单株小麦生理生态控制的等距单粒线播法研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.02.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The benefit of uniform distance single seed linear seeding method could be due to its tracing position and relative stable space assigned to each individual plant in the seeding stage. Thus, the precision seeding of wheat using an uniform distance single seed linear seeding (UDSSLS) was investigated and its density effect on wheat seedling and maturing stages were analyzed in this study. 【Method】Wheat species of Ningmai 13 was used for no-till post-paddy field experiment by using UDSSLS method in 2017 and 2018. Wheat seed was linear sowing in single seed and keeping seed-to-seed distance uniformly, in 1.5 (T1.5), 3.0 (T3) and 4.5 cm (T4.5), respectively. Row distance was 20 cm. Physiological and ecological monitoring and analyzing on the stand, individual plant and organic scales were made in both seedling and maturing stages. 【Result】 The stable density effect was created with the UDSSLS seeding method. And the density effect could be expressed in both the stand, the individual plant, and the organ level. A small seed distance significantly increased the 50% emergence days. Seed grain yield of the stand increased with reduced seed distance, while no significance was observed between T1.5 and T3, while which under T4.5 was significantly lower than that under other treatments. In the stand level, stem weight and ear weight under T1.5 and T3 were significantly lower than that under T4.5. In the individual plant level, however, plant ear number, ear-bearing grain number and grain yield increased significantly with increased seed distance. No difference was observed for 1000-grain weight. Above-ground biomass yield, ear biomass and stem weight were also increased with enlarged seed distance, which clearly explained a density compensation effect. In the individual level, the distribution of each indices were observed to shift from normal distribution to L shaped distribution. In the organic level, no significant difference was observed on ear grain yield and 1000-grain weight. Only ear grain number varied amid the 2 years. No significant difference was observed for above-ground biomass, leaf weight, stem weight and ear weight under different treatments. 【Conclusion】 The UDSSLS method created stable density effect on wheat, which could be observed in both seedling and maturing staged and quantified on the stand, individual plant and organic level. Complicated interactions existed among different phenomics and scales of observation. It thus might be concluded that UDSSLS could be potentially used for wheat physiology and ecology studies.

Key words: precision seeding, uniform distance single seed linear seeding, density effect, yield effect, emergence rate

LI Pei, HE RuiYin, WANG XiaoChan, DING QiShuo. Uniform Distance Single Seed Linear Seeding Method for Control of Wheat Physiology and Ecology[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(2): 295-306.

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	叶重 Leaf weight (kg• hm^-2)	茎秆重 Stem weight (kg• hm^-2)	穗重 Ear weight (kg• hm^-2)	地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass (kg• hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index
2016-2017	T1.5	2199.3a	2577.5a	7861.5a	12638.3a	0.412a
	T3	2159.9a	2666.2a	8013.3a	12839.4a	0.392a
	T4.5	1779.8a	2159.2b	6661.8b	10600.9a	0.382a
2017-2018	T1.5	2605.7a	3193.6a	9015.4a	14814.7a	0.362a
	T3	2661.5a	2944.3ab	8292.9ab	13898.9ab	0.377a
	T4.5	2070.2a	2703.2b	7630.7b	12404.1b	0.373a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗数 Number of spikes (×10⁴•hm^-2)	总结实粒数 Total kernels (×10⁴•hm^-2)	千粒重 1000 grain weight (g)	总产量 Total yield (kg• hm^-2)
2016-2017	T1.5	500.0a	22566.7ab	26.5a	5972.9a
	T3	508.3a	24352.8a	23.8a	5787.4a
	T4.5	400.0b	19602.8b	23.9a	4652.5b
2017-2018	T1.5	468.5a	16274.1ab	37.7a	6136.9a
	T3	435.2a	16694.4a	36.1a	6016.4a
	T4.5	361.1b	14316.7b	37.2a	5301.4b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	单株穗数 Spikes per plant	单株结实粒数 Kernels per plant	单株千粒重 1000 grain weight (g)	单株产量 Yield per plant (g)	出苗率 Seeding rate (%)
2016-2017	T1.5	2.470c	111.841c	26.690a	2.963c	60.5b
	T3	4.243b	202.967b	23.593a	4.834b	72.0a
	T4.5	4.987a	245.862a	23.807a	5.831a	71.9a
2017-2018	T1.5	2.348c	81.492c	37.713a	3.074c	60.0b
	T3	3.312b	127.061b	36.096a	4.588b	78.9a
	T4.5	4.283a	167.918a	37.173a	6.229a	76.7a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	叶重 Leaf weight (g)	茎秆重 Stem weight (g)	麦穗重 Ear weight (g)	地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass (g)	收获指数 Harvest index
2016-2017	T1.5	1.087b	1.278c	3.901c	6.266c	0.409a
	T3	1.796a	2.230b	6.665b	10.691b	0.391a
	T4.5	2.391a	2.701a	8.342a	13.434a	0.379a
2017-2018	T1.5	1.323b	1.600c	4.514c	7.437c	0.362a
	T3	2.012ab	2.251b	6.320b	10.582b	0.377a
	T4.5	2.424a	3.173a	8.949a	14.546a	0.373a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	千粒重 1000 grain weight (g)		结实粒数 Kernels per ear		产量 Yield per ear (g)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	均值 Average value	cv	均值 Average value	cv	均值 Average value	cv
2016-2017	T1.5	25.888a	0.228	45.489a	0.261	1.209a	0.387
	T3	23.188a	0.208	48.093a	0.278	1.145a	0.398
	T4.5	23.202a	0.213	49.284a	0.281	1.172a	0.384
2017-2018	T1.5	37.230a	0.158	34.749b	0.419	1.310a	0.459
	T3	36.096a	0.120	38.363a	0.296	1.384a	0.330
	T4.5	37.173a	0.169	39.225a	0.318	1.455a	0.391

Uniform Distance Single Seed Linear Seeding Method for Control of Wheat Physiology and Ecology

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	叶重 Leaf weight (g)		茎秆重 Stem weight (g)		麦穗重 Spike weight (g)		地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass (g)		收获指数 Harvest index
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	均值 Average value	cv	均值 Average value	cv	均值 Average value	cv	均值 Average value	cv	均值 Average value	cv
2016-2017	T1.5	0.436a	0.432	0.520a	0.312	1.589a	0.347	2.545a	0.317	0.404a	0.170
	T3	0.427a	0.375	0.528a	0.275	1.581a	0.346	2.536a	0.316	0.382a	0.159
	T4.5	0.484a	0.297	0.541a	0.266	1.677a	0.323	2.702a	0.294	0.369a	0.183
2017-2018	T1.5	0.554a	0.482	0.682a	0.467	1.925a	0.431	3.160a	0.420	0.359a	0.179
	T3	0.609a	0.383	0.679a	0.340	1.908a	0.299	3.195a	0.298	0.377a	0.145
	T4.5	0.565a	0.351	0.741a	0.369	2.092a	0.309	3.398a	0.304	0.373a	0.201