我国盐碱地综合利用的生态保护战略

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.002

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (20): 4047-4053.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.002

所属专题：专刊——盐碱地智慧监测与生态化利用

我国盐碱地综合利用的生态保护战略

吕国华¹^,²(), 王庆锁², 宋佳珅¹^,², 李玉义²^,³(), 梅旭荣¹^,²()

¹ 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所，北京 100081
² 国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心，山东东营 257347
³ 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室（中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所），北京 100081

收稿日期:2025-08-03 接受日期:2025-09-24 出版日期:2025-10-16 发布日期:2025-10-14
通信作者:
李玉义，E-mail：liyuyi@caas.cn。

梅旭荣，E-mail：meixurong@caas.cn。
联系方式: 吕国华，E-mail：lvguohua@caas.cn。
基金资助:
山东省重点研发计划（科技示范工程）(2024SFGC0403); 中国农业科学院科技创新工程重大任务(CAAS-ZDRW202407)

Research on Ecological Protection Strategy for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Soil in China

LÜ GuoHua¹^,²(), WANG QingSuo², SONG JiaShen¹^,², LI YuYi²^,³(), MEI XuRong¹^,²()

¹ Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
² National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying 257347, Shandong
³ State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Beijing 100081

Received:2025-08-03 Accepted:2025-09-24 Published:2025-10-16 Online:2025-10-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究系统梳理了我国盐碱地开发而引发的生态问题，包括次生盐渍化、地下水大漏斗形成、湿地萎缩及功能退化、自然植被减少和治理成本与污染风险较高等。明确了盐碱地综合利用的技术发展路径，涵盖系统治理新思路下的分类施策、生态化治理新要求下的节约治理、地种互促新路径下的双向发力以及大食物观新动向下的特色农业四大方向。在此基础上，提出了统筹加强盐碱地综合治理的总体部署，重点推进盐碱化耕地的分区分类治理改造，建立协同创新体系；加快突破盐碱地综合治理与持续利用的基础理论与关键技术，打造盐碱地分级利用模式；支撑盐碱地后备资源和盐碱耕地综合利用试点，推动盐碱地特色农业发展，加快培育盐碱地新质生产力等相应战略对策。本研究可为我国盐碱地综合利用生态保护提供理论依据和战略支撑。

关键词: 盐碱地, 生态保护, 节水农业, 灌排系统, 战略研究

Abstract:

This study provided a systematic review of the ecological issues arising from the development of saline-alkali land in China. These included secondary salinization, the formation of groundwater depression cones, wetland shrinkage and functional degradation, and reduction in natural vegetation, as well as high remediation costs and pollution risks. In addition, it clarified the technological development pathways for the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land. These pathways encompassed four major directions: targeted strategies under a systematic management approach, cost-effective remediation under new ecological requirements, dual-force development through land-crop synergy, and specialized agriculture aligned with the broader concept of food. Furthermore, the study proposed an integrated strategy to strengthen the comprehensive management of saline-alkali lands, including emphasizing zonal rehabilitation of saline-alkali farmland, establishing a collaborative innovation system, and advancing fundamental theories and key technologies for sustainable utilization. It also recommended developing a tiered land-use model to support pilot programs for reserve resources and cultivated land, promoting specialized agriculture, enhancing productive capacity, advancing water-adapted planting, fostering innovation in water-saving agricultural technology, and strengthening ecological monitoring and impact assessment. This study provided the theoretical foundation and strategic support for ecological protection in the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land in China.

Key words: saline-alkali soil, ecological protection, water-saving agriculture, irrigation and drainage system, strategic research

吕国华, 王庆锁, 宋佳珅, 李玉义, 梅旭荣. 我国盐碱地综合利用的生态保护战略[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(20): 4047-4053.

LÜ GuoHua, WANG QingSuo, SONG JiaShen, LI YuYi, MEI XuRong. Research on Ecological Protection Strategy for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Soil in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(20): 4047-4053.

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我国盐碱地综合利用的生态保护战略

Research on Ecological Protection Strategy for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Soil in China

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