1-60日龄文昌鸡母鸡净能需要量预测模型研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.22.015

中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (22): 4552-4560.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.22.015

• 畜牧·兽医 • 上一篇

1-60日龄文昌鸡母鸡净能需要量预测模型研究

徐小静¹^,²^,³(), 魏立民²^,³, 赵少猛¹, 赵桂苹¹^,²^,³, 张敏红¹, 冯京海¹()

¹ 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所/畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室，北京 100193
² 海南省农业科学院三亚研究院（海南省实验动物研究中心），海南三亚 572025
³ 海南省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所，海口 571100

收稿日期:2023-02-12 接受日期:2023-04-04 出版日期:2023-11-16 发布日期:2023-11-17
通信作者: 冯京海，E-mail：fengjinghai@caas.cn
联系方式: 徐小静，E-mail：15931897717@qq.com。
基金资助:
农业农村部文昌鸡优势特色产业集群项目(WCSCICP20211106); 国家现代农业肉鸡产业技术体系专项(CARS-41-Z12); 中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS07)

Modeling Net Energy Requirement of 1-60 Days Old Wenchang Hen

XU XiaoJing¹^,²^,³(), WEI LiMin²^,³, ZHAO ShaoMeng¹, ZHAO GuiPing¹^,²^,³, ZHANG MinHong¹, FENG JingHai¹()

¹ Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Beijing 100193
² Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Hainan experimental animal research center), Sanya 572025, Hainan
³ Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571100

Received:2023-02-12 Accepted:2023-04-04 Published:2023-11-16 Online:2023-11-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】通过对1—60日龄文昌鸡母鸡净能需要量预测模型进行研究，为文昌鸡的高效养殖提供科学依据。【方法】采用析因法，通过2个试验分别测定1—30日龄和31—60日龄两个阶段文昌鸡母鸡的生长净能需要量（NEg）和维持净能需要量（NEm）。试验一选择1日龄健康母雏300只，随机分为6个重复，常规饲养至56日龄。每周测定文昌鸡的体重（BW）和体净能（BE），以BW为自变量建立线性回归模型，斜率即为文昌鸡每克增重所需的NEg。试验二分两个阶段研究文昌鸡母鸡的NEm。分别选择1日龄和31日龄体重接近的健康母鸡240只，随机分为4个处理组，每个处理组6个重复。4个处理组饲喂相同的代谢日粮，分别为自由采食组、限饲20%、40%和60%组。每个阶段试验期30 d。在试验中期（14日龄和44日龄），连续收集3d排泄物，测定不同饲喂水平下日粮的表观代谢能值（AME）；每个阶段的起始和结束时，测定文昌鸡母鸡的BE，计算净能沉积量（RE）、代谢能摄入量（MEi）和产热量（HP，HP = MEi-RE），建立HP的对数与MEi之间的回归模型：lg(HP) = a + b×MEi；计算当MEi = 0时的HP，即为文昌鸡母鸡的NEm。【结果】随日龄增加，文昌鸡母鸡的BW、日增重（ADG）、采食量（ADFI）、料重比（F/G）和BE呈线性显著增加（P<0.001）。1—30日龄和31—60日龄文昌鸡母鸡的NEg分别为8.20和12.07 kJ·g^-1。限饲显著影响饲料的AME值（P<0.001）；随采食量降低，MEi及HP显著降低（P<0.001）；MEi与HP之间呈显著的对数回归关系（R²=0.91和0.90，P<0.001），计算得出1—30日龄和31—60日龄文昌鸡母鸡的NEm分别为300.61和398.11 kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1。【结论】文昌鸡母鸡1—30日龄和31—60日龄两个阶段的NEg和NEm存在明显差异；根据BW和ADG可以预测文昌鸡母鸡的每日净能需要量，预测模型分别为：NE_1-30d= 300.61×BW^0.75+ 8.20×ADG和NE_31-60d = 398.11×BW^0.75+12.07×ADG。

关键词: 文昌鸡母鸡, 维持净能需要量, 生长净能需要量, 生长阶段, 预测模型

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to determine the net energy requirements of Wenchang hens aged 1-60 days, so as to provide a scientific basis for efficient breeding of Wenchang hens. 【Method】The net energy requirements of growth (NEg) and maintenance (NEm) of Wenchang hens aged 1-30 and 31-60 days were estimated by factorial method. In experiment 1, three hundred 1-day-old healthy Wenchang chicken chicks were randomly divided into 6 replicates and routinely fed until 56 days of age. The body weight (BW) and net body energy (BE) of Wenchang hens were measured every week, and then a linear regression model between BW and BE was established. The slope was the NEg of Wenchang hen. The NEm of Wenchang hens was investigated in two phases. Two hundred and forty healthy Wenchang hens with similar BW were selected at 1 and 31 days of age, respectively. The birds were randomly divided into four treatment groups with six replicates. The four treatment groups were fed the same metabolic diets, which were ad libitum, 20%, 40% and 60% restricted. Test period was 30 days per period. During the middle stage of the experiment (14 and 44 days old), excreta were collected continuously for 3 days to determine dietary apparent metabolizable energy (AME) at different feeding levels; at the beginning and end of each stage, retained energy (RE), metabolizable energy intake (MEi) and heat production (HP, HP = MEi-RE) of Wenchang hens were measured, and a regression model between the logarithm of HP and MEi was established: lg(HP) = a + b×MEi; the HP when MEi = 0 was calculated, which was the NEm of Wenchang hens.【Result】With the increase of age, BW, daily gain (ADG), feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (G/F) and BE of Wenchang hens significantly increased (P<0.001). The NEg value was 8.20 and 12.07 kJ·g^-1 in Wenchang hens aged 1-30 days and 31-60 days, respectively. Restriction significantly increased the AME value of diet (P<0.001); MEi and HP significantly decreased with the decrease of food intake (P<0.001); there was a significant logarithmic regression relationship between MEi and log HP (R²= 0.91 and 0.90, P<0.001), and the NEm value at 1-30 days and 31-60 days of age was 300.61 and 398.11 kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1, respectively. 【Conclusion】The NEg and NEm of Wenchang hens were different at different growth stages, and the daily net energy requirement of Wenchang hens could be predicted according to BW and ADG. The prediction models were: NE_1-30d= 300.61×BW^0.75+ 8.20×ADG and NE_31-60d = 398.11×BW^0.75 + 12.07×ADG.

Key words: Wenchang hen, net energy requirement for maintenance, net energy requirement for growth, growth stage, predictive model

徐小静, 魏立民, 赵少猛, 赵桂苹, 张敏红, 冯京海. 1-60日龄文昌鸡母鸡净能需要量预测模型研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(22): 4552-4560.

XU XiaoJing, WEI LiMin, ZHAO ShaoMeng, ZHAO GuiPing, ZHANG MinHong, FENG JingHai. Modeling Net Energy Requirement of 1-60 Days Old Wenchang Hen[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(22): 4552-4560.

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参考文献 33

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原料组成 Ingredients (%)	1-30日龄 1-30 days	31-60日龄 31-60 days	营养水平 Nutrients (%)	1-30日龄 1-30 days	31-60日龄 31-60 days
玉米Corn	53.07	61.83	代谢能 ME ((MJ·kg^-1)²⁾	12.48	12.84
豆粕 Soybean meal	38.50	30.00	粗蛋白质CP²⁾	20.80	18.03
豆油 Soybean oil	3.70	3.90	钙 Ca	0.95	0.85
食盐NaCl	0.40	0.30	总磷TAP	0.77	0.63
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	1.79	1.30	有效磷 AP	0.40	0.30
石粉Limestone	1.14	1.26	赖氨酸 Lys	1.15	1.00
预混料 Premix¹⁾	1.00	1.00	蛋氨酸 Met	0.45	0.40
DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met	0.14	0.13	苏氨酸 Thr	0.80	0.68
赖氨酸 Lys	0.00	0.08	色氨酸 Try	0.25	0.20
胆碱Choline	0.26	0.20
合计 Total	100	100

周龄 Week	末体重 Final body weight (g)	平均日增重 Average daily gain (g)	平均日采食量 Average daily feed intake (g)	料重比 Feed : weight (g·g^-1)
0	27.98i
1	64.45h	5.39e	7.72h	1.48d
2	115.58g	8.39d	14.18g	1.94c
3	207.36f	13.39c	23.59f	1.80cd
4	312.13e	14.68c	31.97e	2.14c
5	411.27d	14.91c	40.01d	2.85b
6	540.00c	18.96ab	46.41c	2.54b
7	689.80b	21.26a	56.69b	2.66b
8	820.84a	18.52b	65.59a	3.64a
SEM	15.31	2.02	1.87	0.32
P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

周龄 Week(week)	体净能 Body net energy (kJ)	体净能含量 Body net energy content (kJ·g^-1)	体蛋白含量 Body protein content (g·g^-1)	体脂肪含量 Body lipids content (g·g^-1)
0	151h	5.39f	0.15e	0.05f
1	448h	6.95e	0.16e	0.08e
2	878g	7.60d	0.19d	0.09de
3	1615f	7.78d	0.19cd	0.09cd
4	2476e	7.92cd	0.20bcd	0.09cde
5	3484d	8.47c	0.20bc	0.11c
6	5295c	9.81b	0.21ab	0.14b
7	6809b	9.87b	0.20b	0.15ab
8	8608 a	10.48a	0.22a	0.16a
SEM	353.00	0.51	0.010	0.013
P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

组别 Group	末体重 Final body weight (g)	平均日增重 Average daily gain (g)	平均日采食量 Average daily feed intake (g)	料重比 Feed : weight (g·g^-1)
1-30日龄 1-30d
自由采食组（AL）	330.5a	10.05a	21.42a	2.13
20%限饲组（20%RF）	276.2b	8.24b	17.34b	2.11
40%限饲组（40%RF）	211.1c	6.06c	13.01c	2.15
60%限饲组（60%RF）	152.3d	4.11d	8.67d	2.12
SEM	5.5	0.18	0.34	0.06
P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.708
31-60日龄 31-60d
自由采食组（AL）	831.0a	16.69a	51.04a	3.07c
20%限饲组（20%RF）	697.4b	12.24b	40.44b	3.31c
40%限饲组（40%RF）	554.7c	7.48c	30.33c	4.08b
60%限饲组（60%RF）	412.3d	2.74d	20.22d	7.44a
SEM	21.1	0.71	1.21	0.36
P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

组别 Group	表观代谢能 AME (kJ·kg^-1)	代谢能摄入量 MEi (kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	净能沉积量 RE(kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	产热量 HP (kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)
1-30日龄 1-30d
自由采食组（AL）	12.48c	967.85a	296.65a	697.20a
20%限饲组（20%RF）	12.55c	890.94b	250.16b	640.79b
40%限饲组（40%RF）	12.63b	804.94c	197.46c	607.48c
60%限饲组（60%RF）	12.92a	678.21d	149.78d	528.45d
SEM	0.06	17.30	10.66	24.04
P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
31-60日龄 31-60d
自由采食组（AL）	12.84c	996.18a	252.16a	744.02a
20%限饲组（20%RF）	12.89c	868.39b	163.08b	705.32b
40%限饲组（40%RF）	13.06b	738.67c	87.52c	651.16c
60%限饲组（60%RF）	13.18a	566.50d	-0.91d	567.41d
SEM	0.05	21.22	18.74	27.79
P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

1-60日龄文昌鸡母鸡净能需要量预测模型研究

Modeling Net Energy Requirement of 1-60 Days Old Wenchang Hen

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