燕麦品种间脂肪酶活性差异及低脂肪酶优质品种的预测

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.21.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究不同品种间燕麦脂肪酶活性的差异机制，分析影响燕麦脂肪酶活性的内在因素，为筛选低脂肪酶优质品种提供理论依据。【方法】选取3个燕麦主产地的6个主栽品种为研究对象，测定其脂肪酶活性、营养指标、物理性状及农艺指标。通过相关性分析筛选与燕麦脂肪酶密切相关的指标，通过聚类分析将多个燕麦样品按脂肪酶活性分类，通过主成分分析将具有相关性的数据组转化为便于统计分析的综合变量，考察燕麦品种间的脂肪酶活性差异;结合灰色关联度与多元逐步回归的分析方法，得出各品种与理想品种的关联度，并以脂肪酶活性为因变量，拟合得出脂肪酶活性预测模型，筛选低脂肪酶活性优质品种。【结果】脂肪酶活性与粗脂肪含量呈显著正相关（r=0.32，P<0.05），且脂肪含量、不饱和脂肪酸含量、脂肪酶活性、酸值4个指标的变化趋势一致;脂肪酶活性与粗蛋白含量呈极显著正相关（r=0.46，P<0.01），且脂肪酶活性越高的品种，其位于31—43 kD的电泳条带所占百分比越大;脂肪酶活性与籽粒容重呈极显著负相关（r=-0.71，P<0.01）;脂肪酶活性与生育期呈极显著正相关（r=0.37，P<0.01）;经灰色关联度分析知白燕18号、迪燕1号与理想品种X₀关联度较高，分别为0.951和0.883，属于低脂肪酶且高营养品种;经多元逐步回归，仅保留影响显著的容重与蛋白质含量作为自变量，建立脂肪酶活性预测模型Y（脂肪酶活性）=720.274－2.255×容重（g·L^-1）+75.761×蛋白质含量（%），P<0.01，R²为0.658。【结论】不同品种间燕麦脂肪酶活性差异明显，脂肪含量、蛋白质含量、容重、生育期是燕麦脂肪酶活性的主要影响因素，灰色关联法和逐步回归分析相结合建立的优质品种筛选与脂肪酶活性预测模型，可以有效地对燕麦品种进行综合评价，并优选出低脂肪酶活性品种。

关键词: 燕麦品种, 种植区域, 脂肪酶活性, 相关性分析, 预测模型

Abstract:

【Objective】This study explored the differences and causes of oat lipase activity of different varieties. Providing a theoretical basis for screening varieties with low lipase activity and achieving stable enzyme inactivation effect of oat products. 【Method】Six main varieties of three main oat planting regions were selected for the study, and their lipase activity, nutritional indexes, physical traits, and agronomic indexes were measured. To answer the differences in lipase activity of oat varieties, the indicators significantly related to oat lipase were screened by correlation analysis. Through cluster analysis, classified multiple oat samples by lipase activity. Transform data having correlations into composite variables for statistical analysis by principal component analysis. To derive a predictive model for lipase activity, an analytical method combining gray correlation and multiple stepwise regression was used. The indicators correlating with lipase activity were used as independent variables, and the lipase activity was used as dependent variables for quantitative model fitting. 【Result】Lipase activity was significantly positively correlated with crude fat content (r=0.32, P<0.05), and the various trends of fat content, unsaturated fatty acid content, lipase activity, and acid value were consistent. Lipase activity was significantly positively correlated with crude protein content (r=0.46, P<0.01), and the higher lipase activity was, the higher percentage of electrophoretic bands located in 31-43 kD were. It was significantly negatively correlated with grain test weight (r=-0.71, P<0.01) and positively associated with growth period (r=0.37, P<0.01). Baiyan 18 and Diyan 1 had low lipase activity and high nutrition varieties according to grey relational analysis, and the relevance value with ideal variety X₀ were 0.951 and 0.883, respectively. Stepwise regression analysis only retained the test weight and protein content as independent variables. The prediction model of lipase activity was established as Y=720.274-2.255×test weight (g·L^-1)+75.761× protein content (%), P<0.01, R²=0.658.【Conclusion】The varieties had significant effects on oat lipase activity. Protein content, fat content, test weight, and growth period were the main influencing factors of oat lipase activity. Grey relational analysis combined with stepwise regression analysis could be used to comprehensively evaluate oat varieties effectively and quickly select varieties with low lipase activity.

Key words: oat varieties, planting area, lipase activity, correlation analysis, prediction model

相玉婷, 王晓龙, 胡新中, 任长忠, 郭来春, 李璐. 燕麦品种间脂肪酶活性差异及低脂肪酶优质品种的预测[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(21): 4104-4117.

XIANG YuTing, WANG XiaoLong, HU XinZhong, REN ChangZhong, GUO LaiChun, LI Lu. Lipase Activity Difference of Oat Varieties and Prediction of Low Lipase Activity Variety with High Quality[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(21): 4104-4117.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.21.002

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2022/V55/I21/4104

图/表 12

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不同品种燕麦品质指标测定结果"

品种 Variety	营养指标（干基）Nutritive index (dry)												物理指标Physical index						脂肪酶活性 Lipase activity (µmol·h^-1·g^-1)			生育期 Period of duration (d)
	粗脂肪 Crude lipid (%)			粗蛋白 Crude protein (%)			粗淀粉 Crude starch (%)			β-葡聚糖 β-glucan (%)			千粒重 Thousand seed weight (g)			容重 Test weight (g·L^-1)			脂肪酶活性 Lipase activity (µmol·h^-1·g^-1)			生育期 Period of duration (d)
	平均值 Mean	变幅 Range	变异系数SV	平均值 Mean	变幅 Range	变异系数SV	平均值 Mean	变幅 Range	变异系数SV	平均值 Mean	变幅 Range	变异系数SV	平均值 Mean	变幅 Range	变异系数SV	平均值 Mean	变幅 Range	变异系数 SV	平均值 Mean	变幅 Range	变异系数SV	平均值 Mean	变幅 Range	变异系数SV
迪燕1号 Diyan 1	6.62a	6.17- 6.99	3.92	14.44ab	14.20- 14.70	1.04	61.47b	60.20- 62.37	1.40	4.06a	3.73- 4.39	4.93	27.11c	25.64- 27.97	2.95	720.57ab	695.25- 740.05	2.49	168.31ab	83.23- 235.64	39.10	99b	82- 108	12.70
魏都莜5号 Weiduyou 5	6.55a	6.16- 6.97	4.48	14.87bc	14.23- 15.31	3.03	60.37ab	58.53- 62.01	1.97	4.41b	4.23- 4.60	3.17	23.92b	22.49- 26.13	5.48	729.24b	712.00- 748.40	1.90	206.02abc	122.29- 334.00	43.62	89ab	76- 101	12.20
晋燕17号 Jinyan 17	6.12a	5.41- 6.57	6.80	14.99c	14.39- 15.81	3.27	59.38a	58.40 -60.10	0.98	4.82c	4.32- 5.22	6.85	24.50b	23.51- 24.87	2.00	727.19b	708.65- 741.83	1.87	220.91bc	86.90- 310.93	45.71	91ab	79- 104	12.02
张莜9号 Zhangyou 9	6.54a	5.79- 7.71	11.65	14.58bc	13.63- 15.30	4.80	60.45ab	58.69- 62.75	2.45	4.73c	4.18- 5.51	12.26	26.73c	25.62- 27.95	2.62	706.26a	670.30- 726.65	3.27	274.90c	161.01- 387.16	34.09	101b	93- 109	6.90
坝莜18号 Bayou18	6.68a	5.79- 8.25	15.13	14.11a	13.37- 14.65	3.83	61.59b	57.30- 67.21	6.77	4.81c	4.61- 5.03	3.33	26.43c	24.10- 29.44	7.98	703.10a	659.00- 739.10	4.77	163.20ab	84.24- 303.46	67.40	99b	88- 104	8.11
白燕18号 Baiyan18	6.19a	5.02- 6.73	10.53	14.82bc	14.58- 15.20	1.21	60.46ab	58.76- 61.76	1.90	4.78c	4.51- 5.39	6.07	21.27a	19.93- 21.81	2.82	768.66c	764.70- 774.65	0.42	120.74a	77.83- 168.11	28.82	83a	66- 100	17.68

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种植地 Planting region	经度 Longitude (°)	纬度 Latitude (°)	海拔 Altitude (m)	平均气温 Average temperature (℃)	平均降水量 Average precipitation (mm)
山西右玉 Youyu, Shanxi	112.45	40.00	1345.8	5.0	472.3
甘肃通渭 Tongwei, Gansu	104.37	35.57	2450.2	5.5	605.2
河北张北 Zhangbei, Hebei	114.73	41.13	1600.0	4.7	502.1

产地 Planting region	品种 Variety	脂肪含量 Lipid content (%)	不饱和脂肪酸含量 Unsaturated fatty acid content (%)	酸值 Acid value (mg KOH/100 g)	脂肪酶活性 Lipase activity (µmol·h^-1·g^-1)
山西右玉 Youyu, Shanxi	迪燕1号 Diyan 1	6.83±0.13f	78.30±0.16cd	50.67±0.44j	185.74±13.91d
	魏都莜5号 Weiduyou 5	6.74±0.15f	78.37±0.23cd	43.63±0.20f	126.35±6.04b
	晋燕17号 Jinyan 17	6.36±0.19cde	78.74±0.11de	54.24±0.40m	265.24±11.04f
	张莜9号 Zhangyou9	6.25±0.15cd	78.78±0.13de	47.46±0.19h	171.29±8.91c
	坝莜18号 Bayou18	5.65±0.26b	77.75±0.31a	38.73±0.24c	87.15±2.67a
	白燕18号 Baiyan18	6.65±0.08ef	78.24±0.31bc	48.36±0.08i	161.80±6.60c
	平均值 Mean	6.45±0.36	78.34±0.36	47.18±5.11	166.26±56.97
甘肃通渭 Tongwei, Gansu	迪燕1号 Diyan1	6.34±0.19cd	78.36±0.43cd	46.06±0.25g	233.59±1.93e
	魏都莜5号 Weiduyou5	6.21±0.06c	78.35±0.12cd	53.12±0.23l	322.90±13.22h
	晋燕17号 Jinyan17	6.38±0.21cde	78.51±0.01cde	56.72±0.61n	308.62±2.09g
	张莜9号 Zhangyou9	5.86±0.06b	77.85±0.11ab	52.22±0.18k	386.98±0.24i
	坝莜18号 Bayou18	8.01±0.22h	78.74±0.05de	61.14±1.25o	309.76±5.67g
	白燕18号 Baiyan18	6.55±0.12def	77.53±0.22a	41.22±0.30e	117.83±8.20b
	平均值 Mean	6.56±0.71	78.22±0.43	51.75±6.77	279.95±87.75
河北张北 Zhangbei, Hebei	迪燕1号 Diyan1	6.69±0.13f	78.51±0.18cde	40.47±0.14d	85.60±4.05a
	魏都莜5号 Weiduyou5	6.70±0.25f	78.96±0.21e	45.66±0.31h	168.80±2.05c
	晋燕17号 Jinyan17	5.62±0.24b	78.45±0.24cd	37.93±0.08b	88.86±2.84a
	张莜9号 Zhangyou9	7.52±0.22g	78.65±0.15cde	54.60±0.29m	266.43±2.96f
	坝莜18号 Bayou18	6.19±0.08c	77.75±0.02a	40.43±0.18d	92.69±2.22a
	白燕18号 Baiyan18	5.34±0.28a	77.67±0.18a	36.02±0.07a	82.58±4.53a
	平均值 Mean	6.34±0.77	78.30±0.50	42.52±6.34	130.84±69.60

指标 Indicator	迪燕1号 Diyan 1	魏都莜5号 Weiduyou 5	晋燕17号 Jinyan 17	张莜9号 Zhangyou 9	坝莜18号 Bayou 18	白燕18号 Baiyan 18
蛋白Protein	0.992	0.992	0.991	0.977	0.991	0.999
脂肪Lipid	0.999	0.995	0.988	0.991	0.999	0.995
淀粉Starch	0.996	0.955	0.932	0.917	0.984	0.999
β-葡聚糖β-glucan	0.989	0.992	0.997	0.993	1.000	1.000
容重Test weight	0.569	0.512	0.474	0.356	0.556	0.839
千粒重Thousand seed weight	0.999	0.944	0.948	0.963	0.998	0.924
生育期Period of duration	0.932	0.903	0.906	0.985	0.906	0.882
脂肪酶活性Lipase activity	0.584	0.456	0.422	0.334	0.593	0.971
关联度Correlation	0.883	0.844	0.832	0.814	0.878	0.951
排名Rank	2	4	5	6	3	1

变量 Variable	系数 B	标准误差 SD	t检验值 t	<BOLD>显著性</BOLD> <BOLD>P</BOLD>	模型 Model	拟度优合R²
常量Constant	720.274	297.507	2.421	0.019	Y=720.274-2.255×容重+75.761×蛋白质含量	0.658
容重Test weight (g·L^-1)	-2.255	0.268	-8.408	0.000
蛋白质含量Protein content (%)	75.761	14.547	5.208	0.000

品种 Variety	脂肪酶活性测定值Measurement value of lipase activity (µmol·h^-1·g^-1)	排序 Rank	脂肪酶活性预测值 Predictive value of lipase activity (µmol·h^-1·g^-1)	排序 Rank	误差 Error (%)
迪燕1号Diyan 1	168.31	5	189.20	5	12.41
魏都莜5号Weiduyou 5	206.01	3	202.64	4	1.64
晋燕17号Jinyan 17	220.91	2	215.85	2	2.29
张莜9号Zhangyou 9	274.90	1	232.59	1	15.39
坝莜18号Bayou 18	163.20	4	203.58	3	24.74
白燕18号Baiyan 18	120.77	6	109.72	6	9.15