Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (9): 1564-1573.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.09.008

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Decomposition Characteristics and Driving Factors of Organic Materials in Typical Farmland Soils in China

MA Xiang,XU MingGang,ZHAO HuiLi,DUAN YingHua()   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving of Arable Land, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2018-11-01 Accepted:2018-12-03 Online:2019-05-01 Published:2019-05-16
  • Contact: YingHua DUAN E-mail:duanyinghua@caas.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】Understanding of the dynamics and mechanisms of organic materials in soil are essential for improving the utilization of organic wastes and developing nutrient management strategies in many intensive farming regions around the world. The objective of this study was to elucidate the decomposition characteristics of straw and manure in typical farmland soils in China.【Method】The field experiment was conducted in three soils (Red soil, Aquic soil, and Black soil) at the “National Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects Long-term Monitoring Network” experimental station. Four organic materials (wheat straw (WS), maize straw (MS), pig manure (PM) and cattle manure (CM)) were dried and then packed separately into 48 μm-mesh size nylon net bag. Each bag contained 20 g organic materials was cut into 2 mm pieces. Based on the temperature difference, each treatment was sampled 6 times within 49-360 days after landfill. We analyzed the change of organic carbon content with soil accumulated temperature and residual rate during decomposition to study the relative contribution of climate factors, organic material properties and soil nutrients in the decomposition rate of different organic materials.【Result】Humification coefficient of straw and manure were 11%-39% and 50%-57%, respectively, suggesting faster decomposition of straw than manure. The organic labile decomposable carbon pool accounted for 76% and 43% at straw and manure, respectively, while recalcitrant carbon pool accounted for 17% and 53%, respectively. The decomposition rates constants (k) of labile decomposable carbon pool were similar in straw and manure, with an accumulated turnover temperature (1/k) of 1 400-2 000℃. VPA (variance decomposition analysis) analysis showed that the nature of the organic material, contributing 28% to the variance, was the main influencing factor in its decomposition. Individually, the greatest contributor during the decomposition of straw was the combined interaction of climate, organic material properties and soil (42.3%). In contrast, the decomposition of manure was mainly controlled by the climate (38.3%).【Conclusion】The decomposition rate and proportion of labile decomposable carbon pool in straw were higher than that of manure. The decomposition of straw was influenced by the synergistic effect of climate, soil and material properties, while manure was influenced mainly by climate factors. It was critical to determine the returning time and returning amount of straw in the field in combination with the local hydrothermal conditions. Manure was recommended to be piled up along with proper timing of its application before returning to the field.

Key words: straw, manure, fraction of carbon remaining, climate, carbon pool

Table 1

Soil properties at field experiment sites"

指标
Indicators		 有机碳
SOC (g·kg-1)		 全氮
TN (g·kg-1)		 全磷
TP (g·kg-1)		 全钾
TK (g·kg-1)		 速效磷
AP (mg·kg-1)		 速效钾
AK (g·kg-1)		 pH
黑土Black soil 15.1 1.31 0.60 24.0 6.95 0.11 7.85
潮土Fluvo-aquic soil 6.10 0.79 0.71 23.7 38.60 0.15 7.92
红壤Red soil 10.04 1.10 0.92 15.6 23.80 0.12 5.25

Table 2

Carbon and nitrogen content in various organic matter"

有机物料
Organic matters		 有机碳
Organic carbon (g·kg-1)		 全氮
Total nitrogen (g·kg-1)		 碳氮比
C/N
小麦秸秆
Wheat straw		 396.3 6.23 63.00
玉米秸秆
Maize straw		 396.6 7.47 53.10
猪粪
Pig manure		 233.4 20.32 11.49
牛粪
Cattle manure		 293.5 23.43 12.53

Fig. 1

Dynamic change of organic matter residual under different decay time WS, MS, PM, CM represents wheat straw, maize straw, pig manure and cattle manure, respectively. The same as below"

Table 3

Humification coefficient of organic materials (%)"

处理Treatments 小麦秸秆WS 玉米秸秆MS 猪粪PM 牛粪CM
公历年
1 calendar year		 黑土 Black soil 39.03±4.06Ab 37.30±0.25Ab 56.50±4.30Aa 55.93±1.35Aa
潮土 Fluvo-aquic soil 28.59±0.97Bb 24.12±1.64Bb 56.07±6.41ABa 54.66±1.15Aa
红壤 Red soil 10.50±0.58Cd 12.98±1.09Cc 50.07±0.37Bb 56.67±0.32Aa
积温年1 thermal year 25.5 24 57.4 57.8

Fig. 2

The cumulative soil temperature fitting curve of organic material decay rate"

Fig. 3

The relative contribution of different types of factors to organic materials decomposition C=climate condition, O=organic matter properties, S=soil characters; Climate condition include Accumulated temperature and Accumulated precipitation; Organic matter properties include Organic matter carbon, Organic matter nitrogen and Organic matter moisture; Soil characters include Soil moisture, Soil organic carbon, Soil total nitrogen and soil dissolved carbon. The same as below"

Table 4

The contribution rate of climate, organic matter properties and soil characters to the decomposition of straw and manure"

因子
Category		 秸秆 Straw 粪肥 Manure
解释率 Contribution (%) 显著性P-value 解释率Contribution (%) 显著性P-value
气候Climate (C) 6.5 0.001 38.3 0.001
物料Organic material (O) 2.8 0.001 5.4 0.001
土壤Soil (S) 1.7 0.036 12.9 0.001
交互作用Interaction
C×O 20.4 15.7
C×S 12.1 0.6
S×O 2.1 2.3
C×S×O 42.3 6.9
Total 88.2 0.001 82.1 0.001
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