陕西灌区高产春玉米物质生产与氮素积累特性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.12.005

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this paper is to study the dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in high-yielding spring maize under irrigated conditions of Shaanxi in order to realize high and stable yield in this area. 【Method】A field experiment was conducted by different agronomic managements with the high-yielding variety shandan609 as materials from 2013 to 2015. High yielding cultivations were practiced, and then the yield and yield component, LAI, SPAD, characteristics of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation were analyzed based on the maize high-yielding cultivation. 【Result】The average yields under farmers’ practice, higher yielding cultivation, super high yielding cultivation were 11.1, 13.1 and 16.1 t·hm^-2, respectively, and 18.0% and 45.1% higher than those of control. Compared with the control, the higher yielding and super high-yielding cultivation had lower kernels per ear and thousand-kernel weights, but produced more ear number per hectare. More ears were the key to achieve maize high yield potential. The harvest indexes of higher yielding and super high-yielding cultivation were higher than that of farmers’ practice. Similarly, compared with the control, the higher yielding and super high-yielding cultivation showed more dry matter and nitrogen accumulation from silking to maturity and at maturity. In the super high-yielding cultivation, 41.8% greater dry matter production and 24.5% more nitrogen uptake after silking contributed 20.1% more to grain yield and 61.6% to grain nitrogen. Compared with the control, the higher yielding and super high-yielding cultivation also significantly increased LAI and SPAD values after silking. Grain yield was highly correlated with post-silking dry matter accumulation (r=0.988), and post-silking nitrogen accumulation (r=0.927). 【Conclusion】The results indicate that higher grain yield can be achieved by using integrated and optimized cultivation techniques under irrigated conditions of Shaanxi. The super high-yielding cultivation of spring maize has stronger photosynthetic potential, more dry matter and nitrogen accumulation (especially post-silking) and post-silking dry matter and nitrogen accumulation contributing to grain yield, thus providing a basis for production of super high-yield maize. The present study highlighted the benefits of integrating nutrient and agronomic management with matching the supply and demand of nitrogen to achieve maize high yield under irrigated conditions of Shaanxi.

Key words: spring maize, high yielding cultivation, dry matter production, nitrogen accumulation, grain yield

ZHANG RenHe, WANG BoXin, YANG YongHong, YANG XiaoJun, MA XiangFeng, HANG XingHua, HAO YinChuan, XUE JiQuan. Characteristics of Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation for High-Yielding Maize Production Under Irrigated Conditions of Shaanxi[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(12): 2238-2246.

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Characteristics of Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation for High-Yielding Maize Production Under Irrigated Conditions of Shaanxi

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