引黄灌区次生盐渍化对土壤质量与耕地产能的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.018

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (20): 4272-4284.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.018

引黄灌区次生盐渍化对土壤质量与耕地产能的影响

高奇奇¹^,²(), 韩哲群¹^,³, 张海睿¹, 南珊珊¹, 黄炎炎¹, 朱恒侠¹, 武雪萍¹^,²()

¹ 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室（中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所），北京 100081
² 国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心，山东东营 257347
³ 内蒙古农业大学资源与环境学院/内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室/农业生态安全与绿色发展自治区高等学校重点实验室，呼和浩特 010011

收稿日期:2025-08-06 接受日期:2025-09-24 出版日期:2025-10-16 发布日期:2025-10-14
通信作者:
武雪萍，E-mail：wuxueping@caas.cn
联系方式: 高奇奇，E-mail：gaoqiqi06@163.com。
基金资助:
退化耕地监测研究成果

Impacts of Secondary Salinization on Soil Quality and Cropland Productivity in the Yellow River Irrigation District

GAO QiQi¹^,²(), HAN ZheQun¹^,³, ZHANG HaiRui¹, NAN ShanShan¹, HUANG YanYan¹, ZHU HengXia¹, WU XuePing¹^,²()

¹ State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Beijing 100081
² National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying 257347, Shandong
³ College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010011

Received:2025-08-06 Accepted:2025-09-24 Published:2025-10-16 Online:2025-10-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究土壤次生盐渍化对土壤质量与耕地产能的影响机制，为内蒙古引黄灌区盐碱地改良和生产力提高提供理论依据。【方法】选取内蒙古达拉特旗典型盐碱耕地万亩示范区作为研究区域，采用系统网格法布点采样，分别于2023年5、7和10月采集0—20 cm土层土壤样品，测定17个土壤物理、化学和微生物指标，分析土壤次生盐渍化的时空变化特征；利用主成分分析结合权重法评估土壤质量指数（SQI），并通过线性回归、随机森林模型和偏最小二乘路径模型揭示土壤次生盐渍化程度对耕地产能指数（CPI）的影响机制。【结果】土壤次生盐渍化指标呈现明显的时空变异，其中土壤电导率（EC）随地势降低而增加，空间变异系数29.2%—61.2%，且7月和10月EC值分别比5月增加82.6%和161.6%。利用主成分分析构建的SQI最小数据集包括团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）、速效钾（AK）和有效磷（AP）。研究区的SQI平均值为0.50，SQI<0.60的耕地面积占77.1%；CPI平均值为0.62，CPI>0.80的耕地面积占47.9%。线性回归分析表明，土壤次生盐渍化指标（尤其是EC）与SQI和CPI呈负相关关系，SQI与CPI呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05）。随机森林模型结果表明，5月EC对SQI影响最大，7月和10月EC对CPI影响最大。偏最小二乘路径模型分析发现，土壤次生盐渍化指标对CPI既存在直接负效应（标准通径系数=-0.610，P<0.001），也通过对SQI的负效应（标准通径系数=-0.694，P<0.001）来影响CPI，总效应为-0.789。【结论】引黄灌区土壤次生盐渍化主要通过直接盐分毒害和间接降低土壤质量双重路径显著降低耕地产能。因此，盐碱地耕地产能提升需采取“控盐-提质”协同策略。

关键词: 土壤次生盐渍化, 土壤质量指数（SQI）, 耕地产能指数（CPI）, 随机森林模型, 引黄灌区, 内蒙古

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to explore the impact mechanism of soil secondary salinization on soil quality and cropland productivity, thereby providing a theoretical basis for improving saline-alkali soil and enhancing productivity in the Yellow River Irrigation District.【Method】In this study, typical saline-alkali cropland in Dalate Banner, Inner Mongolia was selected as the research area. Soil samples from the 0-20 cm soil layer were collected in May, July, and October 2023 using the systematic grid sampling method. A total of 17 soil indicators (encompassing physical, chemical, and microbial properties) were determined to analyze the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of soil salinization. The soil quality index (SQI) was evaluated by combining principal component analysis (PCA) with the weighting method. Additionally, linear regression, random forest model, and partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) were used to reveal the impact mechanism of soil salinization on the cropland productivity index (CPI).【Result】Soil secondary salinization indicators showed obvious spatial and temporal variability. Among them, soil electrical conductivity (EC) increased with the decrease of terrain, with the coefficient of spatial variation ranging from 29.2% to 61.2%. Moreover, the EC values in July and October increased by 82.6% and 161.6% respectively compared with those in May. The minimum data set for SQI constructed by PCA included mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates, available potassium (AK), and available phosphorus (AP). The average SQI in the study area was 0.50, and SQI<0.60 accounted for 77.1%, while the average CPI was 0.62, and CPI>0.80 accounted for 47.9%. Linear regression analysis showed that soil salinity indicators (especially EC) were negatively correlated with SQI and CPI, while SQI was significantly positively correlated with CPI (P<0.05). Random forest model results showed that EC in May had the greatest effect on SQI, and EC in July and October had the greatest effect on CPI. PLS-PM analysis revealed that soil secondary salinization indicators had a direct negative effect on CPI (standard path coefficient=-0.610, P<0.001) and an indirect effect through their negative impact on SQI (standard path coefficient=-0.694, P<0.001), with a total effect of -0.789.【Conclusion】Soil secondary salinization impaired cropland productivity through the dual pathways of direct salt toxicity and indirect reduction of soil quality. Therefore, a synergistic strategy of “salt control and quality enhancement” should be adopted to improve the productivity of salinized cropland in the Yellow River Irrigation District.

Key words: soil secondary salinization, soil quality index (SQI), cropland productivity index (CPI), random forest model, Yellow River Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia

高奇奇, 韩哲群, 张海睿, 南珊珊, 黄炎炎, 朱恒侠, 武雪萍. 引黄灌区次生盐渍化对土壤质量与耕地产能的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(20): 4272-4284.

GAO QiQi, HAN ZheQun, ZHANG HaiRui, NAN ShanShan, HUANG YanYan, ZHU HengXia, WU XuePing. Impacts of Secondary Salinization on Soil Quality and Cropland Productivity in the Yellow River Irrigation District[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(20): 4272-4284.

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时间 Time	指标Indicator	最小值Minimum	最大值Maximum	平均值Mean	标准差 SD	变异性CV(%)
2023.5	pH	7.78	8.83	8.36	0.28	3.29
2023.5	电导率 EC (mS·cm^-1)	0.31	1.07	0.71	0.21	29.19
2023.7	pH	7.70	8.86	8.27	0.27	3.29
2023.7	电导率 EC (mS·cm^-1)	0.41	3.10	1.30	0.80	61.22
2023.10	pH	7.67	8.44	8.05	0.17	2.14
	电导率 EC (mS·cm^-1)	0.69	3.30	1.86	0.89	47.86
	交换性钠 ENa (cmol·kg^-1)	0.75	3.75	2.55	0.73	28.59
	碱化度 ESP (%)	1.38	6.33	4.37	1.17	26.82

主成分 Principal components (PC)	主成分1 PC1	主成分2 PC2	主成分3 PC3
特征值Eigenvalues	4.897	3.323	1.188
方差Variance (%)	37.669	25.562	9.138
累计方差Cumulative (%)	37.669	63.231	72.369
权重Weighting value	0.521	0.353	0.126
因子载荷Factor loading
容重Bulk density	-0.793	0.272	0.165
含水量Soil water content	-0.431	0.683	-0.025
平均重量直径Mean weight diameter	0.897	-0.115	-0.198
有机碳Soil organic carbon	0.655	-0.299	0.197
全氮Total nitrogen	0.376	-0.581	0.409
有效磷Available phosphorus	0.171	0.595	-0.580
速效钾Available potassium	0.012	0.834	0.000
碳代谢酶活性Carbon acquisition enzyme activity	0.754	0.445	0.159
氮代谢酶活性Nitrogen acquisition enzyme activity	0.552	0.421	0.514
磷代谢酶活性 Phosphorus acquisition enzyme activity	0.121	0.761	0.471
细菌生物量Bacterial biomass	0.800	0.406	-0.166
真菌生物量Fungi biomass	0.731	-0.346	-0.134
微生物生物量Total microbial biomass	0.784	0.235	-0.147

引黄灌区次生盐渍化对土壤质量与耕地产能的影响

Impacts of Secondary Salinization on Soil Quality and Cropland Productivity in the Yellow River Irrigation District

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