中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (7): 1333-1343.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.07.011

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

红壤性水稻土有机无机复合体中碳氮特征对长期施肥的响应

李浩1,2(), 陈金3, 王洪亮2(), 柳开楼4, 韩天富1, 都江雪1, 申哲1, 刘立生1,5, 黄晶1,5, 张会民1,5()   

  1. 1 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部耕地质量监测与评价重点实验室,北京 100081
    2 河南科技学院资源与环境学院,河南新乡 453003
    3 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所/农业农村部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,南昌 330200
    4 江西省红壤研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/农业农村部江西耕地保育科学观测实验站,南昌 330046
    5 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/祁阳农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,湖南祁阳 426182
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-27 接受日期:2022-04-29 出版日期:2023-04-01 发布日期:2023-04-03
  • 联系方式: 李浩,E-mail:lihao00001@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41671301); 国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心开放基金(2020NETRCRSI-9); 国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300901)

Response of Carbon and Nitrogen Distribution in Organo-Mineral Complexes of Red Paddy Soil to Long-Term Fertilization

LI Hao1,2(), CHEN Jin3, WANG HongLiang2(), LIU KaiLou4, HAN TianFu1, DU JiangXue1, SHEN Zhe1, LIU LiSheng1,5, HUANG Jing1,5, ZHANG HuiMin1,5()   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081
    2 School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan
    3 Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Nanchang 330200
    4 Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Scientific Observational and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation in Jiangxi, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanchang 330046
    5 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Qiyang Farmland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Qiyang 426182, Hunan
  • Received:2022-02-27 Accepted:2022-04-29 Published:2023-04-01 Online:2023-04-03

摘要:

【目的】 研究长期施肥对红壤性水稻土有机无机复合体中有机碳(OC)、全氮(TNOIC)特征的影响,为红壤性水稻土管理和培育土壤肥力提供依据。【方法】 以长期定位施肥试验的红壤性水稻土为研究对象(始于1984年),选取CK(不施肥)、PK(施磷钾肥)、NPK(施氮磷钾肥)、NPKM(施70%氮磷钾肥+ 30%有机肥)4个处理。采集0—20 cm土层土样,分析各粒级(<2、2—10、10—20、20—50和50—250 μm)有机无机复合体的分布,并探讨施肥对复合体中有机碳(OC)和全氮(TNOIC)含量、储量和碳氮比(C/N)的影响,以及有机无机复合体中OC和TNOIC对红壤性水稻土有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)贡献率的影响。【结果】 与不施肥CK相比,施肥处理显著提高了20—50 μm粒级复合体的比例,降低了<10 μm粒级复合体比例,而NPKM处理与其他施肥处理相比,50—250 μm粒级复合体的比例增加更显著;不同施肥对各粒级复合体中OC和TNOIC含量影响不同,与PK相比,NPK处理的50—250 μm粒级复合体中OC和TNOIC分别增加了36.3%、80.6%;与NPK相比,NPKM处理的50—250 μm粒级复合体中OC和TNOIC含量分别增加了35.4%、19.5%,OC和TNOIC主要分布在10—20 μm粒级复合体中,施肥显著降低了<2 μm粒级复合体OC和TNOIC储量,同时增加了20—50 μm粒级复合体OC和TNOIC储量,与PK相比,NPK处理对<2和50—250 μm粒级复合体OC储量分别增加了18.5%和31.2%,TNOIC储量分别增加了18.8%和73.7%,与NPK相比,NPKM处理对<2 μm粒级复合体中OC和TNOIC储量分别降低了25.6%和27.4%,而50—250 μm粒级复合体则分别提高了56.3%和38.6%;不同施肥处理显著影响50—250 μm粒级复合体的C/N,与PK相比,NPK处理的50—250 μm粒级复合体的C/N比降低了24.6%,与NPK相比,NPKM处理的50—250 μm粒级复合体C/N比提高了13.4%;长期不同施肥显著影响各粒级有机无机复合体对土壤SOC、TN的贡献率,与PK相比,NPK处理50—250 μm粒级复合体对SOC、TN贡献率分别提高了17.4%和47.4%。与NPK相比,NPKM处理50—250 μm粒级复合体对SOC、TN贡献率分别提高了39.5%和32.8%。【结论】 在红壤性水稻土中,长期施肥促使大粒级有机无机复合体形成;化肥中的氮投入显著提高50—250 μm粒级复合体中OC、TNOIC含量和储量;有机无机肥配施有利于提高土壤有机碳含量,提高大粒级有机无机复合体比例,有助于保存施入的无机氮肥,是红壤性水稻土长期培肥管理的有效措施。

关键词: 长期施肥, 红壤性水稻土, 有机无机复合体, 有机碳, 全氮

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of long-term fertilization on the distribution of organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TNOIC) of organo-mineral complexes in red paddy soil were studied, so as to provide a basis for long-term management and cultivation of soil fertility in red paddy soil. 【Method】 The red paddy soils in long-term fertilization experiment were studied (Since 1984), which included four treatments: no fertilization (CK), inorganic P and K fertilizers (PK), inorganic N, P and K fertilizers (NPK), and NPK plus manure (NPKM, 70%NPK plus 30% manure). Soil samples of 0-20 cm soil layer were collected, and the distribution of organo-mineral complexes at each particle level (<2 μm, 2-10 μm, 10-20 μm, 20-50 μm, and 50-250 μm) was analyzed. The effects of fertilization on the content, storage of organic carbon and total nitrogen as well as the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) were discussed. The effects of OC and TNOIC contents in organo-mineral complex on contribution rate of SOC and TN contents in red paddy soil were investigated too.【Result】 Compared with the CK treatment, the fertilization treatment significantly increased the particle size ratio of 20-50 μm and decreased the particle size ratio of <10 μm. Compared with other fertilization treatments, NPKM treatment increased the proportion of 50-250 μm grain size complex more significantly. Different fertilization treatments had different effects on the content of OC and TNOIC in grain size. Compared with PK, the content of OC and TNOIC in grain size from 50 μm to 250 μm under NPK treatment increased 36.3% and 80.6%, respectively. Compared with NPK, the content of OC and TNOIC in 50-250 μm granular complex increased by 35.4% and 19.5% under NPKM treatment, respectively. The OC and TNOIC storage of the organic and inorganic complexes were mainly distributed at the 10-20 μm particle level. And fertilization significantly reduced the storage of <2 μm particle-level complex OC and TNOIC, but increased the storage of OC and TNOIC at 20-50 μm particle-level. Compared with PK treatment, the OC storages of <2 μm and 50-250 μm particle-level complexes treated by NPK increased by 18.5% and 31.2%, respectively, and the storages of TNOIC increased by 18.8% and 73.7%, respectively. Compared with NPK, the NPKM treatment reduced the OC and TNOIC storages of the <2 μm particle-level complex by 25.6% and 27.4%, respectively, while OC and TNOIC storages of 50-250 μm particle-level complex increased by 56.3% and 38.6%, respectively. Fertilization significantly influenced the C/N ratio of 50-250 μm particles. Compared with PK, the C/N ratio of 50-250 μm fraction treated with NPK decreased by 24.6%; compared with NPK, the C/N ratio of 50-250 μm fraction treated with NPKM was increased by 13.4%. Fertilization significantly affected the contribution rate of organo-mineral complexes of each particle size to SOC and TN content. Compared with PK, the contribution rate of NPK treatment 50-250 μm particle-level complex to SOC and TN increased by 17.4% and 47.4%, respectively. Compared with NPK, the contribution rate of NPKM treatment 50-250 μm particle to SOC and TN were reduced by 39.5% and 32.8%, respectively.【Conclusion】 In red paddy soil, the long-term fertilization promoted the formation of large-grain organo-mineral complexes. The nitrogen input in the chemical fertilizers significantly increased the grain-level organic carbon, total nitrogen content and storage of the granular grade of 50-250 μm. The organo-mineral combined application was conducive to increasing the soil organic carbon content and the proportion of large-grain organo-mineral complexes, which was helping to preserve the inorganic nitrogen fertilizer application. Therefore, organic and inorganic compound application was an effective measure for long-term fertilization management of red paddy soils.

Key words: long-term fertilization, red paddy soil, organo-mineral complex, organic carbon, total nitrogen