氮肥减量下长期间作毛叶苕子根茬还田对玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.12.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Effects of long-term intercropping hairy vetch and its stubble returning on maize yield and nitrogen fertilizer contribution rate under nitrogen fertilizer reduction were studied, in order to provide a scientific basis for nitrogen fertilizer substitution and nitrogen resource efficient management in maize/hairy vetch intercropping system.【Method】The field experiment was carried out from 2014 to 2019 at scientific observing and experimental station of arable land conservation and agriculture environment of Gansu Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs. The monocropping maize treatment was set under the levels of no fertilization and conventional nitrogen fertilization, the intercropping system of maize with hairy vetch were set under 90%, 80%, 70%, 60% and 0% of conventional nitrogen application levels, and there were 7 treatments with 3 replicates in a field experiment by using a randomized block design. The changes of crop yield, economic benefits, partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer contribution rate were studied in long-term intercropping of maize with hairy vetch under different nitrogen fertilizer reductions.【Result】The long-term intercropping system of maize with hairy vetch and hairy vetch stubble returning had the obvious advantage for increasing maize yield, the yield increase advantage increased with the lengthening of intercropping years. Compared with conventional nitrogen fertilization, the hay yield of hairy vetch could be increased by 2 273.2 kg·hm^-2under the condition of ensuring stable maize grain yield, the total profit was 29 686 yuan/hm²and increased by 0.9%, and the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen agronomic efficiency were significantly increased by 20.7% and 14.7%, respectively, in the long-term intercropping system of maize with hairy vetch and hairy vetch stubble returning under the condition of reduced 20% nitrogen fertilizer. Compared with conventional nitrogen fertilization, although the maize grain yield was significantly reduced by 7.7%, the hay yield of hairy vetch could be increased by 2 319.34 kg·hm^-2, and the total profit was 28 652 yuan/hm², which was equivalent to that of conventional nitrogen fertilization, while the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen agronomic efficiency were significantly increased by 31.8% and 16.3%, respectively, in the long-term intercropping system of maize with hairy vetch and hairy vetch stubble returning under the condition of reduced 30% nitrogen fertilizer. Compared with conventional nitrogen fertilization, although the hay yield of hairy vetch could be increased by 2 303.09 kg·hm^-2, the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen agronomic efficiency were significantly increased by 48.8% and 23.8%, respectively; however, the maize grain yield was significantly decreased by 10.7%, and the total profit was only 27 929 yuan/hm², which was significantly lower than that of conventional nitrogen fertilization in the long-term intercropping system of maize with hairy vetch and hairy vetch stubble returning under the condition of reduced 40% nitrogen fertilizer.【Conclusion】If only maize grain yield was considered, 20% chemical nitrogen fertilizer could be substituted, and if total output value of maize and hairy vetch was considered, 30% chemical nitrogen fertilizer could be substituted, in maize/hairy vetch intercropping and hairy vetch stubble returning for 9 years under nitrogen fertilizer reduction in the production process of maize in Hexi oasis irrigation area of Gansu Province.

Key words: maize, hairy vetch, intercropping, hairy vetch root returning to field, fertilizer contribution rate, yield, nitrogen use efficiency, output value

LU BingLin,CHE ZongXian,ZHANG JiuDong,BAO XingGuo,WU KeSheng,YANG RuiJu. Effects of Long-Term Intercropping of Maize with Hairy Vetch Root Returning to Field on Crop Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Under Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(12): 2384-2397.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Table 1

Economic benefits in maize with hairy vetch intercropping system under nitrogen fertilizer reduction (yuan/hm2)"

处理 Treatment		玉米产值Output value of maize
处理 Treatment		2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2014-2019平均 Average
CK		17990±832c	15593±455 d	15447±445 e	15940±44 c	18702±1266 c	19413±901 d	17181±225 d
N₁₀₀		29932±557 a	29458±245 a	30456±856 a	29190±610 a	27592±445 a	29925±1071 a	29425±388 a
N₉₀V		30398±1480 a	29877±1321 a	30134±692 a	29197±587 a	27405±1180 a	30613±961 a	29604±863 a
N₈₀V		29371±1015 ab	28257±581 ab	28175±1100 b	28410±898 a	26635±1057 ab	29622±1099 ab	28412±666 ab
N₇₀V		28735±1124 ab	27223±612 bc	27388±1519 b	26320±1739 b	25135±906 b	28093±1518 b	27149±917 bc
N₆₀V		27475±1266 b	26066±992 c	24786±971 c	26028±879 b	25292±618 b	27988±855 b	26273±795 c
N₀V		18684±1860 c	14630±1605 d	17567±853 d	15505±1260 c	18002±1670 c	21583±440 c	17662±991 d
处理 Treatment		绿肥产值Output value of green manure
处理 Treatment		2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2014-2019年平均Average
CK		0	0	0	0	0	0	0
N₁₀₀		0	0	0	0	0	0	0
N₉₀V		2796±133 a	2691±225 a	2360±277 a	2895±400 b	2687±372 b	3200±139 a	2771±95 a
N₈₀V		2617±235 a	2641±388 a	2373±303 a	2881±280 b	2673±260 b	3182±177 a	2728±226 a
N₇₀V		2782±262 a	2727±361 a	2200±349 a	3125±216 ab	2647±220 b	3218±133 a	2783±161 a
N₆₀V		2810±109 a	2683±253 a	2160±423 a	2852±237 b	2900±200 ab	3177±144 a	2764±100 a
N₀V		2762±245 a	2825±344 a	2653±129 a	3398±174 a	3153±162 a	3184±180 a	2996±157 a
处理 Treatment	新增成本 Annual increase cost	合计收益 Total profit
处理 Treatment	新增成本 Annual increase cost	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2014-2019平均 Average
CK	-2804	20794±832 c	18397±454 c	18251±445 d	18744±44 d	21506±1266 c	22217±901 d	19985±901 d
N₁₀₀	0	29932±557 ab	29458±245 ab	30456±856 a	29190±610 abc	27592±445 ab	29925±1071 b	29425±1071 ab
N₉₀V	1627	31567±1377 a	30941±1513 a	30867±945 a	30465±349 a	28465±1391 a	32186±1096 a	30748±1096 a
N₈₀V	1453	30535±1139 ab	29445±917 ab	29095±1377 ab	29838±1060 ab	27855±1171 ab	31351±1082 ab	29686±1082 ab
N₇₀V	1280	30237±1174 ab	28670±703 b	28308±1694 b	28165±1841 bc	26502±776 b	30032±1641 b	28652±1641 bc
N₆₀V	1107	29178±1372 b	27643±1245 b	25839±1008 c	27773±939 c	27085±472 ab	30058±874 b	27929±874 c
N₀V	67	21379±2014 c	17388±1945 c	20153±912 d	18836±1334 d	21088±1531 c	24701±535 c	20591±535 d

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

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处理 Treatment	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2014-2019平均 Average
N₁₀₀	38.01±0.71 e	37.41±0.31 e	38.67±1.09 e	37.07±0.94 e	35.04±0.57 e	38.00±1.36 e	37.37±0.49 e
N₉₀V	42.89±2.09 d	42.15±1.86 d	42.52±0.98 d	41.20±0.83 d	38.67±1.67 d	43.19±1.36 d	41.77±1.22 d
N₈₀V	46.62±1.61 c	44.85±0.92 c	44.72±1.75 c	45.10±1.42 c	42.28±1.68 c	47.02±1.74 c	45.10±1.06 c
N₇₀V	52.13±2.04 b	49.38±1.11 b	49.68±2.75 b	47.75±3.16 b	45.60±1.65 b	50.96±2.75 b	49.25±1.66 b
N₆₀V	58.15±2.68 a	55.17±2.10 a	52.46±2.06 a	55.09±1.86 a	53.53±1.31 a	59.23±1.81 a	55.60±1.39 a

处理 Treatment	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2014-2019平均 Average
N₁₀₀	15.16±1.38 b	17.61±0.42 c	19.06±0.57 b	16.83±0.72 c	11.29±1.98 a	13.35±1.90 b	15.55±0.31 c
N₉₀V	17.51±0.98 ab	20.15±1.56 b	20.72±0.38 ab	18.70±0.77 b	12.28±2.26 a	15.80±0.17 ab	17.53±0.93 b
N₈₀V	18.06±1.81 ab	20.10±0.75 b	20.20±1.11 ab	19.79±1.37 ab	12.59±3.66 a	16.20±2.61 ab	17.83±0.72 b
N₇₀V	19.49±0.58 a	21.10±0.29 ab	21.66±2.21 a	18.83±3.09 b	11.67±0.97 a	15.75±1.19 ab	18.08±1.29 b
N₆₀V	20.07±2.43 a	22.17±1.34 a	19.77±1.13 b	21.35±1.78 a	13.95±3.55 a	18.15±2.94 a	19.24±0.92 a

处理 Treatment	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2014-2019平均 Average
N₁₀₀	39.88±3.17 a	47.07±1.28 a	49.28±0.42 a	45.38±1.01 a	32.18±5.28 a	35.06±4.14 a	41.47±0.53 a
N₉₀V	40.81±0.67 a	47.77±1.81 a	48.74±0.40 a	45.39±0.97 a	31.69±5.00 a	36.61±1.01 a	41.84±1.05 a
N₈₀V	38.72±3.09 a	44.82±1.30 b	45.16±0.84 b	43.86±1.65 a	29.59±7.64 ab	34.37±4.59 ab	39.42±0.78 b
N₇₀V	37.40±0.59 ab	42.73±0.39 c	43.53±2.14 b	39.26±3.92 b	25.64±2.67 b	30.88±0.82 b	36.57±1.31 c
N₆₀V	34.48±3.07 b	40.16±1.11 d	37.66±0.74 c	38.71±1.94 b	25.99±6.19 b	30.58±4.33 b	34.60±0.83 d

Effects of Long-Term Intercropping of Maize with Hairy Vetch Root Returning to Field on Crop Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Under Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction

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