氮磷钾添加对温性草甸草原植物群落特征及物种多样性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.20.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) addition on the plant community and diversity in a temperate meadow steppe.【Method】 This study was conducted in the temperate meadow steppe of Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, and an orthogonal "3414" experimental design was employed, establishing 14 fertilization treatments with different N, P, and K combinations. Their impacts on plant community structure, productivity, and species diversity were systematically analyzed. The relative importance of individual nutrient factors and their interactions in regulating community responses was further evaluated. 【Result】 (1) Combined application of N, P, K significantly affected aboveground biomass. The N₂P₂K₁ treatment (N 183 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 350 kg·hm^-2, and K₂O 28 kg·hm^-2) yielded the highest total biomass and biomass of the dominant species Leymus chinensis. This indicated that a moderate N level, synergistically combined with P and K inputs, was more conducive to productivity enhancement. (2) Fertilization significantly altered community structure. Nitrogen addition markedly increased the dominance of poaceae (with the highest importance value reaching 88.8%), while suppressing Fabaceae, Asteraceae, and forbs, leading to community simplification. (3) Fertilization increased community height, cover, density, and biomass, meanwhile, it significantly reduced species richness and diversity. High nitrogen treatments had the lowest species number, indicating a clear productivity-diversity trade-off. (4) Multivariate analysis showed that nitrogen was the primary driver of ecosystem changes, with its yield-enhancing effect coming at the cost of diversity. Phosphorus effects were significant, whereas the main effect of potassium was not significant. However, under specific N-P-K ratios, potassium might play a regulatory role in maintaining community structural stability.【Conclusion】 The temperate meadow steppe was sensitive to nutrient addition. Appropriate balanced fertilization could enhance productivity, but excessive nitrogen application led to community simplification and diversity loss. Grassland management should control nitrogen application rates and emphasize balanced NPK fertilization to reconcile production and ecological conservation. Therefore, fertilization management and degraded grassland restoration in temperate meadow steppes should prioritize controlling nitrogen input intensity and optimize phosphorus and potassium allocation to achieve synergistic improvements in forage production and ecological conservation.

Key words: temperate meadow steppe, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium addition, aboveground biomass, community characteristics, species diversity

LIU FangLin, YU TianQi, SHI MengYuan, XIN XiaoPing, YANG HeLong, HE SenYa, LI Ying, GAO XiaoTian, LÜ GuangPing, YAN RuiRui. Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Addition on Plant Community Characteristic and Species Diversity in a Temperate Meadow Steppe[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(20): 4500-4516.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 3

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 4

Table 5

References 55

[1]	张超, 闫瑞瑞, 梁庆伟, 娜日苏, 李彤, 杨秀芳, 包玉海, 辛晓平. 不同利用方式下草地土壤理化性质及碳、氮固持研究[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(4): 90-98. doi: 10.11686/cyxb2020278
	Zhang C, Yan R R, Liang Q W, Na R S, Li T, Yang X F, Bao Y H, Xin X P. Study on soil physical and chemical properties and carbon and nitrogen sequestration of grassland under different utilization modes[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(4): 90-98. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11686/cyxb2020278
[2]	Zhou G Y, Zhou X H, He Y H, Shao J J, Hu Z H, Liu R Q, Zhou H M, Hosseinibai S. Grazing intensity significantly affects belowground carbon and nitrogen cycling in grassland ecosystems: a meta-analysis[J]. Global Change Biology, 2017, 23(3): 1167-1179. doi: 10.1111/gcb.13431 pmid: 27416555
[3]	陈瑜, 杨晨晨, 潮洛濛, 周延林, 呼格吉勒图, 王超然, 贾明. 温性草甸草原羊草功能性状对不同放牧强度的响应[J]. 草原与草坪, 2023, 43(2): 143-151.
	Chen Y, Yang C C, Chao L M, Zhou Y L, Hu G, Wang C R, Jia M. Response of functional traits of Leymus chinensis to different grazing intensities in temperate meadow grassland[J]. Grassland and Turf, 2023, 43(2): 143-151. (in Chinese)
[4]	姜丽霞, 田赟, 刘新月, 张克斌. 不同放牧方式对草地群落植物功能群组成和结构的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2022, 44(1): 77-86.
	Jiang L X, Tian Y, Liu X Y, Zhang K B. Effects of different grazing methods on the composition and structure of plant functional groups in grassland community[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2022, 44(1): 77-86. (in Chinese)
[5]	He F, Wang K, Hannaway D B, Li X L. Effects of precipitation and clipping intensity on net primary productivity and composition of a Leymus chinensis temperate grassland steppe[J]. PLoS ONE, 2017, 12(12): e0190450. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190450
[6]	张世虎, 张悦, 马晓玉, 王聪, 马群, 杨雪纯, 徐婷, 马越, 郑智. 大气氮沉降影响草地植物物种多样性机制研究综述[J]. 生态学报, 2022, 42(4): 1252-1261.
	Zhang S H, Zhang Y, Ma X Y, Wang C, Ma Q, Yang X C, Xu T, Ma Y, Zheng Z. Mechanisms underlying loss of plant biodiversity by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in grasslands[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2022, 42(4): 1252-1261. (in Chinese)
[7]	宗宁, 石培礼, 牛犇, 蒋婧, 宋明华, 张宪洲, 何永涛. 氮磷配施对藏北退化高寒草甸群落结构和生产力的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(12): 3457-3468.
	Zong N, Shi P L, Niu B, Jiang J, Song M H, Zhang X Z, He Y T. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization on community structure and productivity of degraded alpine meadows in northern Tibet, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(12): 3457-3468. (in Chinese)
[8]	王开丽, 杨合龙, 肖红, 孙伟, 戎郁萍. 施氮与刈割留茬高度对草场生产力及植物群落组成的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(13): 2625-2636. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.011.
	Wang K L, Yang H L, Xiao H, Sun W, Rong Y P. Effects of nitrogen application and clipping height on vegetation productivity and plant community composition of haying meadow steppe[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(13): 2625-2636. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.011. (in Chinese)
[9]	Song W Z, Ochoa-Hueso R, Li F, Cui H Y, Zhong S Z, Yang X C, Zhao T H, Sun W. Mowing enhances the positive effects of nitrogen addition on ecosystem carbon fluxes and water use efficiency in a semi-arid meadow steppe[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2022, 320: 115889. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115889
[10]	陈奇乐, 李智, 李瑾璞, 张美丽, 张利, 王树涛. 氮磷钾配施对坝上退化草地生产力及群落特征的影响[J]. 河北农业大学学报, 2020, 43(5): 62-67, 79. doi: 10.13320/j.cnki.jauh.2020.0095
	Chen Q L, Li Z, Li J P, Zhang M L, Zhang L, Wang S T. Effects of NPK application on degraded grassland productivity and community structure on Bashang plateau[J]. Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei, 2020, 43(5): 62-67, 79. (in Chinese)
[11]	Clark C M, Tilman D. Loss of plant species after chronic low-level nitrogen deposition to prairie grasslands[J]. Nature, 2008, 451(7179): 712-715. doi: 10.1038/nature06503
[12]	Leff J W, Jones S E, Prober S M, Barberán A, Borer E T, Firn J L, Harpole W S, Hobbie S E, Hofmockel K S, Knops J M H, Mcculley R L, La Pierre K, Risch A C, Seabloom E W, Schütz M, Steenbock C, Stevens C J, Fierer N. Consistent responses of soil microbial communities to elevated nutrient inputs in grasslands across the globe[J]. PNAS, 2015, 112(35): 10967-10972. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1508382112 pmid: 26283343
[13]	Harpole W S, Sullivan L L, Lind E M, Firn J, Adler P B, Borer E T, Chase J, Fay P A, Hautier Y, Hillebrand H, MacDougall A S, Seabloom E W, Williams R, Bakker J D, Cadotte M W, Chaneton E J, Chu C, Cleland E E, D’Antonio C, Davies K F, et al. Addition of multiple limiting resources reduces grassland diversity[J]. Nature, 2016, 537(7618): 93-96. doi: 10.1038/nature19324
[14]	Fay P A, Prober S M, Harpole W S, Knops J M H, Bakker J D, Borer E T, Lind E M, MacDougall A S, Seabloom E W, Wragg P D, Adler P B, Blumenthal D M, Buckley Y M, Chu C, Cleland E E, Collins S L, Davies K F, Du G, Feng X, Firn J, et al. Grassland productivity limited by multiple nutrients[J]. Nature Plants, 2015, 1: 15080. doi: 10.1038/nplants.2015.80 pmid: 27250253
[15]	白玉婷, 卫智军, 代景忠, 闫瑞瑞, 刘文亭, 王天乐. 施肥对羊草割草地植物群落和土壤C:N:P生态化学计量学特征的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2017, 26(4): 620-627.
	Bai Y T, Wei Z J, Dai J Z, Yan R R, Liu W T, Wang T L. Responses of plant and soil C:N:P stoichiometry to fertilization in Leymus chinensis mowing meadow[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2017, 26(4): 620-627. (in Chinese)
[16]	Bai Y, Lü S, Schellenberg M P, Yan R, Zhang R, Wie Z. Fertilization and soil aeration effects on grassland primary productivity and species diversity in a meadow steppe, northern China[J]. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2020, 18(3): 4539-4555. doi: 10.15666/aeer
[17]	Wang Y L, Niu G X, Rousk K, Yang G J, Jiang L C, Hasi M, Xue J G, Lü X T, Jiang Y, Han X G, Li A, Huang J H. Nitrogen addition drives local extinction of legumes in meadow steppe[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2025, 113(8): 2248-2262. doi: 10.1111/jec.v113.8
[18]	Shaver G R, Bret-Harte M S, Jones M H, Johnstone J, Gough L, Laundre J, Chapin F S. Species composition interacts with fertilizer to control long-term change in tundra productivity[J]. Ecology, 2001, 82(11): 3163-3181. doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[3163:SCIWFT]2.0.CO;2
[19]	Zheng L N, Zhao W, Gao S B, Wang R Z, Yan H R, Wang M J. Fertilization promotes the recovery of plant productivity but decreases biodiversity in a Khorchin degraded grassland[J]. Nitrogen, 2025, 6(3): 64. doi: 10.3390/nitrogen6030064
[20]	Chen Q Q, Wang S P, Seabloom E W, Isbell F, Borer E T, Bakker J D, Bharath S, Roscher C, Peri P L, Power S A, Donohue I, Stevens C, Ebeling A, Nogueira C, Caldeira M C, Macdougall A S, Moore J L, Bagchi S, Jentsch A, Tedder M, et al. Change in functional trait diversity mediates the effects of nutrient addition on grassland stability[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2024, 112(11): 2598-2612. doi: 10.1111/jec.v112.11
[21]	Xu Q N, Yang X, Song J, Ru J Y, Xia J Y, Wang S P, Wan S Q, Jiang L. Nitrogen enrichment alters multiple dimensions of grassland functional stability via changing compositional stability[J]. Ecology Letters, 2022, 25(12): 2713-2725. doi: 10.1111/ele.v25.12
[22]	Zhang C, Xin X P, Zhang Y, Wang M, Chen S S, Yu T Q, Li Y X, Yang G X, Yan R R. Response of temperate Leymus chinensis meadow steppe plant community composition, biomass allocation, and species diversity to nitrogen and phosphorus addition[J]. Agronomy, 2023, 13(1): 208-228. doi: 10.3390/agronomy13010208
[23]	Zhu Y J, Shan D, Wang B Z, Shi Z J, Yang X H, Liu Y S. Floristic features and vegetation classification of the Hulunbuir Steppe in North China: Geography and climate-driven steppe diversification[J]. Global Ecology and Conservation, 2019, 20: e00741.
[24]	Guo Y M, Zhou M, Sheng J, Yuan Y J, Yuan G Y, Zhang W H, Bai W M. Aboveground net primary productivity was not limited by phosphorus in a temperate typical steppe in Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 16(4): rtac085.
[25]	Wang Z H, Chen L, Pan Y Z, Zhao D, Yang Y R, Li X Y, Wang H Y. Responses in species diversity in the Hulunbuir grassland to phosphorus addition under nitrogen-limiting and non-limiting conditions[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2024, 15: 1393471. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1393471
[26]	Fang J C, Chen B Z, Wang F, Li W B, Zhang H F, Fang J J, Liu S, Zheng Z C, Guo M, Niu S L. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium co-limitation in terrestrial ecosystems: A global meta-analysis[J]. Plants, People, Planet, 2024, 6(6): 1329-1340. doi: 10.1002/ppp3.v6.6
[27]	Wang B, Gong J R, Zhang Z H, Yang B, Liu M, Zhu C C, Shi J Y, Zhang W Y, Yue K X. Nitrogen addition alters photosynthetic carbon fixation, allocation of photoassimilates, and carbon partitioning of Leymus chinensis in a temperate grassland of Inner Mongolia[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2019, 279: 107743. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107743
[28]	Yu L, Song X L, Zhao J N, Wang H, Bai L, Yang D L. Responses of plant diversity and primary productivity to nutrient addition in a Stipa baicalensis grassland, China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2015, 14(10): 2099-2108. doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)61001-7
[29]	吕娜, 高吉喜, 李政海, 尤春赫, 刘晓曼, 张彪, 莫宇, 朱萨宁, 彭阳, 杨雪. 植物生长中期施肥对草甸草原群落特征与物种多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(2): 109-122. doi: 10.11686/cyxb2024129
	Lü N, Gao J X, Li Z H, You C H, Liu X M, Zhang B, Mo Y, Zhu S N, Peng Y, Yang X. Effects of fertilizer application during mid-growing season on vegetation community biomass and species diversity in meadow grasslands[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(2): 109-122. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11686/cyxb2024129
[30]	Fay P A, Gherardi L A, Yahdjian L, Adler P B, Bakker J D, Bharath S, Borer E T, Harpole W S, Hersch-Green E, Huxman T E, MacDougall A S, Risch A C, Seabloom E W, Bagchi S, Barrio I C, Biederman L, Buckley Y M, Bugalho M N, Caldeira M C, Catford J A, et al. Interactions among nutrients govern the global grassland biomass-precipitation relationship[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025, 122(15): e2410748122.
[31]	Chen B Z, Fang J C, Piao S L, Ciais P, Black T A, Wang F, Niu S L, Zeng Z Z, Luo Y Q. A meta-analysis highlights globally widespread potassium limitation in terrestrial ecosystems[J]. New Phytologist, 2024, 241(1): 154-165. doi: 10.1111/nph.v241.1
[32]	Zhou X L, Guo Z, Zhang P F, Li H L, Chu C J, Li X L, Du G Z. Different categories of biodiversity explain productivity variation after fertilization in a Tibetan Alpine meadow community[J]. Ecology and Evolution, 2017, 7(10): 3464-3474. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2723 pmid: 28515882
[33]	Li W, Cheng J M, Yu K L, Epstein H E, Guo L, Jing G H, Zhao J, Du G Z. Plant functional diversity can be independent of species diversity: Observations based on the impact of 4-yrs of nitrogen and phosphorus additions in an Alpine meadow[J]. PLoS ONE, 2015, 10(8): e0136040. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136040
[34]	Guo N, Xie M Y, Fang Z, Jiao F, Han X Y. Divergent responses of plant biomass and diversity to short-term nitrogen and phosphorus addition in three types of steppe in Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Ecological Processes, 2022, 11(1): 32. doi: 10.1186/s13717-022-00376-y
[35]	Zhang C Z, Xiang X J, Yang T, Liu X, Ma Y Y, Zhang K P, Liu X J, Chu H Y. Nitrogen fertilization reduces plant diversity by changing the diversity and stability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in a temperate steppe[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 918: 170775. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170775
[36]	Meilhac J, Deschamps L, Maire V, Flajoulot S, Litrico I. Both selection and plasticity drive niche differentiation in experimental grasslands[J]. Nature Plants, 2020, 6(1): 28-33. doi: 10.1038/s41477-019-0569-7 pmid: 31873193
[37]	Shen G, Tan S, Yang Q, Sun X Y, Sun X W, Wang X. The prevalence of species-habitat association is not adequate for justifying the niche differentiation hypothesis[J]. Community Ecology, 2018, 19(1): 45-52. doi: 10.1556/168.2018.19.1.5
[38]	Erdős L, Kröel-Dulay G, Bátori Z, Kovács B, Németh C, Kiss P J, Tölgyesi C. Habitat heterogeneity as a key to high conservation value in forest-grassland mosaics[J]. Biological Conservation, 2018, 226: 72-80. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.07.029
[39]	Aslani F, Bahram M, Geisen S, Pent M, Otsing E, Tamm H, Jones A, Panagos P, Köninger J, Orgiazzi A, Tedersoo L. Land use intensification homogenizes soil protist communities and alters their diversity across Europe[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2024, 195: 109459. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109459
[40]	Virtanen R, Borer E T, Crawley M, Ebeling A, Harpole W S, Risch A C, Roscher C, Schütz M, Seabloom E W, Eskelinen A. Neglecting non-vascular plants leads to underestimation of grassland plant diversity loss under experimental nutrient addition[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2025, 113(7): 1672-1685. doi: 10.1111/jec.v113.7
[41]	于丽, 赵建宁, 王慧, 白龙, 刘红梅, 杨殿林. 养分添加对内蒙古贝加尔针茅草原植物多样性与生产力的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(24): 8165-8173.
	Yu L, Zhao J N, Wang H, Bai L, Liu H M, Yang D L. Effects of nutrient addition on plant diversity and productivity in a Stipa baicalensis grassland in Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(24): 8165-8173. (in Chinese)
[42]	Yang G J, Lü X T, Stevens C J, Zhang G M, Wang H Y, Wang Z W, Zhang Z J, Liu Z Y, Han X G. Mowing mitigates the negative impacts of N addition on plant species diversity[J]. Oecologia, 2019, 189(3): 769-779. doi: 10.1007/s00442-019-04353-9
[43]	Yang Z P, Minggagud H, Wang Q, Pan H Y. Interacting effects of nitrogen addition and mowing on plant diversity and biomass of a typical grassland in Inner Mongolia[J]. Agronomy, 2023, 13(8): 2125. doi: 10.3390/agronomy13082125
[44]	Wegner L H, Pottosin I, Dreyer I, Shabala S. Potassium homeostasis and signalling: From the whole plant to the subcellular level[J]. Quantitative Plant Biology, 2025, 6: e13.
[45]	Brisson V L, Richardy J, Kosina S M, Northen T R, Vogel J P, Gaudin A C M. Phosphate availability modulates root exudate composition and rhizosphere microbial community in a teosinte and a modern maize cultivar[J]. Phytobiomes Journal, 2022, 6(1): 83-94. doi: 10.1094/PBIOMES-06-21-0041-R
[46]	Xiang X M, De K J, Lin W S, Wei X J, Wang W. Response of alpine meadow plant diversity and biomass to nitrogen addition and growth stage[J]. Russian Journal of Ecology, 2023, 54(5): 439-453. doi: 10.1134/S1067413623050144
[47]	Han W X, Fang J Y, Reich P B, Ian Woodward F, Wang Z H. Biogeography and variability of eleven mineral elements in plant leaves across gradients of climate, soil and plant functional type in China[J]. Ecology Letters, 2011, 14(8): 788-796. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01641.x pmid: 21692962
[48]	Qin S Q, Yang G J, Zhang Y, Song M X, Sun L, Cui Y Z, Dong J B, Wang N, Liu X, Zheng P M, Wang R Q. Mowing did not alleviate the negative effect of nitrogen addition on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in a temperate meadow grassland[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2022, 13: 917645. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.917645
[49]	Li S, Dong S K, Shen H, Han Y H, Zhang J, Xu Y D, Gao X X, Yang M Y, Li Y, Zhao Z Z, Liu S L, Zhou H K, Dong Q M, Yeomans J C. Different responses of multifaceted plant diversities of alpine meadow and alpine steppe to nitrogen addition gradients on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 688: 1405-1412. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.211
[50]	Zhang R, Shen H, Dong S K, Li S, Xiao J N, Zhi Y L, Zhang J, Zuo H, Wu S N, Mu Z Y, Shi H. Effects of 5-year nitrogen addition on species composition and diversity of an alpine steppe plant community on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Plants, 2022, 11(7): 966. doi: 10.3390/plants11070966
[51]	Zhao Y N, Yang B, Li M X, Xiao R Q, Rao K Y, Wang J Q, Zhang T, Guo J X. Community composition, structure and productivity in response to nitrogen and phosphorus additions in a temperate meadow[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 654: 863-871. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.155
[52]	Ma B, Sheng X J, Zhou J, Nielsen U N, Wang X T, Ma M J. Phosphorus addition ameliorates soil micro-food web simplification due to nitrogen enrichment but does not restore nematode community composition[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2024, 195: 109447. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109447
[53]	Zhang Z W, Ding C, Hu Y Y, Yang G J, Ning Y, Liang X S, Han X G, Lü X T. Effect of nutrient addition and mowing on plant diversity and soil carbon content of meadow steppe in Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2025, 393: 127101. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127101
[54]	Zhang X J, Yang G J, Ning Y, Jiang L C, Han X G, Lü X T. Dominant species drove the balance between biodiversity and productivity in mown grasslands under nitrogen fertilization[J]. Ecological Applications, 2025, 35(1): e70009. doi: 10.1002/eap.v35.1
[55]	Fu H R, Shi J B, Chen X Y, Tian Y, Huang Y X, Li G D, Li Q. Mowing intensifies plant phosphorus limitation and phosphorus acquisition regulation under N fertilization in the temperate alkaline meadow[J]. Plant and Soil, 2025, 517(2): 1065-1085. doi: 10.1007/s11104-025-07909-2

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Comments

Recommended 0

No Suggested Reading articles found!

指标 Indicator	土层 Soil layer
指标 Indicator	0-10 cm	10-20 cm
碱解氮 AN (mg·kg^-1)	298.69	250.90
有效磷 AP (mg·kg^-1)	5.86	2.89
速效钾 AK (mg·kg^-1)	258.55	171.39
全磷 TP (g·kg^-1)	0.63	0.56
全钾 TK (g·kg^-1)	24.23	21.76
全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	3.30	2.71
全碳 TC (g·kg^-1)	63.33	52.38
C/N	19.18	19.30
pH	6.60	6.70

处理组 Treatment group	施肥处理 Treatment group	禾本科 Poaceae	豆科 Fabaceae	菊科 Asteraceae	杂类草 Other forbs	莎草科 Cyperaceae	总计 Total
对照 CK	N₀P₀K₀	28.60	9.80	11.50	43.40	6.70	100
氮水平 N level	N₀P₂K₂	31.90	23.60	19.00	21.30	4.20	100
	N₁P₂K₂	33.30	11.10	15.90	32.10	7.60	100
	N₂P₂K₂	63.60	9.10	6.10	12.10	9.10	100
	N₃P₂K₂	68.40	7.00	8.80	10.50	5.30	100
磷水平 P level	N₂P₀K₂	19.50	9.80	3.30	60.90	6.50	100
	N₂P₁K₂	41.90	3.20	19.40	30.70	4.80	100
	N₂P₂K₂	63.60	9.10	6.10	12.10	9.10	100
	N₂P₃K₂	46.10	10.30	7.70	28.20	7.70	100
钾水平 K level	N₂P₂K₀	36.80	15.80	36.80	5.30	5.30	100
	N₂P₂K₁	88.80	5.60	0.00	5.60	0.00	100
	N₂P₂K₂	63.60	9.10	6.10	12.10	9.10	100
	N₂P₂K₃	34.30	5.70	11.40	40.00	8.60	100
综合水平 Overall level	N₂P₁K₁	42.90	7.10	23.80	21.40	4.80	100
	N₁P₂K₁	20.30	4.10	48.40	22.30	4.90	100
	N₁P₁K₂	41.00	8.20	27.30	18.00	5.50	100

主成分Principal component	1	2
特征值Eigenvalue	5.925	1.782
方差贡献率Variance contribution Rate (%)	59.254	17.825
累计方差贡献率Cumulative variance contribution rate (%)	59.254	77.079
指标 Index	特征向量Eigenvector
指标 Index	PC1	PC2
总盖度Total cover	0.030	0.842
群落平均高度Mean community height	-0.618	0.370
物种数Species richness	0.878	0.016
地上生物量干重Aboveground biomass dry weight	-0.410	0.663
禾本科生物量比例Poaceae biomass proportion	-0.791	-0.483
杂类草生物量比例Forb biomass proportion	0.791	0.483
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数Shannon-Wiener diversity index	0.967	-0.088
Simpson多样性指数Simpson dominance index	0.954	-0.099
Pielou均匀度指数Pielou evenness index	0.820	-0.112
Margarlef丰富度指数Margalef richness index	0.914	-0.035

效应项 Effect term	Wilks' λ	P值 P value	总地上生物量干重 Aboveground biomass dry weight	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	禾本科生物量比例 Poaceae biomass proportion
N	0.170	0.027*	2.352 (0.094)†	5.818 (0.003)**	5.498 (0.004)**
P	0.245	0.048*	0.628 (0.603)	4.192 (0.014)*	0.454 (0.717)
K	0.339	0.509	0.722 (0.548)	3.318 (0.034)*	1.945 (0.145)
N×P	0.676	0.428	0.562 (0.460)	0.211 (0.649)	1.098 (0.304)
N×K	0.611	0.246	0.425 (0.520)	2.068 (0.161)	1.335 (0.258)
P×K	0.489	0.056†	5.926 (0.022)*	1.086 (0.306)	0.603 (0.444)
N×P×K	1.000	1.000

Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Addition on Plant Community Characteristic and Species Diversity in a Temperate Meadow Steppe

RichHTML

PDF

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 9

References 55

Related Articles 4

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

序号 No.	代码 Code	氮、磷、钾添加 Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P, K) addition	肥料用量 Fertilizer application rate (kg·hm^-2)
序号 No.	代码 Code		N	P	K
1	T1	N₀P₀K₀	0	0	0
2	T2	N₀P₂K₂	0	350	57
3	T3	N₁P₂K₂	91	350	57
4	T4	N₂P₀K₂	183	0	57
5	T5	N₂P₁K₂	183	175	57
6	T6	N₂P₂K₂	183	350	57
7	T7	N₂P₃K₂	183	525	57
8	T8	N₂P₂K₀	183	350	0
9	T9	N₂P₂K₁	183	350	28
10	T10	N₂P₂K₃	183	350	85
11	T11	N₃P₂K₂	274	350	57
12	T12	N₁P₁K₂	91	175	57
13	T13	N₁P₂K₁	91	350	28
14	T14	N₂P₁K₁	183	175	28

[1]	LIU JiaXuan, CAO HongXia, REN LiYu, MA LiNa, ZHANG Bin, SHEN JiaQi, LI ZhiJun. Construction of a Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve Model and Nitrogen Nutrition Diagnosis for Dryland Foxtail Millet Under Film Mulching with Micro-Drip Irrigation [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(14): 3105-3120.
[2]	WANG HongYi, CHANG JiFang, WANG ZhengWen. Responses of Community Species Diversity and Productivity to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition During Restoration of Degraded Grassland [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(13): 2604-2613.
[3]	ZHANG Yu, HOU LuLu, YAN RuiRui, XIN XiaoPing. Effects of Grazing Intensity on Plant Community Characteristics and Nutrient Quality of Herbage in a Meadow Steppe [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(13): 2550-2561.
[4]	MA Yin-shan,WANG Xiao-fen,ZHANG Zuo-liang,LI Chuan-long,DU Guo-zhen,ZHANG Shi-ting . Effects of Light Intensity and Fertilization on the Growth of Poa crymophila [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(10): 3475-3484 .