影响呼伦贝尔草原土壤有机碳空间变异的主导因素

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.12.009

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (12): 2378-2389.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.12.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

影响呼伦贝尔草原土壤有机碳空间变异的主导因素

薛玮¹^,²(), 徐丽君²(), 聂莹莹², 吴欣珈², 严翊丹², 叶立明³, 柳新伟¹^,²()

¹ 青岛农业大学资源与环境学院，中国山东青岛266109
² 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/ 内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，中国北京 100081
³ 根特大学地质系，比利时根特

收稿日期:2023-08-08 接受日期:2023-11-30 出版日期:2024-06-16 发布日期:2024-06-25
通信作者:
徐丽君，E-mail：xulijun@caas.cn。
柳新伟，E-mail：sdxw@163.com
联系方式: 薛玮，E-mail：13108645452@163.com。
基金资助:
中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(G2023-01-32); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(22378422); 国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1300504)

Study on Dominant Factors Affecting Spatial Variation of Soil Organic Carbon in Hulunbuir Grassland

XUE Wei¹^,²(), XU LiJun²(), NIE YingYing², WU XinJia², YAN YiDan², YE LiMing³, LIU XinWei¹^,²()

¹ College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
² State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/National Observation and Research Station of Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
³ Department of Geology, Ghent University, Ghent Belgium

Received:2023-08-08 Accepted:2023-11-30 Published:2024-06-16 Online:2024-06-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【背景】土壤有机碳（SOC）是草地生态系统全球碳循环中的关键组成部分。在气候变化和草地土壤退化的背景下，草地碳循环的研究引起了广泛的关注，特别是对草地SOC在不同时间和空间尺度上的动态和驱动因素的深入分析。然而，对草地SOC长期动态变化的估计和空间变异驱动因子分析目前主要基于遥感建模方法和模拟预测，而非直接测量。【目的】评估呼伦贝尔草原不同时期SOC空间变异因子的相对重要性及其变化特征。【方法】基于1980年全国第二次土壤调查数据，在2022年重复了呼伦贝尔草原第二次土壤调查的31个样点的土壤剖面，并通过建立多元线性模型和广义相加模型对这两个时期SOC变化及其驱动因子进行量化分析。【结果】 1980—2022年，40年间呼伦贝尔草原SOC由17.25 g·kg^-1增加到17.62 g·kg^-1，增加了0.37 g·kg^-1。气候因子的相对重要性从1980年的22.1%增加到2022年的72.9%。相比之下，地形和利用强度因子的相对重要性下降，分别从1980年的38.8%和39.2%下降到2022年的13.5%和13.5%。【结论】气候因子、地形和利用强度共同主导了呼伦贝尔草原土壤有机碳的空间变异。在过去的40多年里，影响草地SOC变化的气候因子已由次要贡献因素演变为主要控制因素。

关键词: 有机碳, 空间变异, 回归模型, 气候, 地形, 驱动因子, 呼伦贝尔草原

Abstract:

【Background】 Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a key component of the global carbon cycle in grassland ecosystems. In the context of climate change and grassland soil degradation, the study of the grassland carbon cycle has garnered extensive attention, particularly the in-depth analysis of the dynamics and driving factors of soil organic carbon in grasslands at different temporal and spatial scales. However, the estimation of long-term dynamic changes and the analysis of drivers for spatial variation in grassland SOC are primarily based on remote sensing modeling methods and simulation predictions, rather than direct measurements. 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative importance of SOC spatial variation factors and their variation characteristics in different periods of Hulunbuir grassland. 【Method】 Based on the data of the second national soil survey in the 1980, the soil profiles of 31 sample sites in Hulunbuir grassland in 2022 were collected again, and the SOC changes and driving factors of Hulunbuir grassland were quantitatively analyzed in these two periods by establishing a multivariate linear model and a generalized additive model. 【Result】 From 1980 to 2022, the SOC of Hulunbuir grassland increased from 17.25 g·kg^-1 to 17.62 g·kg^-1 in 40 years, with an increase of 0.37 g·kg^-1. The relative importance of climatic factors increased from 22.1% in the 1980 to 72.9% in 2022, compared with a decrease in the relative importance of the topography and utilization intensity factors, which decreased from 38.8% and 39.2% in the 1980 to 13.5% and 13.5% in 2022, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The climatic factors, topography and use intensity jointly dominated the spatial variation of soil organic carbon in Hulunbuir grassland. Over the past 40 years, the climate factors have evolved from a secondary contributor to grassland SOC change to a major controlling factor.

Key words: organic carbon, spatial variation, regression model, climate change, topography, driving factors, Hulunbuir grassland

薛玮, 徐丽君, 聂莹莹, 吴欣珈, 严翊丹, 叶立明, 柳新伟. 影响呼伦贝尔草原土壤有机碳空间变异的主导因素[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(12): 2378-2389.

XUE Wei, XU LiJun, NIE YingYing, WU XinJia, YAN YiDan, YE LiMing, LIU XinWei. Study on Dominant Factors Affecting Spatial Variation of Soil Organic Carbon in Hulunbuir Grassland[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(12): 2378-2389.

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变量 Variable		系数 Coefficient	标准误 Standard error	t值 t-value	P值 P-value
截距 Intercept		-1.528e+03	5.152e+02	-2.965	<0.001 **
分类变量 Categorical variables
利用强度 Utilization intensity	G1	6.971	2.615	2.666	0.017 *
	G2	5.106	2.425	2.105	0.050 ．
	G0	8.366	2.528	3.310	0.004 **
连续变量 Continuous variables
地形景观 Landscape index	Slope	7.029	1.410	4.980	<0.001 ***
气候因子 Climatic factor	PET	3.856	2.992	2.872	0.009 **
	PET2	-3.204e-03	1.066e-03	-3.005	0.008 **
	PET3	8.807e-07	2.921e-07	3.015	0.008 **

变量 Variable		系数 Coefficient	标准误差 Standard error	t值 t-value	P值 P-value
截距 Intercept		-54.987	15.437	4.153	0.004 **
分类变量 Categorical variable
利用强度 Utilization intensity	G1	19.095	4.597	2.666	0.001 **
	G2	19.035	4.924	3.866	0.002 **
	G3	27.668	4.831	5.727	0.002 **
连续变量 Continuous variable
地形因子 Landscape index	Elevation	0.079	0.021	3.859	0.002 **
气候因子 Climatic factor		有效自由度 edf	参考自由度 Ref.df	F值 F-value	P值 P-value
	s(MAT)	7.330	8.035	8.390	<0.001 ***
	S(MAA)	6.852	7.680	2.966	0.029 *

排序 Ranking	来源 Source	指标 Index	地区 Location	RMSE (g·kg^-1)	MAE (g·kg^-1)	MAPE (%)	R²
1	本研究（2022年） This study is in 2022	SOC	中国 China	1.90	1.47	14.44	0.92
2	SMITH et al.^[45] (2019)	SOC	美国 Amican	0.95	0.62	61.51	0.57
3	WU et al.^[46] (2022)	SOC	中国 Chna	1.66	1.35	8.86	0.18
4	PETER et al.^[47] (2015)	SOC	英国 UK	1.59	1.17	28.88	0.35
5	LEE et al.^[48] (2016)	SOC	蒙古国 Mongolia	12.37	8.48	3.27	0.58
6	本研究（1980年） This study is in 1980	SOC	中国China	3.20	2.61	20.08	0.77
7	ZHANG et al.^[49] (2018)	SOC	中国China	3.09	2.34	30.51	0.11

影响呼伦贝尔草原土壤有机碳空间变异的主导因素

Study on Dominant Factors Affecting Spatial Variation of Soil Organic Carbon in Hulunbuir Grassland

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	MAT	MAT²	MAP	MAA	PET	PET²	PET³
本研究（2022） This study is in 2022	***	NA	NA	*	NA	NA	NA
本研究（1980） This study is in 1980	NA	NA	NA	NA	3.856**	-0.003**	8.81e-07**
英国（2015） UK（2015）^[47]	-10.680***	0.612***	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
中国内蒙古（2022） Inner Mongolia, China（2022）^[46]	1.240*	NA	0.0122	NA	NA	NA	NA
美国（2018） America（2018）^[45]	-0.109	NA	0.0141***	NA	NA	NA	NA
蒙古国（2016） Mongolia（2016）^[48]	-0.962	NA	0.006	0.725***	NA	NA	NA

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