氮钾配施对甘薯光合产物积累及分配的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.14.007

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this paper is to explore the interactive effects of nitrogen and potassium on photosynthesis product transfer allocation and its physiological mechanism of sweet potato.【Method】The two years field experiments include four treatments: CK, N, K and N+K, ¹³C blade tag on leaves was made on 40 d and 100 d after transplanting. The interactive effects of nitrogen and potassium on ¹³C distribution, photosynthetic characteristics, fluorescence characteristic, SS activities, SPS activities, and yield of sweet potato were studied. 【Result】Compared with N, K, interactions of N and K treatment, in 2014, yield increased by 10.1% and 7.9%, and the interactive effect value was 0.95 t·hm^-2; in 2015, yield increased by 10.7% and 9.3%, and the interactive effect value was 1.35t·hm^-2. Compared with N and K treatments, interactions of N and K treatment improved the functional leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, and the accumulation of photosynthetic products increased at two key stages of sweet potato. For example, ΦCO₂increased by 27.1%-39.7%, P_nincreased by 9.1%-20.2%, and ¹³C total accumulation increased by 26.3%-42.2%. At the early stage of growth, nitrogen and potassium interactions treatment significantly increased leaf SS and SPS enzyme activities, their activities were significantly higher than that in root, and significantly improved the ¹³C distribution rate in leaves by 60.7%, promoted photosynthetic products distribution in the source organ. In root rapid expansion period, interactions of N+K treatment significantly increased the SS and SPS enzyme activities of root, which were significantly higher than that of leaf blade, photosynthetic product distributed from the ground to the underground part under the action of pressure in the sink - source organs, nitrogen and potassium interactions increased the ¹³C distribution rate in root by 71.6%. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the carbon metabolism enzyme photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics are the key indicators of product distribution of sweet potato(R₁=0.954, R₂=0.912). Path analysis indicated that the largest coefficients affected ¹³C distribution under nitrogen and potassium interaction were Pn, Fv/Fm and SS at the early stage of growth while key coefficients affected ¹³C distribution were Pn, ΦPSⅡ and SPS in root rapid expansion period. 【Conclusion】It was concluded that nitrogen and potassium interaction promoted the accumulation of photosynthetic products in aerial part through increase of Pn, ΦPSⅡ and SS, thus realized the construction of source at the early stage of growth. In root rapid expansion period, N and K interaction mainly improved P_n, ΦPS and SPS and thus promoted the transfer of photosynthetic products from the ground to the underground part and promoted the yield of sweet potato.

Key words: sweet potato, photosynthetic characteristics;chlorophyll fluorescence, ^{13C distribution,} enzyme activities

WANG ShunYi, LIU Qing, SHI YanXi, LI Huan. Interactive Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium on Photosynthesis Product Distribution and Accumulation of Sweet Potato[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(14): 2706-2716.

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