Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (23): 4684-4695.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.23.010

• PLANT PROTECTION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Identification of Viruses Infecting Bottle Gourd in Guangdong Province and Establishment of Multiplex RT-PCR Detection Method

SU Qi1,2(), TANG YaFei2, SHE XiaoMan2, LAN GuoBing2, YU Lin2, WU ZhengWei1, LI ZhengGang2(), HE ZiFu2()   

  1. 1 College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong
    2 Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640
  • Received:2023-08-04 Accepted:2023-08-27 Online:2023-12-04 Published:2023-12-04
  • Contact: LI ZhengGang, HE ZiFu

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this research is to determine the various viruses that infect bottle gourd, establish a multiplex RT-PCR detection method that can simultaneously detect multiple bottle gourd viruses, so as to enhance the efficiency of identifying bottle gourd virus species, and provide a foundation for accurate prevention and control of bottle gourd viral diseases.【Method】From 2018 to 2022, 78 bottle gourd samples of suspected virus infection were collected from the main planting areas of bottle gourd in Guangdong Province, including Guangzhou, Huizhou, Qingyuan, Shantou, and Zhanjiang. The collected samples were sorted by region and symptom, and the total RNA of each sample was extracted. The RNA samples with similar symptoms from each region were mixed for small RNA deep sequencing analysis. According to the results of small RNA deep sequencing analysis, specific primers were designed for RT-PCR verification to identify the specific virus species infecting bottle gourd in Guangdong Province. Six viruses with higher incidence and more losses were selected, and multiplex PCR detection primers based on the GenBank database were designed. After optimizing the reaction system and conditions, a method for simultaneous detection of all six viruses via multiplex RT-PCR was established.【Result】A total of 12 viruses were detected in 78 bottle gourd samples of suspected virus infection. These viruses were ranked in order of infection rate, from highest to lowest: Lagenaria siceraria alphaendornavirus (LSEV) (64.1%), cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) (62.8%), zucchini tigre mosaic virus (ZTMV) (51.3%), watermelon green mottle mosaic virus (WGMMV) (43.6%), watermelon virus A (WVA) (32.1%), papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) (19.2%), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) (9.0%), cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) (7.7%), squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV) (7.7%), cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) (5.1%), cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) (3.8%), melon yellow spot virus (MYSV) (1.3%). It was found that 80.8% of the 78 samples were infected with multiple viruses. The types of mixed infection included 2 viruses (14.1%), 3 viruses (16.7%), 4 viruses (23.1%), 5 viruses (17.9%), 6 viruses (7.7%) and 7 viruses (1.3%), respectively. The WVA+CCYV+ZTMV+PRSV primers were added firstly in the multiplex RT-PCR system, followed by the WGMMV+ CGMMV primers after 12 reaction cycles. The volumes of primers were used: WVA 0.5 μL, CCYV 0.5 μL, CGMMV 0.4 μL, WGMMV 0.4 μL, ZTMV 0.6 μL, and PRSV 0.6 μL. Thus, a multiplex RT-PCR assay capable of simultaneously amplifying six viruses was established.【Conclusion】There are 12 primary viruses that infect bottle gourd in Guangdong Province. Among them, CGMMV, ZTMV, WGMMV, and WVA are the most predominant viruses. Mixed infection is a commonly observed phenomenon, with three, four, and five viruses’ co-infection being the most prevalent types. A multiplex RT-PCR detection method has been developed to simultaneously identify six viruses in bottle gourd, which improves the detection efficiency of virus species in bottle gourd.

Key words: bottle gourd, virus disease, small RNA deep sequencing, RT-PCR detection, multiplex PCR method

Table 1

Primers used for conventional PCR detection"

引物Primer 序列Sequence 扩增长度Amplification length (bp) Tm (℃)
WGMMV-F TGACCAGTCTATTCTGGACGT 1200 55
WGMMV-R TAAGGCAGCAATTTCGAGAGT
CCYV-F GCCATAACCATTACGGGAGA 389 55
CCYV-R CGCAGTGAAAAACCCAAACT
CGMMV-F AGACGCTCATTTACTATCAACG 1080 55
CGMMV-R AGACTCGACTACAGAAGCTC
CYSDV-F TGTTTATGAAATCCGTTTGTGATAGTCT 853 55
CYSDV-R GACTGCATATTAGCACTTATTAACCA
LSEV-F ATTCCTGGGCAACATTTAATGAT 1280 55
LSEV-R TACCTGGAATTCTGCAACCT
MYSV-F GAAAATCCAAGAACTTCTTAGTGGTG 775 55
MYSV-R CTTTACTCTTAGAAGAGCTCTCACCC
CABYV-F ACACCCAGTACATCTGGGAA 888 55
CABYV-R CAAAACCGGAGCAGTCAG
PRSV-F TCAACGTCGGAACTAGTGGAAC 700 55
PRSV-R ATTACGCATACCCAGGAGAGAG
SLCCNV-F ACAACATGTGGGATCCACTTAT 548 60
SLCCNV-R GTCTTGATATTTTCGTCCATCCAT
WVA-F AATGGGAGGCTCAATAAATGTATT 1350 55
WVA-R GCATTCCTGCATCCTTCATT
ZTMV-F ACTGTTCCTCGAATTAAAACATTTACTGA 660 55
ZTMV-R TCCAAGGAGAGAGTGCATGTC
ZYMV-F ACTCAGAATCTCAAGCTCTCAT 1153 55
ZYMV-R AGCAATAATATGTATGGGTCATCG

Table 2

Primers for multiplex RT-PCR detection"

引物Primer 序列Sequence 扩增长度Amplification length (bp) 体积<BOLD>V</BOLD>olume (μL) Tm (℃)
WVA-F AATGGGAGGCTCAATAAATGTATT 1514 0.5 55
WVA-R CTCTCCTCCATTCATATCTGCT 0.5
CCYV-F ACAACAAATCCTTAGGGTGTCTG 750 0.5 55
CCYV-R CGAATACAAACAATAACGCGTCCA 0.5
CGMMV-F GTATTCGATGCAGTTACAAGTATAATAGC 600 0.4 55
CGMMV-R CGCTGAGGTTGGCTGACA 0.4
WGMMV-F GTCGCACAGAGACGAATTAGT 452 0.4 55
WGMMV-R AATCGCGACGAATCTCT 0.4
ZTMV-F AATCAAAGGATGGCGCCGT 344 0.6 55
ZTMV-R GTGGCACGCGTGTTTGA 0.6
PRSV-F CAGCCAATCAAAGCTGGGG 212 0.6 55
PRSV-R GCCTTCGCTTGCTTCAATTGTA 0.6

Fig. 1

Virus disease symptoms of bottle gourd in the fields"

Table 3

The viruses detected in 78 bottle gourd samples"

病毒名称<BOLD>V</BOLD>irus name 科Family 属Genus
瓜类褪绿黄化病毒Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) 长线形病毒科Closteroviridae 毛形病毒属Crinivirus
黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) 杆状病毒科Virgaviridae 烟草花叶病毒属Tobamovirus
葫芦内源RNA病毒Lagenaria siceraria alphaendornavirus (LSEV) 内生病毒科Endornaviridae 甲型内源病毒属Alphaendornavirus
甜瓜黄斑病毒Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV) 番茄斑萎病毒科Tospoviridae 正番茄斑萎病毒属Orthotospovirus
番木瓜环斑病毒Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) 马铃薯Y病毒科Potyviridae 马铃薯Y病毒属Potyvirus
中国南瓜曲叶病毒Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV) 双生病毒科Geminiviridae 菜豆金黄花叶病毒属Begomovirus
西瓜病毒A Watermelon virus A (WVA) 乙型线状病毒科Betaflexiviridae 西瓜病毒A属Wamavirus
西瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒Watermelon green mottle mosaic virus (WGMMV) 杆状病毒科Virgaviridae 烟草花叶病毒属Tobamovirus
小西葫芦虎纹花叶病毒Zucchini tigre mosaic virus (ZTMV) 马铃薯Y病毒科Potyviridae 马铃薯Y病毒属Potyvirus
瓜类黄矮失调病毒Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) 长线形病毒科Closteroviridae 毛形病毒属Crinivirus
瓜类蚜传黄化病毒Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) 黄症病毒科Luteoviridae 马铃薯卷叶病毒属Polerovirus
小西葫芦黄花叶病毒Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) 马铃薯Y病毒科Potyviridae 马铃薯Y病毒属Potyvirus

Fig. 2

Statistical analysis of virus infection in bottle gourd samples"

Table 4

Types and numbers of viral mixed infection"

复合侵染类型<BOLD>M</BOLD>ixed infection type 感染病样数Number of infected samples
2种病毒
Two viruses
CGMMV+WVA 5
CGMMV+WGMMV 2
CGMMV+ZTMV 1
LSEV+ZTMV 1
WVA+PRSV 1
WGMMV+LSEV 1
3种病毒
Three viruses
LSEV+ZTMV+ZYMV 1
CGMMV+ ZTMV+ZYMV 1
CGMMV+PRSV+WGMMV 1
CGMMV+WGMMV+WVA 1
CGMMV+LSEV+WGMMV 1
CGMMV+ LSEV+ZTMV 2
LSEV+ZTMV+WVA 1
LSEV+WGMMV+CABYV 1
LSEV+SLCCNV+WGMMV 1
LSEV+WGMMV+ZTMV 2
LSEV+ZTMV+PRSV 1
4种病毒
Four viruses
LSEV+ZYMV+ZTMV+WVA 1
CGMMV+MYSV+PRSV+WGMMV 1
CGMMV+WVA+LSEV+WGMMV 4
ZTMV+LSEV+PRSV+CGMMV 1
WGMMV+CGMMV+LSEV+ZTMV 6
WGMMV+WVA+LSEV+ZTMV 1
ZTMV+LSEV+CGMMV+WVA 1
LSEV+SLCCNV+WGMMV+PRSV 1
LSEV+SLCCNV+WGMMV+ZTMV 1
LSEV+WGMMV+ZTMV+PRSV 1
5种病毒
Five viruses
CGMMV+WVA+LSEV+ZTMV+WGMMV 5
ZTMV+LSEV+PRSV+WGMMV+CGMMV 2
ZTMV+ZYMV+WGMMV+LSEV+PRSV 1
ZTMV+ZYMV+WGMMV+LSEV+CGMMV 1
CGMMV+LSEV+WGMMV+ZTMV+CABYV 2
LSEV+SLCCNV+WGMMV+ZTMV+PRSV 1
LSEV+WGMMV+WVA+ZTMV+PRSV 1
LSEV+SLCCNV+WGMMV+WVA+PRSV 1
6种病毒
Six viruses
WVA+ZYMV+LSEV+CGMMV+WGMMV+ZTMV 1
ZTMV+ZYMV+WGMMV+LSEV+CGMMV+PRSV 1
CCYV+CGMMV+LSEV+WGMMV+ZTMV+CYSDV 1
CGMMV+LSEV+SLCCNV+WGMMV+ZTMV+CABYV 1
CCYV+CGMMV+LSEV+WGMMV+CABYV+CYSDV 1
CCYV+LSEV+WGMMV+WVA+ZTMV+PRSV 1
7种病毒 Seven viruses CCYV+CGMMV+LSEV+WGMMV+ZTMV+CABYV+CYSDV 1

Fig. 3

The proportion of mixed infection with different types of viruses in the 78 samples"

Fig. 4

The detection results of multiple RT-PCR and single primer pair RT-PCR"

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