Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (16): 3183-3198.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.16.011

• HORTICULTURE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Identification of Callose Synthetase Gene Family and Functional Analysis of PlCalS5 in Paeonia lactiflora

HE Dan1,2(), YOU XiaoLong1, HE SongLin1,2(), ZHANG MingXing1, ZHANG JiaoRui1, HUA Chao1, WANG Zheng1, LIU YiPing1   

  1. 1 College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002
    2 College of Horticulture Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan
  • Received:2023-01-09 Accepted:2023-04-27 Online:2023-08-16 Published:2023-08-18

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The CalS family plays an important role in regulating callose synthesis in plants. In this study, the members of the CalS family were identified and their bioinformatics and expression patterns were analyzed, which provided an evidence for distant cross incompatibility of Paeonia lactiflora (P. lactiflora). 【Method】The pollen germination and tube growth in self- and cross-pollinated stigma were observed by fluorescence microscope. The callose content, endogenous Abscisic acid (ABA) content and β-1,3-glucanase activity in stigma were measured. Eight members of the CalS family were cloned, and Expasy, MEME, TBtools, MEGA 7.0 and so on were used to predict the basic physicochemical properties and conserved motifs of proteins of the PlCalS family members and to construct a phylogenetic evolutionary tree. The expression of eight PlCalS in stigma at 24 h of self-pollination, 24 h of cross-pollination and 36 h of cross-pollination were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Multiple sequence alignment of CalS5 was performed, a phylogenetic tree was constructed, and the expression characteristics of PlCalS5 in response to ABA treatment at different concentrations were analyzed. 【Result】Fluorescence microscopic observation of pollen tube showed that callose plugging occurred in the stigma of hybrid, which restricted the pollen germination and tube growth. Callose content in cross-pollinated stigma was found to be higher in most periods than that in self-pollinated stigma. Then, the callose activity of β-1,3-glucose and ABA content in stigma with different pollination affinity showed regular differences. The members of the PlCalS family of P. lactiflora were identified and named by integrity analysis of the structural domains and sequence matching, and 15 conserved motifs with stable distribution in the PlCalS family were encoded by every eight genes. Multi-species phylogenetic relationships showed that the CalS family could be divided into three branches, with the PlCalS family distributed in only two branches, of which PlCalS5 was more closely related to CalS5 in Paeonia suffruticosa, Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum. The bioinformatics analysis showed that the eight family members encoded 1 745-1 951 amino acids, with a total number of 28 583-31 870 atoms and isoelectric points of 7.99-9.13. The analysis of the FPKM values in transcriptome showed that the PlCalS family members were highly expressed in the same period of hybridization and at 36 h of hybridization under the same treatment. qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression levels of 8 genes at 24 h of self-pollination were lower than those at 24 h and 36 h of cross-pollination. In addition, the PlCalS5 gene was found to be more sensitive to high ABA treatment. 【Conclusion】 There were eight gene members in the CalS family of P. lactiflora, which played an important role in regulating the callose formation of P. lactiflora. The expression level of the PlCalS gene in cross-pollinated stigma was higher than that in self-pollinated stigma in most periods, which might be involved in callose abnormal deposition. Heterologous pollen stimulation to the stigma of P. lactiflora could enhance a certain ABA synthesis pathway. ABA induced callose deposition by positively regulating the expression of callose synthesis genes, thus inhibiting pollen germination and tube elongation, and finally affecting pollination compatibility.

Key words: Paeonia lactiflora, distant hybridization incompatibility, CalS gene family, gene expression analyses

Table 1

The primers used for cloning gene"

基因名称 Gene name 片段名称 Fragment name 序列 Primer sequence (5′-3′)
PlCalS1 PlCalS1-1 F: 5′-ATGTCGTCGAGAGGCGGGTCT-3′
R: 5′-ATGGTCTGAGCAAATCCAGGAGG-3′
PlCalS1-2 F: 5′-AGATACATTTTGAAGGTCGTTTCAGCTGC-3′
R: 5′-TTCATCTGGAAAGATTTTTTGCAAGTAAAAAAG-3′
PlCalS1-3 F: 5′-GCTGTTCTTTTCTCCATAAAGGCCCTTG-3′
R: 5′-TATTCTGCACCCCCATGAAGTAATGTT-3′
PlCalS1-4 F: 5′-GCAGTTACAACTGGCCCCTGTATTTTTC-3′
R: 5′-TTACTCTTTATTGCTAGTGGTGCGGT-3′
PlCalS2 PlCalS2-1 F: 5′-ATGAGTTACCCTGAGATCCGGGCT-3′
R: 5′-AGGAACAAGCAAGAGGTTCATTTCCCT-3′
PlCalS2-2 F: 5′-GGCAGCAAAGTTTGCCCAGTTGT-3′
R: 5′-ATTTTGAACGCTTCTTCCATGTAGTTATCC-3′
PlCalS2-3 F: 5′-AGCCTGAAAATCAAAACCATGCCATT-3′
R: 5′-TTACTCTTTATTGCTAGTGGTGCGGTC-3′
PlCalS3 PlCalS3-1 F: 5′-ATGTCGTCGAGAGGCGGGTCT-3′
R: 5′-AACGACCTTCAAAATGTATCTTAACTTAACATG-3′
PlCalS3-2 F: 5′-AGCTGTGCTTGATGTTATCCTTAGTTGGA-3′
R: 5′-CCTCCGTGCAGTAAGGAGTCAAAA-3′
PlCalS3-3 F: 5′-CTTCTCAAATTCATTGTTTATGGACATGCCT-3′
R: 5′-TGAAGTAAGGTCCTTCCAAAATAGTGGG-3′
PlCalS3-4 F: 5′-ATACTCATGCAACTACAATTGGCTCCAGTATT-3′
R: 5′-TTACTCTTTGCTCCGTGACGAACG-3′
PlCalS5 PlCalS5-1 F: 5′-ATGTCGACCCTCGAGTCGGGCCCA-3′
R: 5′-CCCCTCCCAACATATATTCTTGGCTGT-3′
PlCalS5-2 F: 5′-TGCGACGTTGGATTGAAAACTCGGACTGG-3′
R: 5′-AGTAAAGATATGCTCACGGACACCTAA-3′
PlCalS5-3 F: 5′-TTGAAGATGCGCAATCTTCTGGAA-3′
R: 5′-TTACTTCTGCTTCTTTCCACCAGCCAG-3′
PlCalS9 PlCalS9-1 F: 5′-ATGGCTCGAGTAGAGAAGCTATGG-3′
R: 5′-TTTATATAAAGGAAGGATATGAAGACTGAG-3′
PlCalS9-2 F: 5′-CGCATATTCTACAACAAGGCGTGTT-3′
R: 5′-CTGGCTAATGTTTGTCCCCGGTAA-3′
PlCalS9-3 F: 5′-GATGAAAGTGCACTTGATTCGGAAC-3′
R: 5′-GCACAGTTAGCATGGTACAGAAATAGT-3′
PlCalS9-4 F: 5′-GGCTTGGGCAACTTTTTGATTTC-3′
R: 5′-TTACATCCCAGTATTGGGATTGTTTCC-3′
PlCalS10 PlCalS10-1 F: 5′-ATGTCTGGGGTTTACGATAATTGGGA-3′
R: 5′-TAGCCTTGAAAGAGCCATGCCTCT-3′
PlCalS10-2 F: 5′-GTAGAAAGTTTTCTGGACGTCCTGC-3′
R: 5′-ATCATACCACGAACTGTCCTCGCC-3′
PlCalS10-3 F: 5′-TCAAGATAGCTCTCGGGATGCCC-3′
R: 5′-CAGTGCTGTGTTACCTAACAGTTTAG-3′
PlCalS10-4 F: 5′-CTTATATGGAAGAGCTTACCTGGCTTTCT-3′
R: 5′-TTAGGTTTGCTGGTTAGCTTTGTTTCCAG-3′
PlCalS11 PlCalS11-1 F: 5′-ATGAGTACTATGAGACAACGACCTCC-3′
R: 5′-TACTTGACAGCTGCTCCTCCG-3′
PlCalS11-2 F: 5′-CAACAGCTAAGGCTTAGGTTTCAGTTC-3′
R: 5′-CACCCCTAGTAAAAATAATGGCATGG-3′
PlCalS11-3 F: 5′-AGATATTCCGAATCAGGTTGCCC-3′
R: 5′-TTAATTTGATCGTTTGCCAGTGAGAATGC-3′
PlCalS12 PlCalS12-1 F: 5′-ATGAGCCTACGCCAGCGTCC-3′
R: 5′-CATTTAACAGCTGCTCCTCCGG-3′
PlCalS12-2 F: 5′-AGTTGAGGCTGAGATTCCAGTTCTTTG-3′
R: 5′-GCAGACATAAACCAGGCAAGTGAAGA-3′
PlCalS12-3 F: 5′-AATATAAAACCTACTATGGTATCCGGAAGC-3′
R: 5′-TTACAACTCCACCTTGGATTTTTTTCC-3′

Table 2

Primers used for qRT-PCR"

基因 Gene name 引物序列 Primer sequence (5′-3′) 退火温度 Annealing temperature (℃)
PlCalS1 F: 5′-TTCAGCTGCAGCATGGGTTA-3′
R: 5′-CTCGAGGAATCGGCGAATGA-3′		 52
54
PlCalS2 F: 5′-AGCTCTTGTGAAGGCTGCTT-3′
R: 5′-AAGCCTTCGCCACGAGTAAA-3′		 52
52
PlCalS3 F: 5′-ATGAGCGTGCACTGACAGAA-3′
R: 5′-GCAGCTTCGCCCCAAATAAG-3′		 52
54
PlCalS5 F: 5′-GCCGCTATAGTGTTCCCTCC-3′
R: 5′-AGGCTTTCCCTCTCCGATCT-3′		 56
54
PlCalS9 F: 5′-CGGGGGCTTTTATGGACACT-3′
R: 5′-GAGGCCATTGAACCAAGGGA-3′		 54
54
PlCalS10 F: 5′-TTGACGACTGGACGAGTTGG-3′
R: 5′-GTACAACCCACGAGAAGCCA-3′		 54
54
PlCalS11 F: 5′-GCTACAGCTCGCGTCACTAT-3′
R: 5′-GCGAAGCTCTTATGCTGCAC-3′		 54
54
PlCalS12 F: 5′-TCCCTTCGATTCCCTGAGGT-3′
R: 5′-GGACGTTGTCGCGTTGAAAA-3′		 54
52
β-Tubulin F: 5′-TGAGCACCAAAGAAGTGGACGAAC-3′
R: 5′-CACACGCCTGAACATCTCCTGAA-3′		 57
57

Fig. 1

Pollen germination and pollen tube growth observation of P. lactiflora × P. lactiflora (×10) Pg: Pollen germination; Cs: Callose synthetase: Pt: Pollen tube. The same as below"

Fig. 2

Pollen germination and pollen tube growth observation of P. lactiflora × P. suffruticosa (×10)"

Fig. 3

Changes of callose content in stigmas after pollination"

Fig. 4

Changes of β-1,3-GA content in stigmas after pollination"

Fig. 5

Changes of ABA content in stigmas after pollination"

Fig. 6

Expression analysis of CalS gene in the stigma transcriptome of Paeonia lactiflora PL0101, PL0102, PL0103: Three biological replicates of P. lactiflora stigma sequencing samples that had been selfed for 24 h; PL0201, PL0202, PL0203: Three replicates of 24 h stigmata were hybridized; PL0301, PL0302, PL0303: Three replicates of 36 h stigmata were hybridized"

Table 3

Physicochemical properties of PlCalS proteins"

基因名称
Gene names		 预测分子式
Predicted molecular formula		 编码氨基酸数目
Number of encoded amino acids		 原子总数
Total number of atoms		 理论等电点
Theoretical isoelectric point		 不稳定系数
Instability coefficient		 总平均亲水性
GRAVY		 亚细胞定位预测
Prediction of subcellular localization
PlCalS1 C10286H15925N2695O2804S78 1946 31788 9.10 39.61 -0.101 内质网 Endoplasmic reticulum
PlCalS2 C9278H14324N2408O2498S75 1745 28583 9.10 40.71 -0.050 内质网 Endoplasmic reticulum
PlCalS3 C10334H15954N2702O2802S78 1951 31870 9.12 42.01 -0.097 内质网 Endoplasmic reticulum
PlCalS5 C10089H15587N2647O2739S79 1915 31141 8.95 42.27 -0.024 内质网 Endoplasmic reticulum
PlCalS9 C10048H15526N2612O2766S68 1910 31020 7.99 36.40 -0.001 内质网 Endoplasmic reticulum
PlCalS10 C9973H15397N2607O2748S68 1903 30793 8.45 38.86 0.009 内质网 Endoplasmic reticulum
PlCalS11 C9515H14625N2499O2549S62 1782 29250 9.13 41.37 -0.007 内质网 Endoplasmic reticulum
PlCalS12 C9547H14660N2500O2564S56 1780 29327 8.97 38.48 -0.030 内质网 Endoplasmic reticulum

Fig. 7

Conservative motif analysis of PlCalS protein in Paeonia lactiflora"

Fig. 8

Phylogenetic analysis of CalS family in P. lactiflora and other plants"

Fig. 9

The relative expression level of PlCalS in the stigmas of self-cross and hybridization in different periods"

Fig. 10

Amino acid sequence alignment of PlCalS5 with other species"

Fig. 11

Phylogenetic tree of PlCalS5 and the known CalS5 in the other plants species"

Fig. 12

Expression of PlCalS5 induced by different concentrations of ABA A: 10 μmol·L-1ABA; B: 100 μmol·L-1ABA"

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