渭北旱塬麦田保护性轮耕方式的产量和土壤水分效应长周期模拟研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.14.005

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Weibei Highland is a typical rainfed agricultural zone in Northern China, so water shortage is the main factor limiting grain production. Along with the shortage and uneven seasonal distribution of annual rainfall, the growth and development of winter wheat constrains that cause low and unstable yield. The aim of this article is to explore the effects of different rotation tillage patterns on soil water conservation and yield increase in continuous winter wheat region under the long-period in Weibei Highland.【Method】Based on model validation, the WinEPIC model was used to simulate crop yield and soil moisture effects of continuous planting winter wheat field under different tillage rotation treatments (CT (continuous conventional tillage), NT/ST (no tillage/sub-soiling rotation), CT/ST (conventional tillage/sub-soiling rotation), NT/NT/ST (no tillage/no tillage/sub-soiling rotation), NT/CT/ST (no tillage/conventional tillage/sub-soiling rotation)) on Weibei Highland during 1980-2009.【Result】As the gradual decrease of annual precipitations during the simulation period, the simulated wheat yield, WUE (water use efficiency) and water consumption in growth season of winter wheat decreased with fluctuation. The average wheat yield of NT/ST, CT/ST, NT/NT/ST and NT/CT/ST treatments compared to CT treatment increased by 14.4%, 12.2%, 2.4% and 3.2%, respectively, the average wheat yield of no tillage/sub-soiling rotation treatment was the highest, which was 3.53 t×hm^-2. Compared to CT, WUE of NT/ST, CT/ST, NT/NT/ST and NT/CT/ST treatments treatment increased by 6.36%, 6.13%, 6.40% and 6.41%, WUE of NT/NT/ST treatment and NT/CT/ST treatment was better than others, which was 8.68 kg×hm^-2×mm^-1. Compared with CT, the water consumption in the winter wheat growth season of NT/ST, CT/ST, NT/NT/ST and NT/CT/ST treatments increased obviously in the dry year; the difference among them was not significant in the normal rainfall and rainy years. The water consumption in growing season of NT/ST treatment was higher than the other rotation tillage treatments. The monthly available soil water amount in 0-3 m soil layers of winter wheat field showed a seasonal decreasing trend during the simulation period and fluctuated obviously with the seasons, the average available soil water of NT/ST, CT/ST, NT/NT/ST and NT/CT/ST treatments was 28.7%, 27.2%, 26.8% and 26.7% higher than CT treatment, respectively. The water conservation effect of NT/ST treatment was the best, average available soil water in 0-3 m soil layers was 107.1 mm, CT/ST treatment and NT/CT/ST treatment were the second, the last one was continuous conventional tillage treatment. The soil moisture in 0-1 m soil layers changed with the fluctuation of precipitation in wheat field, it also changed in 1-1.5 m in rainy or dry year which was more stable in 1.5-3 m, the difference among different tillage rotation treatments was not significant, and the effect of NT/ST treatment was the best. 【Conclusion】Compared with CT, the yield and effect of water preservation of CT/ST treatment were higher, but the WUE was slightly lower. The WUE and effect of water preservation of NT/NT/ST and NT/CT/ST treatment were higher, but the yield was lower. Considering the yield, WUE and effect of water preservation of the winter wheat field, NT/ST rotation treatment is the most reasonable conservation rotation in long-term continuous winter wheat cropping system on Weibei Highland.

Key words: Weibei Highland, winter wheat, conservation tillage rotation, WinEPIC model, soil water, yield, water use efficiency

ZHANG Yu-jiao, LI Jun, GUO Zheng, YUE Zhi-fang. Long-Term Simulation of Winter Wheat Yield and Soil Water Response to Conservation Tillage Rotation in Weibei Highland[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(14): 2730-2746.

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