机插杂交稻制种异交结实特性研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.20.004

中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (20): 3960-3974.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.20.004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

机插杂交稻制种异交结实特性研究

黄帮超¹(), 陶有凤¹, 秦琴¹^,², 李卉¹, 周中林¹, 郭金岳¹, 邓田田¹, 雷小龙¹, 孙博腾¹, 周高子¹, 贾媛丽¹, 任万军¹()

¹ 四川农业大学农学院/西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室，四川温江 611130
² 成都农业科技职业学院，四川温江 611130

收稿日期:2023-02-13 接受日期:2023-04-14 出版日期:2023-10-16 发布日期:2023-10-31
通信作者:
任万军，E-mail：rwjun@126.com
联系方式: 黄帮超，Tel：18183261143;E-mail：2464593576@qq.com。
基金资助:
四川省产业体系水稻创新团队项目(sccxtd-2021-01); 四川省育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0005)

Investigation on Outcrossing Seed-Setting Characteristics of Machine- Transplanted Hybrid Rice Seed Production

HUANG BangChao¹(), TAO YouFeng¹, QIN Qin¹^,², LI Hui¹, ZHOU ZhongLin¹, GUO JinYue¹, DENG TianTian¹, LEI XiaoLong¹, SUN BoTeng¹, ZHOU GaoZi¹, JIA YuanLi¹, REN WanJun¹()

¹ College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming Systems in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan
² Chengdu Agricultural College, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan

Received:2023-02-13 Accepted:2023-04-14 Published:2023-10-16 Online:2023-10-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确机插制种不育系的穗部结实特性，探究机插制种模式杂交水稻种子产量较低的原因，为提高杂交水稻机插制种异交结实率及产量提供理论依据。【方法】选用雅恢2115×宜香1A、成恢727×蜀21A为材料，于2020—2021年在崇州开展大田试验，设置机插和人工移栽2种方式;抽穗开花时通过调查恢复系和不育系的抽穗情况来判断花遇状态，成熟期考察不育系穗部结实情况，统计分析2种栽插方式下不育系各行、各穗位及不同枝梗结实特性。【结果】（1）以人工移栽花期相遇设置播栽期情况下，2个组合机插恢复系和不育系花期偏移分别为3—4 d和6—8 d，花遇指数介于33.33%—55.56%，花遇程度较差;人工移栽恢复系和不育系花期完全重合，花遇指数为100%。（2）不同栽插方式整体结实率表现为机插<人工移栽，与人工移栽相比，机插结实率降低33.45%。（3）不育系第1—6行穗部结实率呈逐渐降低趋势，同行不育系花期相遇程度高的处理结实率更高。（4）不育系穗上部授粉姿态好，叶片和穗对花粉的遮挡作用小;正常授粉条件下，不育系穗位结实率均表现为上部>中部>下部，而空粒率则为下部>中部>上部，且各穗位间差异极显著。（5）不同栽插方式下，不育系一次枝梗结实率均显著高于二次枝梗，机插处理降低了不育系一、二次枝梗结实率。机插处理不育系一、二次枝梗黑粉病籽粒数无显著差异，人工移栽处理二次枝梗黑粉病籽粒显著高于一次枝梗。（6）2个组合机插处理连续2年亲本花遇程度均较差，制种实际产量表现为机插<人工移栽，2年分别降低39.34%与41.48%。【结论】不育系较恢复系花期偏移长3—4 d，导致花遇状态差是机插制种结实低于人工移栽的第一要素，而远离恢复系的不育系和穗中下部的结实率低是机插整体结实率低的主要原因，秕粒与病粒对结实率和产量的影响相对较小。不育系穗部结实特性不仅影响制种产量，同时能指导花期调节。通过安排机插亲本盛花期相遇的播差期提高亲本花遇程度、规范赶粉操作提高授粉效果、加强田间管理减少秕粒和病粒的发生来调节结实率进而提高产量。

关键词: 杂交稻, 机械化制种, 不育系, 花期, 结实率, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this research is to clarify the panicle seeding characteristics of sterile lines in machine- transplanted seed production and explore the reasons for the lower seed yield of hybrid rice in mechanized seed production mode. 【Method】Two combinations of Chenghui 727×Shu 21A and Yahui 2115×Yixiang 1A were selected as the materials, and the field experiment was conducted in Chongzhou from 2020 to 2021. Two methods of machine and hand-transplanted were utilized. During the heading to flowering stage, the state of flower synchronization was judged by the heading condition of restorer line and sterile line, and panicle seeding condition of sterile line was investigated at maturity stage. Statistical analysis of seeding characteristics of sterile line in different rows, panicle positions and different branches under two transplanting methods. 【Result】 (1) Under the condition of flower synchronization, the hand-transplanted restorer line and sterile line had a complete coincidence of flowering period with a flower synchronization index of 100%. On the other hand, the machine-transplanted restorer lines and sterile line had a flowering deviation of 3-4 days and 6-8 days, respectively, resulting in poor flower synchronization with a flower synchronization index of 33.33%-55.56%. (2) The overall setting rate was lower in the machine-transplanted group compared to the hand-transplanted group, with a 33.45% reduction in the setting rate of machine-transplanted. (3) The setting rate of panicles in rows 1-6 of sterile line showed a gradual decrease trend, and a higher setting rate was observed in the flower synchronization treatment in the same line. (4) The upper part panicles of the sterile line had a good pollination posture with a small shielding effect on the pollen. Under normal pollination conditions, the panicle setting rate of sterile line was significantly shown as upper> middle > lower part, while the empty grain rate was lower> middle > upper part. (5) The setting rate of primary branches of sterile line was significantly higher than that of secondary branches under different transplanting methods. The machine-transplanted treatment further reduced the setting rate of primary and secondary branches of sterile line. The primary and secondary branch ustilagomaydis grains of sterile line showed no significant difference under the machine-transplanted treatment, whereas the secondary branch ustilagomaydis grains were significantly higher than the primary branches under the hand-transplanted treatment. (6) The flower synchronization of the restorer line and sterile line was poor under the machine-transplanted treatment, resulting in lower actual seed production yield than the hand-transplanted group. The seed production yield decreased by 39.34% and 41.48% in two years. 【Conclusion】The flowering deviation of the sterile line was found to be 3-4 days longer than that of the restorer line, which resulted in poor flower synchronization. This is the primary reason for the lower setting rate of machine-transplanted compared to hand-transplanted. Additionally, the low setting rate of sterile line in the middle and lower parts of the panicle, as well as those further away from the restorer line, further contributes to the low overall setting rate in machine-transplanted. However, the effects of blighted and infected grains on the setting rate and yield were found to be relatively small. To improve the setting rate of hybrid rice in machine-transplanted seed production mode, we suggest the following measures. Arrange the sowing of machine-transplanted parents at different intervals during the full flowering stage to improve the degree of flower synchronization. Standardize the pollination operation to improve the effectiveness of pollination. Strengthen field management to reduce the occurrence of blighted and infected grains. By implementing these measures, we can improve the yield of hybrid rice in machine-transplanted seed production mode.

Key words: hybrid rice, mechanized seed production, sterile line, flowering, seed setting rate, yield

黄帮超, 陶有凤, 秦琴, 李卉, 周中林, 郭金岳, 邓田田, 雷小龙, 孙博腾, 周高子, 贾媛丽, 任万军. 机插杂交稻制种异交结实特性研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(20): 3960-3974.

HUANG BangChao, TAO YouFeng, QIN Qin, LI Hui, ZHOU ZhongLin, GUO JinYue, DENG TianTian, LEI XiaoLong, SUN BoTeng, ZHOU GaoZi, JIA YuanLi, REN WanJun. Investigation on Outcrossing Seed-Setting Characteristics of Machine- Transplanted Hybrid Rice Seed Production[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(20): 3960-3974.

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品种 Variety	株高 Plant height (cm)	主茎叶数 Leaf number of main stems	播始历期 DSH (d)	穗粒数 No. of grains per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
成恢727 Chenghui 727	110.0	16—17	110.0	130	29.5
蜀21A Shu 21A	90.0	14—15	85.0	120—150	27.0
雅恢2115 Yahui 2115	114.0	15—16	115.0	169	29.3
宜香1A Yixiang 1A	85.8	14—15	90.5	120	30.5

品种 Variety	播种时间Sowing date (M/D)		播种量 Seeding rate (G/T)	移栽时间 Transplanting date (M/D)	移栽叶龄 Transplanting leaf age	行距 Row space (cm)	穴距 Colum space (cm)	穴苗数 Seedling number per hole
品种 Variety	播期Ⅰ Seeding age Ⅰ	播期Ⅱ Seeding age Ⅱ	播种量 Seeding rate (G/T)	移栽时间 Transplanting date (M/D)	移栽叶龄 Transplanting leaf age	行距 Row space (cm)	穴距 Colum space (cm)	穴苗数 Seedling number per hole
成恢727 Chenghui 727	3/21	3/28	3000	4/30	3.7	30	20	4
蜀21A Shu 21A	4/28		3700	5/28	3.1	30	12	5
雅恢2115 Yahui 2115	3/26	4/2	3000	5/5	3.6	30	20	4
宜香1A Yixiang 1A	4/21		3700	5/21	2.9	30	12	5

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	始穗日期 Initial heading date (M/D)	齐穗日期 Full heading date (M/D)	完穗日期 End heading date (M/D)	播始历期 DSH (d)	播种-盛穗历期 DSFH (d)	盛穗历期 DFH (d)	抽穗历期 Duration of heading (d)
2020	成恢727 Chenghui 727	AT	7/17	7/22	7/26	118	123	5	9
	成恢727 Chenghui 727	MT	7/21	7/27	7/30	122	128	6	9
	蜀21A Shu 21A	AT	7/19	7/23	7/24	82	121	4	5
	蜀21A Shu 21A	MT	7/27	7/31	8/1	90	126	4	5
	雅恢2115 Yahui 2115	AT	7/21	7/27	7/28	117	88	6	7
	雅恢2115 Yahui 2115	MT	7/25	7/29	8/1	121	94	4	7
	宜香1A Yixiang 1A	AT	7/20	7/23	7/25	90	94	3	5
	宜香1A Yixiang 1A	MT	7/28	8/1	8/2	98	102	4	5
2021	成恢727 Chenghui 727	AT	7/19	7/23	7/25	116	120	4	6
	成恢727 Chenghui 727	MT	7/22	7/25	7/28	119	122	3	6
	蜀21A Shu 21A	AT	7/18	7/22	7/24	79	83	4	6
	蜀21A Shu 21A	MT	7/26	7/31	8/1	87	92	5	6
	雅恢2115 Yahui 2115	AT	7/21	7/25	7/27	118	122	4	6
	雅恢2115 Yahui 2115	MT	7/24	7/28	7/30	121	125	4	6
	宜香1A Yixiang 1A	AT	7/20	7/24	7/26	88	92	4	6
	宜香1A Yixiang 1A	MT	7/26	7/30	8/1	94	98	4	6

年份 Year	组合 Combination	处理 Treatment	花遇指数 Flower synchronization index (%)	结实率 Grain filling rate (%)	空粒率 Grain empty rate (%)	秕粒率 Grain blighted rate (%)	病粒率 Grain infected rate (%)
2020	成恢727×蜀21A Chenghui 727×Shu 21A	AT	100.00a	31.43a	55.71c	0.83a	12.04a
	成恢727×蜀21A Chenghui 727×Shu 21A	MT	43.75c	19.58b	69.81b	1.68a	8.93a
	雅恢2115×宜香1A Yahui 2115×Yixiang 1A	AT	100.00a	22.23b	74.62ab	0.36a	2.79b
	雅恢2115×宜香1A Yahui 2115×Yixiang 1A	MT	55.56b	19.80b	77.65a	0.49a	2.05b
2021	成恢727×蜀21A Chenghui 727×Shu 21A	AT	100.00a	27.25a	57.51d	1.30b	13.93a
	成恢727×蜀21A Chenghui 727×Shu 21A	MT	33.33b	17.15c	63.82c	3.20a	15.83a
	雅恢2115×宜香1A Yahui 2115×Yixiang 1A	AT	100.00a	23.09b	69.44b	0.98b	6.49b
	雅恢2115×宜香1A Yahui 2115×Yixiang 1A	MT	36.36b	12.68d	79.07a	1.14b	7.11b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗位 Ear	结实率 Grain filling rate (%)		空粒率 Grain empty rate (%)		秕粒率 Grain blighted rate (%)		病粒率 Grain infected rate (%)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗位 Ear	S	Y	S	Y	S	Y	S	Y
2020	AT	上部Upper	34.40a	28.04a	54.00d	69.17d	0.68a	0.22b	10.91a	2.57ab
		中部Middle	33.16a	23.53abc	54.47d	73.36bcd	0.86a	0.51ab	11.51a	2.60ab
		下部Lower	24.56b	17.37de	60.22cd	79.36ab	1.00a	0.23b	14.22a	3.04a
	MT	上部Upper	23.91b	24.15ab	64.73bc	72.98cd	1.48a	0.33ab	9.88a	2.54ab
		中部Middle	18.93c	19.07cd	70.40ab	78.52abc	1.78a	0.40ab	8.89a	2.00b
		下部Lower	12.38d	13.61ef	77.23a	83.76a	1.82a	0.82a	8.57a	1.81b
2021	AT	上部Upper	34.21a	25.84a	53.11d	66.64c	0.88c	1.16a	11.80b	6.36a
		中部Middle	24.79b	22.78a	58.79c	68.17c	1.42c	0.94a	15.00a	8.12a
		下部Lower	20.89b	17.48b	61.58bc	75.36b	1.85bc	0.86a	15.69a	6.30a
	MT	上部Upper	21.35b	14.90bc	61.39bc	77.90b	2.25bc	0.81a	15.00a	6.38a
		中部Middle	16.63c	11.44cd	63.67b	79.38ab	3.30ab	1.06a	16.40a	8.12a
		下部Lower	9.96d	8.19d	68.77a	83.19a	4.85a	1.66a	16.42a	6.95a

机插杂交稻制种异交结实特性研究

Investigation on Outcrossing Seed-Setting Characteristics of Machine- Transplanted Hybrid Rice Seed Production

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组合 Combination	年份 Year	处理 Treatment	单穴有效穗 Effective panicles per hole	单穗颖花数 Spikelets per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	实际产量 Actual yield (kg·hm^-2)
成恢727×蜀21A Chenghui 727×Shu 21A	2020	AT	9.83b	177.48a	26.61a	1510.62b
	2020	MT	10.78ab	146.24c	22.23c	804.25d
	2021	AT	10.41ab	168.98b	26.00a	1814.48a
	2021	MT	11.06a	136.05d	25.03b	1153.25c
雅恢2115×宜香1A Yahui 2115×Yixiang 1A	2020	AT	10.17a	138.29a	28.53a	1129.51b
	2020	MT	10.89a	113.03c	26.66b	797.16d
	2021	AT	10.71a	141.77a	28.63a	1969.49a
	2021	MT	10.73a	124.93b	26.36b	1060.95c

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