耐盐南粳品种苗期盐胁迫应答的生理特性及其耐盐相关基因分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.12.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】盐胁迫是制约水稻生产的主要环境胁迫之一，研究耐盐水稻品种响应盐胁迫的生理特征，分析耐盐基因等位变异及表达，为耐盐水稻品种选育提供重要的基因资源和遗传材料。【方法】首先对南粳系列优质水稻品种（系）的苗期耐盐性进行鉴定，以盐处理条件下的存活率作为指标，筛选耐盐性强的品种。分析其在盐胁迫下的生理指标变化，包括叶绿素、Na⁺、K⁺、MDA、H₂O₂、可溶性糖等含量。通过基因组测序解析强耐盐性品种中耐盐基因的变异类型，以及通过检测耐盐基因的表达水平，解析强耐盐品种响应盐胁迫的分子机制。【结果】在140 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理6 d条件下，南粳9108、南粳5718、南粳盐1号的存活率大于60%，在供试品种中的存活率最高；与对照品种日本晴相比，盐胁迫下，南粳9108、南粳5718、南粳盐1号幼苗含有较高的叶绿素含量、较低的MDA含量，表明盐胁迫对这3个品种造成的细胞损伤较低；南粳9108、南粳5718和南粳盐1号的根系Na⁺/K⁺明显高于日本晴，而地上部Na⁺/K⁺明显低于日本晴，表明这3个耐盐品种根系吸收或者储存的Na⁺较多，但向上运输的Na⁺少，有利于维持细胞离子平衡，对地上部造成的离子毒害和渗透胁迫影响较小；这3个耐盐品种有23个耐盐基因存在94个SNP或InDel位点，分布于外显子、内含子、5′UTR和3′UTR，11个基因的24个变异位点发生在外显子上，其中，有7个基因发生移码突变或错义突变，分布于Os02g0813500（OsGR2）、Os05g0343400（OsWRKY53）、Os06g0685700（OsRST1）、Os07g0685700（OsEIL2）、Os10g0431000（OsPQT3）、Os11g0446000（OsRSS3）、Os12g0150200（P450）；盐胁迫显著诱导耐盐品种中耐盐基因OsSKC1、OsBAG4、OsGPX1、OsCCX2、OsGR3、OsDREB2a、OsRAB21、OsP5CS、OsbZIP23、OsAPX37、OsLEA3等的表达，可增强水稻对盐胁迫的耐受性，减少盐害对水稻生长的不利影响。【结论】南粳9108、南粳5718和南粳盐1号3个品种具有较强的苗期耐盐性，这与盐胁迫下的钠钾离子平衡、多个耐盐基因的等位变异、基因表达水平等密切相关。南粳9108、南粳5718和南粳盐1号聚合了多个耐盐优质基因，可作为耐盐品种选育的骨干亲本进行遗传改良和育种应用研究。

关键词: 南粳9108, 南粳5718, 南粳盐1号, 盐胁迫, 耐盐基因, 离子平衡, 基因组测序

Abstract:

【Objective】Salt stress is one of the main environmental stresses that restrict rice production. Studying the physiological characteristics under salt stress and analysis the allelic variation and expression of salt-tolerance genes provide key gene resources and genetic materials for breeding salt-tolerance rice varieties. 【Method】This study first evaluated the salt-tolerance ability of the Nangeng series high-quality rice varieties/lines during the seedling stage, using survival rate as an indicator for screening salt-tolerance varieties, which physiological changes under salt stress were analyzed, including chlorophyll, Na⁺, K⁺, MDA, H₂O₂ and soluble sugar. The variation types and expression levels of salt-tolerance genes in rice varieties with resistance to high salt concentration were also analyzed to explaining their molecular mechanisms in response to salt stress. 【Result】Under the condition of treating with 140 mmol·L^-1 NaCl for 6 days, the survival rates of NG9108, NG5718, and NGY1 were greater than 60%, with the highest survival rate among the tested varieties. Compared with Nipponbare, the seedlings of NG9108, NG5718, and NGY1 under salt stress had higher chlorophyll content and lower MDA content, indicating that salt stress caused less cell damage to the three varieties. The Na⁺/K⁺ values in the roots of NG9108, NG5718, and NGY1 were significantly higher than those in Nipponbare, while the Na⁺/K⁺ values in the aerial parts were significantly lower than those in Nipponbare, implying that the three varieties absorb or store more Na⁺ in roots, but transport less Na⁺ upwards, which is beneficial for maintaining cell ion balance and causing less ion toxicity and osmotic stress in aerial parts of the seedlings. The three salt-tolerance varieties have 94 SNPs or InDel sites, distributing in exons, introns, 5′UTR, and 3′UTR of the 23 salt-tolerance genes. 24 variation sites of 11 genes occur in the exons, including 7 genes with frameshift mutations or missense mutations which distributed in Os02g0813500 (OsGR2), Os05g0343400 (OsWRKY53), Os06g0685700 (OsRST1), Os07g0685700 (OsEIL2), Os10g0431000 (OsPQT3), Os11g044600 (OsRSS3), Os12g0150200 (P450). Salt stress significantly induces expression of OsSKC1, OsBAG4, OsGPX1, OsCCX2, OsGR3, OsDREB2a, OsRAB21, OsP5CS, OsbZIP23, OsAPX37 and OsLEA3, which help to enhance salt tolerance and reduce the adverse effects of salt damage on rice growth. 【Conclusion】NG9108, NG5718 and NGY1 showed strong salt tolerance phenotype during the seedling growth stage, which is closely related to the balance of sodium and potassium ions under salt stress, allelic variations of multiple salt tolerance genes, and gene expression levels. NG9108, NG5718 and NGY1 have pyramided multiple salt tolerant and high-quality genes, which can be used as backbone parents for genetic improvement and breeding.

Key words: NG9108, NG5718, NGY1, salt stress, salt-tolerance gene, ionic balance, genome sequencing

邓立成, 李程, 赫磊, 安红强, 王才林, 张亚东, 赵长江, 路凯. 耐盐南粳品种苗期盐胁迫应答的生理特性及其耐盐相关基因分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(12): 2275-2290.

DENG LiCheng, LI Cheng, HE Lei, AN HongQiang, WANG CaiLin, ZHANG YaDong, ZHAO ChangJiang, LU Kai. Physiological Characteristics in Response to Salt Stress and Allelic Variation and Expression of Salt-Responsive Genes in Seedling Stage of Nangeng Rice Varieties with Salt-Tolerance Ability[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(12): 2275-2290.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.12.001

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2025/V58/I12/2275

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外显子发生变异的基因及位点"

基因号 Locus ID	品种 Variety	位置 Position (bp)	变异方式 Variation type	变异位置 Variation position	基因描述 Gene descript
Os01g0307500	南粳5718/南粳盐1号 NG5718/NGY1	11462157	G→C	外显子 Exon	正调控 Positive regulator
Os01g0811300	南粳9108/南粳盐1号 NG9108/NGY1	34482225	T→C	外显子 Exon	正调控 Positive regulator
Os02g0813500	南粳5718/南粳9108/南粳盐1号 NG5718/NG9108/NGY1	34839061	G→A	错义突变 Missense mutation	正调控 Positive regulator
Os02g0813500	南粳5718/南粳9108/南粳盐1号 NG5718/NG9108/NGY1	34840365, 34843244	T→C, T→C	外显子 Exon	正调控 Positive regulator
Os03g0656500	南粳5718/南粳9108/南粳盐1号 NG5718/NG9108/NGY1	25615005, 25615089, 25615275, 25615287	T→C, C→T, G→A, T→C	外显子 Exon	正调控 Positive regulator
Os05g0343400	南粳5718 NG5718	16151108	C→G	错义突变 Missense mutation	负调控 Negative regulator
Os05g0343400	南粳5718 NG5718	16151637	T→C	外显子 Exon	负调控 Negative regulator
Os06g0685700	南粳5718 NG5718	28588881	C→A	错义突变 Missense mutation	负调控 Negative regulator
Os07g0685700	南粳9108 NG9108	29117797	G→A	错义突变 Missense mutation	负调控 Negative regulator
Os10g0415300	南粳盐1号 NGY1	14508099	G→A	外显子 Exon	正调控 Positive regulator
Os10g0431000	南粳5718/南粳9108/南粳盐1号 NG5718/NG9108/NGY1	15368188	T→A	外显子 Exon	负调控 Negative regulator
	南粳5718/南粳9108/南粳盐1号 NG5718/NG9108/NGY1	15368510, 15368511	C→G, G→C	错义突变 Missense mutation
	南粳5718/南粳9108 NG5718/NG9108	15368347, 15368351	GAATA→G, A→AGCGG	移码突变 Frameshift mutation
	南粳盐1号 NGY1	15368351	A→G	错义突变 Missense mutation
Os11g0446000	南粳5718/南粳9108/南粳盐1号 NG5718/NG9108/NGY1	14785491	T→G	外显子 Exon	正调控 Positive regulator
Os12g0150200	南粳5718/南粳9108/南粳盐1号 NG5718/NG9108/NGY1	2468678, 2469251	C→T, C→T	外显子 Exon	正调控 Positive regulator
	南粳盐1号 NGY1	2468552	C→T	外显子 Exon
	南粳盐1号 NGY1	2469441	T→A	错义突变 Missense mutation

表3

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品种名称 Variety	审定时间 Approval time	生态类型 Ecotype	基因型 Genotype
南粳46 NG46	2008	中熟晚粳Medium-maturing late-japonica	Wx^mp
南粳5055 NG5055	2011	早熟晚粳Early-maturing late-japonica	Wx^mp
南粳9108 NG9108	2013	迟熟中粳Late-maturing mid-japonica	Wx^mp
南粳3908 NG3908	2018	早熟晚粳Early-maturing late-japonica	Wx^mp
南粳晶谷NGJG	2019	早熟晚粳Early-maturing late-japonica	Wx^mp
南粳5718 NG5718	2019	中熟中粳Mid-maturing mid-japonica	Wx^mp
南粳7718 NG7718	2020	中熟中粳Mid-maturing mid-japonica	Wx^mp
南粳60 NG60	2020	中熟中粳Mid-maturing mid-japonica	Wx^b
南粳9036 NG9036	2020	迟熟中粳Late-maturing mid-japonica	Wx^mp
南粳盐1号NGY1	2021	中熟中粳Mid-maturing mid-japonica	Wx^b
南粳66 NG66	2021	中熟中粳Mid-maturing mid-japonica	Wx^mp
南粳5758 NG5758	2021	中熟中粳Mid-maturing mid-japonica	Wx^b
南粳9308 NG9308	2021	中熟中粳Mid-maturing mid-japonica	Wx^mp
南粳518 NG518	2021	中熟中粳Mid-maturing mid-japonica	Wx^mp
南粳香糯NGXN	2021	早熟晚粳Early-maturing late-japonica	wx
南粳糯2号NGN2	2021	迟熟中粳Late-maturing mid-japonica	wx
南粳8911 NG8911	2022	早熟晚粳Early-maturing late-japonica	Wx^mp
南粳72 NG72	2022	中熟中粳Mid-maturing mid-japonica	Wx^mp
南粳68 NG68	2022	中熟中粳Mid-maturing mid-japonica	Wx^mp
南粳9068 NG9068	2022	迟熟中粳Late-maturing mid-japonica	Wx^mp
南粳5818 NG5818	2023	中熟中粳Mid-maturing mid-japonica	Wx^mp
南粳9058 NG9058	2024	早熟晚粳Early-maturing late-japonica	Wx^mp
NYJ0020	生产试验 Production test	中熟中粳Mid-maturing mid-japonica	Wx^b
宁HF16 NHF16	生产试验 Production test	迟熟中粳Late-maturing mid-japonica	Wx^mp
宁HF06 NHF06	生产试验 Production test	中熟中粳Mid-maturing mid-japonica	Wx^mp

基因号 Locus ID	基因 Gene	引物序列 Primer sequence (5′-3′)
Os01g0307500	SKC1	F: CATCGTCGTCGAGGTTATCA R: TCCCTTGTTTGCTCCACTTC
Os01g0506100	OsSOAR1	F: GAGCGGGCTTACAATATCCTTCTC R: CAAGAGCGTACACAATGGGGTT
Os01g0532600	OsHKT3	F: TTTCACCACTCGGCTTCAAC R: AATGTTCCCGTAGGCACTTATC
Os01g0811300	OsSUVH7	F: ATGATGAGCCTTACGGTGGT R: GTCTTAGGGCGTTTCTTTGTT
Os01g0831200	OsBAG4	F: CAAGGGCACAAAGGAAGGC R: ATTGCTCCCAGTCGGTGTTTA
Os01g0847200	OsVTC1-1	F: AACTGCTGGCCCTCTTGCTCTA R: TCCACCATTCCAGTGACCTCCT
Os02g0175000	OsHKT6	F: GCATCACAGAACGGGACTCGAT R: GCGTGCATCATGGTTCAGTAGC
Os02g0553200	OsAPx8	F: TAGTGCTACCCACAGATGCTG R: CACCAAGGTCGCTCAGTTT
Os02g0579600	OsMADS27	F: ATCATCGGCAGTTGATGGG R: GAACTAGACTTCCCTTCCGATTC
Os02g0640500	SIT1	F: AAGACACGAACGGCGGTCAACT R: GCACCAGGCTTGCTTCTTCCAC
Os02g0813500	OsGR2	F: CTCAACGTGTCAACATTCCTGG R: TGTAATCTGATTCCCCTTCCCT
Os03g0285800	OsMAPK5	F: CGACATGATGACGGAGTACG R: AGGTGAGCATCCTCTCGATG
Os03g0332400	OsGLYII2	F: TACTATGCCTGCACACACCGT R: TCTGGCAGATCAACACGCAT
Os03g0656500	OsCCX2	F: TTCGTGTCCACCGTTGTT R: AGTATGGCGAGGAGTGAGC
Os03g0707600	OsSLR1	F: ACTACTACTCCACCATGTTCGATTC R: AGGTACACCTCGGACATGAGG
Os03g0764800	OsSAPK8	F: GGCTATTCTAAGTCTTCAGTTCTCCA R: GCCATCGTATTCTTTCTTCAACAG
Os04g0556300	OsGPX1	F: CGACTTCACCGTCAAGGATGC R: TGGCTCAGCTCAGTGTAGTTGGA
Os04g0584600	OsCDPK13	F: AATGCTCAATCCTCGCCCAAAG R: CCTTCAACCCAGCGATTTCCTC
Os05g0148600	OsNHX3	F: TGTATTCCCTTTGTCTTTCTTATCC R: GAAGTGGGTCTATGATTGACTGG
Os05g0322900	OsWRKY45	F: CGCAAGTACGGGCAGAAGGAGA R: TGTGCTCGCCGATGTAGGTGAC
Os05g0343400	OsWRKY53	F: CGACTTCTCCTTCCACACCAACTC R: CACTTGCTGCTCTTGCTCCTTGA
Os05g0455500	OsP5CS1	F: CTGTCTTGGCTTCAAATAGCGG R: TTGCGGCAACAGCCATCTC
Os06g0183100	OsRR22	F: GTAACATCAACCAACCAGGCTAT R: TTACCGAACTTCCTCCTAACAAC