利用方式对砂质土壤有机碳、氮和磷的形态及其在不同大小团聚体中分布的影响

中国农业科学 ›› 2007, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 1703-1711 .

利用方式对砂质土壤有机碳、氮和磷的形态及其在不同大小团聚体中分布的影响

章明奎,郑顺安,王丽平

浙江大学环境与资源学院资源科学系

收稿日期:2006-11-02 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2007-08-10 发布日期:2007-08-10

Chemical Forms and Distributions of Organic Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Sandy Soil Aggregate Fractions as Affected by Land Uses

浙江大学环境与资源学院资源科学系

Received:2006-11-02 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2007-08-10 Published:2007-08-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】为了解林地转化为农地对砂质土壤有机碳、氮和磷的形态及其在不同大小团聚体中分布的影响。【方法】本文采用物理与化学相结合的方法比较研究了自然林地、桔园和蔬菜地等3种利用方式下砂质土壤不同粒径团聚体中有机碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)的分布和化学形态。【结果】林地开垦种植柑桔和蔬菜，表土有机碳平均分别减少了79%和67%，全氮平均分别下降了64%和31%，而土壤磷却成倍的增加。农业土壤（桔园和蔬菜地土壤）的C/N比（11～19）低于林地土壤（25～37）。土壤颗粒态有机质对土地利用变化极为敏感，在林地开垦为桔园和蔬菜地后，颗粒态有机质形式的碳（POM-C）的下降幅度明显高于非颗粒态有机碳，林地、桔园和蔬菜地土壤POM-C占土壤总有机碳的平均比例分别为69.1%、41.0%和12.5%。林地土壤有机碳和氮素主要分布在> 0.5 mm 和0.25～0.5 mm 的团聚体中；而桔园和蔬菜地土壤的有机碳和氮素主要分布在0.25～0.5 mm 和0.053～0.125 mm团聚体中。磷素主要分布在＞0.5 mm 和＜0.053 mm等2个粒级中。农业土壤磷素主要以HCl-P形态存在，而林业土壤的磷主要以NaOH-OP (有机磷) 和H2O-P形态存在。【结论】研究证实了由原始林地开垦转变为农业用地不利于砂质土壤有机碳和氮的积累;利用方式改变可极大地影响砂质土壤中有机碳、氮和磷的形态及其在不同大小团聚体中的分布。

关键词: 利用方式, 砂质土壤, 颗粒态有机碳和养分, 团聚体

Abstract: Abstract: 【OBJECTIVE】It is recognized that cultivation strongly affects important ecosystem processes such as biomass accumulation, and thus changes cycles of C and nutrients in soils. However, changes of organic C, N and P distributions in different size fractions of the sandy soils after deforestation is insufficiently understood. 【METHOD】In this study, chemical forms and distribution of organic C, N, and P in different size of aggregates in a sandy Spodosols with three land uses in Florida were assessed. The three land uses were: (1) undisturbed natural forest, (2) 15-25 year citrus groves, and (3) 15-25 year vegetable farms. 【RESULTS】The organic C concentration in surface soils (0-15 cm) was significantly higher under natural forest (24.8 g kg-1) compared to the citrus groves (8.1 g kg-1) and vegetable farms (5.1 g kg-1). After deforestation, vegetable farms and citrus groves depleted soil organic C pool by 79% and 67%, and soil N by 64% and 31%. Soil C:N rations were lower in the agricultural soils (11-19) than that in the forest soils (25-37). The decrease of the particulate organic C (POM-C) was more significant than that of other organic C (non-particulate organic C). The proportions of POM-C in the total C were 69.1%, 41.0%, and 12.5%, respectively, for forest, citrus and vegetable soils. For forest soils, organic C and total N were mainly distributed in the > 0.5 mm and 0.25-0.5 mm aggregate fractions. For vegetable and citrus soils, organic C and total N were mainly distributed in the 0.25-0.5 mm and 0.053-0.125 mm aggregate fractions. Among the five aggregate fractions, total P was the highest in the >0.5 mm and <0.053 mm aggregate fractions. Phosphorus accumulated mainly as HCl-P in the agricultural soils, whereas NaOH-OP (organic P) and H2O-P was major P forms in the forest soils. 【CONCLUSION】The study indicated that the transformation of forest land to cultivated land could weaken the accumulation of C and N in sandy soils. The deforestation could affect greatly the forms of organic C, N and P, and their distribution in aggregate fractions of sandy soils.

章明奎,郑顺安,王丽平. 利用方式对砂质土壤有机碳、氮和磷的形态及其在不同大小团聚体中分布的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(8): 1703-1711 .

. Chemical Forms and Distributions of Organic Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Sandy Soil Aggregate Fractions as Affected by Land Uses[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(8): 1703-1711 .

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