Abstract: 【Objective】The effects of fertilization and precipitation on the nutrient budget of N, P, and K in farmland soil and the Fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency were studied. 【Method】 The results of a consecutive sixteen years field trial and meteorological observation data were used. 【Result】 The quantity of maize nutrients transferred from the system increased by a factor 2～3 in different fertilization conditions and it was more significantly influenced by fertilization than precipitation. But the precipitation was very important to increase Fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency. Application of nitrogen fertilizer accelerated a large deficit of soil phosphorus, and the use of nitrogen and phosphorus accelerated the deficit of potassium. The process of deficit of soil nutrient was shortened with improving of precipitation condition. 【Conclusion】The use of recycled nutrients with an appropriate use of fertilizers according to the soil fertility could produce higher crop yields, balance soil nutrient budget, and reduce environmental pollution from agro-ecosystem.

Key words: long-term fertilization trial, precipitation, fertilization, soil nutrient budget, Fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency