Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this research was to analyze the evolutionary regularity of wheat agronomic traits and study the adaptation of winter wheat to climate change and the artificial high yield breeding.【Method】The agronomic traits of diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid wheat and modern wheat varieties were recorded in different growth periods and the yield traits were measured after harvesting. 【Result】 The results showed that the tillering number and leaf number tended to reduce in wheat evolution. In the evolution of diploid → tetraploid → hexaploid, the plant height tended to increase; from the wild hexaploid wheat to modern wheat varieties, the plant height and biological yield per plant tended to decrease. In the returning green-heading period, the evolution of total leaf area per plant was diploid＜tetraploid＜hexaploid＜landraces＜modern wheat varieties, on the contrary, in the flowering-grain filling stage, the evolution of total leaf area per plant was hexaploid＞tetraploid＞landraces and modern wheat varieties＞diploid. The biological yield per plant tended to decrease while the grain yield and harvest index tended to increase.【Conclusion】These results indicated that the wheat wild species kept the genetic character and growth pattern of adapting to low temperature and grew slowly. Under the natural climate warming selection and high yield plant type breeding selection, modern wheat varieties tended to mature earlier with fewer tillering number to avoid cold damage and more dry matter transported to the grains from leaves.

Key words: huanghuai , winter wheat , agronomic traits , evolution