环境因子对腐烂病菌在苹果枝条木质部内生长扩展的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.17.005

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The growth and extension of Valsa mali in the xylem of apple branches was an important cause of the occurrence of Valsa canker on pruning wounds and the recurrence of old lesions. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of environmental factors on the growth and extension of V. mali in the xylem of apple branches, and to provide the basis and reference for the epidemic prediction and control of the disease.【Method】By inoculating the pathogen to the pruning wounds of detached Fuji apple branches and detecting the extended distance of V. mali in the xylem with living bark, the effects of temperature, relative water content and age of branches on extension of the pathogen in the xylem of apple branch were tested. By inoculating the pathogen to the pruning wounds of Fuji apple branches in vitro and in vivo, the dynamics of annual growth of V. mali in the xylem was investigated systematically. Through in vitro culture, the growth rate of V. mali in medium made of different tissues of apple branch was surveyed.【Result】V. mali could grow and expand by using the water-soluble nutrients in xylem, and the extension rate of V. mali in the xylem was significantly faster than that in the cortex of apple branch. In the range of 5-35℃, V. mali could grow and expand in both xylem and cortex of apple branches, and the optimum temperature was 30℃. In the xylem of the branches soaked in the distilled water for 24 h, the spreading distance of V. mali was significantly shorter than that of un-soaked branches. When the relative water content of the branches was greater than 90%, the growth rate of V. mali in the xylem was faster. However, when the relative water content of the branch was less than 90%, the growth and extension of V. mali in the xylem was significantly inhibited. The extension rate of V. mali in the xylem of current year apple branch was significantly faster than that in the xylem of the two to three years branch. In the xylem of the branches treated with high temperature, the growth rate of V. mali was significantly faster than that of the untreated branches. V. mali could grow normally in the medium made of xylem powder, phloem powder, xylem extract and phloem extract of apple branches, and its growth rate and growth amount were not lower than those in PDA. The number of aerial mycelia in phloem medium was more than that in xylem medium. Under natural conditions, the growth and extension rate of V. mali inoculated on pruning wound was mainly affected by temperature. The growth rate of V. mali in vivo Fuji branches was very slow from December to March and relatively fast from March to November. 【Conclusion】 V. mali can grow by using the water-soluble nutrients in the xylem,and the growth rate in the xylem was significantly faster than that in the cortex of apple branch. The growth rate of V. mali in xylem is mainly affected by temperature, water content of branches, density of xylem and so on.

Key words: Valsa canker; Valsa mali, xylem, growth and extension, environmental factors

WANG XiaoHuan, PAN TongTong, LIAN Sen, WANG CaiXia, LI BaoHua. Effects of Environmental Factors on the Growth and Extension of Valsa mali in the Xylem of Apple Branches[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(17): 3291-3301.

0
/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

URL: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.17.005

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/Y2018/V51/I17/3291

References

[1] 陈策, 李美娜, 史秀琴, 王金有. 苹果树腐烂病(Valsa malimiyabe et Yamada)侵染时期研究.植物病理学报, 1987, 17(2): 65-68.

CHEN C, LI M N, SHI X Q, WANG J Y. Studies on the infection period of Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamada, the causal agent of apple tree canker. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 1987, 17(2): 65-68. (in Chinese)

[2] 王彩霞, 董向丽, 张振芳, 李桂舫, 李保华. 2011年烟台苹果产区腐烂病发病情况调查与原因分析. 植物保护, 2012, 38(3): 136-138.

WANG C X, DONG X L, ZHANG Z F, LI G F, LI B H. Outbreak and the reasons of apple valsa canker in Yantai apple production area in 2011. Plant Protection, 2012, 38(3): 136-138. (in Chinese)

[3] 陈策. 苹果树腐烂病发生规律和防治研究. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2009: 9-17.

CHEN C. Studies on occurrence rules and control of apple valsa canker. Beijing: China’s Agricultural Science and Technology press, 2009: 9-17. (in Chinese)

[4] 王金友, 李美娜, 史秀琴, 陈策. 苹果树腐烂病病疤重犯原因的研究. 中国果树, 1985(9): 37-42.

WANG J Y, LI M N, SHI X Q, CHEN C. Reason of reoccurrence of valsa canker lesion on apple tree. China Fruits, 1985(9): 37-42. (in Chinese)

[5] CHEN C, LI B H, DONG X L, WANG C X, LIAN S, LIANG W X. Effects of temperature, humidity, and wound age on valsa mali infection of apple shoot pruning wounds. Plant Disease, 2016, 100(12): 2394-2401.

[6] 李美娜, 王金友. 苹果树腐烂病病原菌来源的探讨. 北方果树, 1990(2): 28-30.

LI M N, WANG J Y. The pathogen origin of apple tree valsa canker. Northern Fruits, 1990(2): 28-30. (in Chinese)

[7] 曾士迈. 宏观植物病理学. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2005.

ZENG S M. Macro-phytopathology. Beijing: China Agriculture press, 2005. (in Chinese)

[8] 曹克强, 国立耘, 李保华, 孙广宇, 陈汉杰. 中国苹果树腐烂病发生和防治情况调查. 植物保护, 2009, 35(2): 114-117.

CAO K Q, GUO L Y, LI B H, SUN G Y, CHEN H J. Investigations on the occurrence and control of apple canker in China. Plant Protection, 2009, 35(2): 114-117. (in Chinese)

[9] 胡清玉, 胡同乐, 王亚南, 王树桐, 曹克强. 中国苹果病害发生与分布现状调查. 植物保护, 2016, 42(1): 175-179.

HU Q Y, HU T L, WANG Y N, WANG S T, CAO K Q. Survey on the occurrence and distribution of apple disease in China. Plant Protection, 2016, 42(1): 175-179. (in Chinese)

[10] 王彩霞, 张清明, 李桂舫, 董向丽, 李保华. 苹果树腐烂病拮抗细菌菌株BJ1的鉴定及其抑菌作用. 植物保护学报, 2012, 39(5): 431-437.

WANG C X, ZHANG Q M, LI G F, DONG X L, LI B H. Identification of the antagonistic bacteria BJ1 and its antifungal activity against Valsa ceratosperma. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 2012, 39(5): 431-437. (in Chinese)

[11] 尹宝重, 刘博燕, 刘盼, 张月辰. 苹果树皮内生菌对苹果树腐烂病的防治效果. 江苏农业科学, 2017, 45(10): 84-86.

YIN B Z, LIU B Y, LIU P, ZHANG Y C. Control effect of endophytic bacteria from apple bark on apple tree valsa canker. Jiangsu Agricultural Science, 2017, 45(10): 84-86. (in Chinese)

[12] 赵增锋, 曹克强. 苹果树腐烂病流行分析及防治建议. 中国果树, 2011(1): 61-63.

ZHAO Z F, CAO K Q. Analysis on the epidemic and suggestions on prevention of apple tree valsa canker. China Fruits, 2011(1): 61-63. (in Chinese)

[13] 刘福昌, 陈策, 史秀琴, 郭进贵, 邢祖芳, 张学炜. 陈延熙. 苹果树腐烂病菌(Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamada)潜伏侵染研究. 植物保护学报, 1979, 6(3): 1-8.

LIU F C, CHEN C, SHI X Q, GUO J G, XING Z F, ZHANG X W, CHEN Y X. Studies on the latent infection of thecausal organism of valsa canker of apple. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 1979, 6(3): 1-8. (in Chinese)

[14] 牟惠芳, 刘开启. 苹果树腐烂病病斑连发机制及病原铲除技术的研究. 落叶果树, 1994(4): 8-10, 14.

MU H F,LIU K Q. Study on the continuous occurrence mechanism and its pathogen eradication of apple tree valsa canker. Deciduous Fruits, 1994(4): 8-10, 14. (in Chinese)

[15] 张王斌, 王兰, 安德荣, 刘向阳. 苹果树腐烂病发生危害与相关因子调查. 中国果树, 2006(2): 28-31.　

ZHANG W B, WANG L, AN D R, LIU X Y. Investigation on the occurrence, damage and related factors of apple tree valsa canker. China Fruits,2006(2): 28-31. (in Chinese)

[16] 李保华, 练森, 王彩霞, 董向丽, 张振芳. 从病菌自剪锯口木质部侵染再谈苹果树腐烂病的防治. 中国果树, 2017(2): 88-90.

LI B H, LIAN S, WANG C X, DONG X L, ZHANG Z F. Discussion on the prevention of apple tree valsa canker by V. mali infection the xylem through the pruning wounds. China Fruits, 2017(2): 88-90. (in Chinese)

[17] FENG H, XU M, LIU Y, GAO X N, YIN Z Y, VOEGELE R T, HUANG L L. The distinct roles of Argonaute protein 2 in the growth, stress responses and pathogenicity of the apple tree canker pathogen. Forest Pathology, 2017, 47: e12354.

[18] SONG N, DAI Q Q, ZHU B T, WU Y X, XU M, VOEGELE R T, GAO X N, KANG Z S, HUANG L L. Gα proteins Gvm2 and Gvm3 regulate vegetative growth, asexual development, and pathogenicity on apple in Valsa mali. Plos One, 2017, 12(3): e0173141.

[19] WU Y X, XU L S, LIU J, YIN Z Y, GAO X N, FENG H, HUANG L L. A mitogen-activated protein kinase gene (VmPmk1) regulates virulence and cell wall degrading enzyme expression in Valsa mali. Microbial Pathogenesis, 2017, 111: 298-306.

[20] FENG H, XU M, LIU Y Y, DONG R Q, GAO X N, HUANG L L. Dicer-like genes are required for H₂O₂ and KCl stress responses, pathogenicity and small RNA generation in Valsa mali. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2017, 8: Article 1166.

[21] KE X W, HUANG L L, HAN Q M, GAO X N, KANG Z S. Histological and cytological investigations of the infection and colonization of apple bark by Valsa mali var. mali. Australasian Plant Pathology, 2013, 42: 85-93.

[22] YIN Z Y, LIU H Q, LI Z P, KE X W, DOU D L, GAO X N, SONG N, DAI Q Q, WU Y X, XU J R, KANG Z S, HUANG L L. Genome sequence of Valsa canker pathogens uncovers a potential adaptation of colonization of woody bark. New Phytologist, 2015, 208(4): 1202-1216.

[23] NATSUME H, SETO H, OTAKE N. Studies on apple canker disease. The necrotic toxins produced by Valsa ceratosperma. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 1982, 46(8): 2101-2106.

[24] 史祥鹏. 苹果树腐烂病菌木聚糖酶基因的克隆和功能分析[D]. 青岛: 青岛农业大学, 2016.

SHI X P. Cloning and function analysis of xylanase genes of valsa mali var. mali[D]. Qingdao: Qingdao Agricultural University, 2016. (in Chinese)

[25] 李婷, 练森, 李保华, 梁文星, 王彩霞. 苹果树腐烂病菌β-葡萄糖苷酶基因的克隆及表达分析. 华北农学报, 2017, 32(6): 78-84.

LI T, LIAN S, LI B H, LIANG W X, WANG C X. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of β-glucosidase gene from Valsa mali var. mali. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Simica, 2017, 32(6): 78-84. (in Chinese)

[26] 刘福昌, 李关娜, 王永淦. 苹果树腐烂病菌致病因素——果胶酶的初步探讨. 中国果树, 1980(4): 45-48.

LIU F C, LI G N, WANG Y G. Pathogenic factor of Valsa ceratosperma-Preliminary discussion of pectinase. China fruits, 1980(4): 45-48. (in Chinese)

[27] 王娟, 马强, 庄霞, 杨丽萍. 苹果树腐烂病病原菌分泌物中果胶酶的测定. 内蒙古农业科技, 2009(4): 39-40.

WANG J, MA Q, ZHUANG X, YANG L P. Determination of pectinase in fungi secretion of apple tree canker. Inner Mongolia agricultural science and technology, 2009(4): 39-40. (in Chinese)

[28] 许春景, 孙迎超, 吴玉星, 冯浩, 高小宁, 黄丽丽. 苹果树腐烂病菌果胶裂解酶基因Vmpl4的致病功能研究. 果树学报, 2017, 34(1): 19-25.

XU C J, SUN Y C, WU Y X, FENG H, GAO X N, HUANG L L. Pathogenic function of pectate lyase gene Vmpl4 of Valsa mali in apple. Journal of Fruit Science, 2017, 34(1): 19-25. (in Chinese)

[29] 陈晓林, 牛程旺, 李保华, 李桂舫, 王彩霞. 苹果树腐烂病菌产生细胞壁降解酶的种类及其活性分析. 华北农学报, 2012, 27(2): 207-212.

CHEN X L, NIU C W, LI B H, LI G F, WANG C X. The kinds and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes produced by Valsa ceratosperma. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2012, 27(2): 207-212. (in Chinese)

[30] 伦莹莹, 于成明, 李琴, 何邦令, 刘会香. 山东省苹果树腐烂病菌不同分离株的生物学特性研究. 落叶果树, 2014, 46(3): 30-33.

LUN Y Y, YU C M, LI Q, HE B L, LIU H X. Biological characteristics of different isolations of apple tree valsa canker in Shandong. Deciduous Fruits, 2014, 46(3): 30-33. (in Chinese)

[31] 刘伟, 胡同乐, 王树桐, 王亚南, 曹克强. 苹果树腐烂病斑季节扩展动态. 植物保护, 2015, 41(2): 171-175.

LIU W, HU T L, WANG S T, WANG Y N, CAO K Q. The seasonal lesion extension dynamics of apple tree Valsa canker. Plant Protection, 2015, 41(2): 171-175. (in Chinese)

[32] 陈策, 刘福昌, 邢祖芳, 张学炜, 史秀琴, 郭进贵, 陈延熙. 苹果树对腐烂病抗病因素初探: 树皮愈伤能力与抗扩展关系的研究. 植物病理学报, 1982, 12(1): 49-55.

CHEN C, LIU F C, XING Z F, ZHANG X W, SHI X Q, GUO J G, CHEN Y X. Preliminary study on the resistance factors of apple tree valsa canker: the relationship between bark callus and anti-extension. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 1982, 12(1): 49-55. (in Chinese)

[33] PéREZ-DONOSO A G, SUN Q, ROPER M C, GREVE L C. KIRKPATRICK B, LABAVITCH J M. Cell wall-degrading enzymes enlarge the pore size of intervessel pit membranes in healthy and Xylella fastidiosa-infected grapevines. Plant Physiology, 2010, 152(3): 1748-1759.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Comments

Recommended 0

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Effects of Environmental Factors on the Growth and Extension of Valsa mali in the Xylem of Apple Branches

RichHTML

PDF

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 4

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	LI QingLin,ZHANG WenTao,XU Hui,SUN JingJing. Metabolites Changes of Cucumber Xylem and Phloem Sap Under Low Phosphorus Stress [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(8): 1617-1629.
[2]	XIA GuiMin,SUN YuanYuan,WANG WeiZhi,WU Qi,CHI DaoCai. The Characteristics of Sap Flow of Hanfu Apple Trees and Its Response to Environmental Factors [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(4): 701-714.
[3]	DING Gai-xiu, WANG Bao-ming, WANG Xiao-yuan, CANG Guo-ying, CHEN Xiao-bin, NIU Xing-yan, JI Wei, ZHANG Peng-fei, WEN Peng-fei. Changes of Anatomical Structure of Xylem Vessels in Stalk During Huping Jujube Fruit Development and Its Relation of Fruit Cracking [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(24): 4886-4894.
[4]	,,,. Relationship Between Diurnal Changes of Net Photosynthetic Rate and Environmental Factors in Leaves of Zizania latifolia [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2006, 39(03): 502-509 .