中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (18): 3584-3599.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.18.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

近十年安徽省秸秆直接还田研究进展

马超1(),王玉宝1,邬刚2,王泓3,汪建飞3,朱林1,李佳佳4,马晓静5,柴如山1()   

  1. 1安徽农业大学资源与环境学院/农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室,合肥 230036
    2安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,合肥 230031
    3安徽科技学院资源与环境学院,安徽凤阳 233100
    4安徽农业大学农学院,合肥 230036
    5安徽省植物保护总站,合肥 230001
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-13 接受日期:2021-10-08 出版日期:2022-09-16 发布日期:2022-09-22
  • 通讯作者: 柴如山
  • 作者简介:马超,E-mail: chaoma@ahau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32071628);国家自然科学基金(31700452);国家自然科学基金(4187709);安徽省自然科学基金(1808085MD97);安徽省公益性技术应用研究联动计划项目(1604f0704046);安徽省科技重大专项(201903a06020023)

Research Progress of Direct Straw Return in Anhui Province over the Last Decade

Chao MA1(),YuBao WANG1,Gang WU2,Hong WANG3,JianFei WANG3,Lin ZHU1,JiaJia LI4,XiaoJing MA5,RuShan CHAI1()   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University/Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Hefei 230036
    2Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031
    3College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100
    4College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036
    5Anhui Province General Station of Plant Protection, Hefei 230001
  • Received:2021-08-13 Accepted:2021-10-08 Online:2022-09-16 Published:2022-09-22
  • Contact: CHAI RuShan

摘要:

秸秆直接还田是当前农民应用最广泛的一种秸秆利用方式。安徽作为农业大省,同时也是秸秆产出大省,近年来积极推广秸秆还田并在相关方面形成了自己的研究特色。本文系统总结了2011年以来安徽省在秸秆直接还田技术及秸秆还田对土壤肥力、作物生长和产量、农田生态环境的影响等方面重要进展,以期为全面和深入开展秸秆还田研究提供参考,进一步推动秸秆资源高效利用。分析显示,安徽省秸秆直接还田研究工作近10年的进展主要体现在以下方面:(1)从秸秆还田方式和化肥配施运筹等方面对秸秆直接还田技术进行了优化;(2)拓宽了秸秆还田对土壤理化和生物学性质影响的研究范畴,开始关注土壤有机碳化学结构和土壤微生物群落组成等;(3)开始探究秸秆还田对作物病虫草害等的影响,并日益重视秸秆还田在农田氮磷流失、温室气体排放等方面的环境效应。综上,安徽省秸秆直接还田研究呈现出从以关注作物生产为主延伸到兼顾农田生态环境效应的发展趋向。今后,安徽省秸秆直接还田研究应该在补齐区域短板、拓展研究内容、探明环境效应及深化机理探究等方面重点推进。

关键词: 安徽省, 秸秆直接还田, 还田技术, 土壤肥力, 作物产量, 环境效应

Abstract:

The returning straw directly to the field is the most widely adopted approach of straw utilization. Anhui is an important agricultural province with abundant main grain crop straw resources. In recent years, the direct straw return was actively promoted and a series of relative research were conducted in Anhui Province. In order to provide reference for the development of more in-depth research and promote the efficient utilization of straw resources, the recent important advances in straw direct returning technology and the effects of straw incorporation on soil fertility, crop production and agricultural eco-environment in Anhui Province were reviewed in this paper. The research progress of direct straw return in Anhui Province over the last decade were mainly embodied in the following aspects. (1) The technology of straw direct returning was optimized from manner of straw returning and combined application of chemical fertilizers. (2) The introduction of chemical structure of soil organic matter and soil microbial community structure broadened the research field concerning the effects of direct straw return on soil physical, chemical and biological properties. (3) The impact of straw incorporation on crop diseases, insect pests and weeds was beginning to be explored, and the increasingly attention was being paid to the environmental effects of straw return on nitrogen and phosphorus loss and greenhouse gas emission. Therefore, it could be concluded that the research on direct straw return in Anhui Province presented the transformation from a focus on crop production to more attention on eco-environmental effects. In the future, the study on straw directly returning to the field in Anhui Province should be strengthened from the following aspects: improving regional weak links, expanding research contents, clarifying environmental effects, and deepening mechanism exploration.

Key words: Anhui Province, straw directly returning, returning technique, soil fertility, crop yield, environmental effects