HaiLong, LI Pan, ZHANG DianKai, FAN ZhiLong, HU FaLong, CHEN GuiPing, FAN Hong, HE Wei, YIN Wen, ZHAO LianHao. Compensatory Effects of Multiple Cropping Green Manure on Growth and Yield Loss of Nitrogen-Reduced Spring Wheat in Oasis Irrigation Areas of Northwest China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(3): 443-459.
[9] TIAN Lei, SHAO Xin, ZHOU YiMin, MIAO XiuZhen, JI Nan, WANG Hao, SHI MingShuai, ZHANG YueZhong. Selection of Maize Planting Density and Dense-Planting Tolerant and Lodging-Resistant Varieties in the Southern Foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains under Multi-Factor Management [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(24): 5143-5155.
[10] ZHANG Feng, XU JunFeng, GAO ZhiYuan, DANG HaiYan, GUO RongBo, SHE WenTing, LI WenHu, LIU JinShan, WANG ZhaoHui. Optimizing Wheat Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates Based on Apparent Nitrogen and Phosphorus Balance in a Long-Term Location Fixed Field Experiment [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(22): 4688-4702.
[11] LEI BiXin, YU YongBo, ZHANG MingTong, CUI GuoJi, HONG JiaWen, HU Tao, YOU AiXin, ZHANG WenJing, MA ShangYu, HUANG ZhengLai, FAN YongHui. Impact of Post-Anthesis Heat Stress on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield Components in Wheat [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(19): 3837-3856.
[12] MA YuJie, LI Xu, ZHAI YingFang, LI JingYu, FU Xin, PENG ZhengPing. Effects of Straw Returning Methods and Nitrogen Application Rates on Soil Organic Carbon Components and Enzyme Activity [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(12): 2397-2410.
[13] WANG RongRong, XU NingLu, HUANG XiuLi, ZHAO KaiNan, HUANG Ming, WANG HeZheng, FU GuoZhan, WU JinZhi, LI YouJun. Effects of One-Off Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Grain Yield and Quality in Dryland Wheat [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(1): 43-57.
[14] FAN Hong, YIN Wen, HU FaLong, FAN ZhiLong, ZHAO Cai, YU AiZhong, HE Wei, SUN YaLi, WANG Feng, CHAI Qiang. Compensation Potential of Dense Planting on Nitrogen Reduction in Maize Yield in Oasis Irrigation Area [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(9): 1709-1721.
[15] HAN XiaoJie, REN ZhiJie, LI ShuangJing, TIAN PeiPei, LU SuHao, MA Geng, WANG LiFang, MA DongYun, ZHAO YaNan, WANG ChenYang. Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on Carbon and Nitrogen Content of Soil Aggregates and Wheat Yield [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(9): 1766-1778.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备09089781号-30
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Scientia Agricultura Sinica
Tel: 86-010-82106279    E-mail: zgnykx@mail.caas.net.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd