中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5): 856-873.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.05.003

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

南方地区120份甜、糯玉米自交系重要目标性状和育种潜力分析

冯宣军1(),潘立腾1(),熊浩1,汪青军1,李静威1,张雪梅1,胡尔良1,林海建1,郑洪建2,卢艳丽1()   

  1. 1四川农业大学玉米研究所,四川温江 611130
    2上海市农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所,上海 201403
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-24 接受日期:2021-10-21 出版日期:2022-03-01 发布日期:2022-03-08
  • 通讯作者: 卢艳丽
  • 作者简介:冯宣军,E-mail: xuanjunfeng@sicau.edu.cn。|潘立腾,E-mail: 441400904@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技厅应用基础研究(2020YJ0350);成都市国际科技合作项目(2020-GH02-00027-HZ);四川省科技计划(2021JDRC0124);国家自然科学基金(31801371)

Investigation on Important Target Traits and Breeding Potential of 120 Sweet and Waxy Maize Inbred Lines in the South of China

FENG XuanJun1(),PAN LiTeng1(),XIONG Hao1,WANG QingJun1,LI JingWei1,ZHANG XueMei1,HU ErLiang1,LIN HaiJian1,ZHENG HongJian2,LU YanLi1()   

  1. 1Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan
    2Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403
  • Received:2021-08-24 Accepted:2021-10-21 Online:2022-03-01 Published:2022-03-08
  • Contact: YanLi LU

摘要:

【目的】评价120份甜、糯玉米自交系的产量、品质和农艺性状,解析各性状间的相关性,筛选优良自交系,开展育种潜力评价。【方法】测定120份甜、糯玉米自交系的农艺性状(花期、株高、穗位高)、产量性状(鲜苞穗重、鲜穗重、鲜粒重等)及品质性状(皮渣率、糖度、粗蛋白、粗淀粉、脂肪含量等)。选择产量、糖度、皮渣率最优的前50%自交系开展完全双列杂交试验和配合力测定。利用相同的方法对杂交组合材料进行性状调查,同时通过人工品尝对气味、色泽、糯性/甜度、风味、柔嫩度、细腻度共6个方面进行打分,并获得综合得分,与对照品种进行比较,评价杂交组合的利用价值。【结果】参试甜、糯玉米自交系皮渣率、产量、糖度的变异系数分别达到20%、30%和10%,有较大的遗传变异基础。皮渣率、产量、糖度等大部分性状的广义遗传力在50%以上,说明具有较高的遗传稳定性。甜玉米群体中开花期与糖度呈显著负相关,与产量和皮渣率呈显著正相关;产量与皮渣率呈显著正相关,与糖度相关性不显著。结果表明,甜玉米育种的目标性状口感好与高产不易兼得,生产中应该适当选择早花短生育期材料。糯玉米群体中皮渣率与开花期、产量性状存在显著负相关,而糖度与开花期、产量性状无显著相关性,表明糯玉米育种的目标性状口感好与高产可同时兼得,生产中应该适当选择晚花长生育期材料。在甜玉米自交系中分别鉴定到产量性状一般配合力(general combining ability,GCA)效应值为正值、糖度GCA效应值为正值和皮渣率GCA效应值为负值的自交系各3个。在糯玉米自交系中分别鉴定到产量性状GCA效应值为正值的自交系3个,糖度GCA效应值为正值的自交系3个,皮渣率GCA效应值为负值的自交系4个。筛选获得6个综合育种潜力较大的甜、糯玉米组合,4个有应用潜力的紫黑色甜玉米组合,1个粒色有较大应用价值的自交系SICAU76。【结论】收集的甜、糯玉米自交系存在较大的遗传变异。花期性状与品质性状间有较强的内在联系。依据其相关性,甜玉米生产应适当选择早花短生育期材料,糯玉米生产应适当选择晚花长生育期材料。

关键词: 鲜食玉米, 产量, 品质, 育种潜力

Abstract:

【Objective】To investigate the agronomy, yield and quality traits of 120 sweet and waxy maize inbred lines, and analyze the correlation between different traits and evaluate the breeding potential by using candidate inbred lines. 【Method】 Investigating the general agronomic traits (flowering time, plant height, ear height), yield traits (fresh bud ear weight, fresh ear weight, fresh kernel weight, etc.) and quality traits (residue rate, brix, crude protein, crude starch, crude fat, etc.). The top 50% inbred lines with high yield and brix, and low residue rate were selected to determine the General Combining Ability (GCA) via diallel crossing. The same method was used to investigate the traits of the hybrid combinations, and the artificial score of taste was applied to six traits of smell, cheerful color, waxy/sweetness, flavor, tenderness and fineness, and the comprehensive score was obtained. The utilization value of the hybrid combinations was evaluated by comparing with the control varieties. 【Result】 The coefficients of variation of residue rate, yield, and sugar content of the tested inbred lines reached 20%, 30%, and 10%, respectively, implying there is a large genetic variation. The generalized heritability of most traits such as residue rate, yield and sugar content are above 50%, indicating that these traits have high genetic stability. In the sweet corn population, flowering time is negatively correlated with sugar content, and positively correlated with yield and residue rate. Yield is positively correlated with residue rate, but has no significant correlation with sugar content. These results suggested that it is not easy to have both good taste and high yield in sweet corn breeding, and that moderate early flowering materials will be better in field. In the waxy corn population, residue rate is negatively correlated with flowering time and yield traits, while the sugar content has no significant correlation with flowering time and yield traits. These results suggested that good taste and high yield can be achieved simultaneously in waxy maize breeding, and that moderate late flowering will be better in field. In the candidate sweet corn inbred lines, there are 3 lines have been identified to have positive GCA value for yield traits, brix, and negative GCA value for the residue rate, respectively. In the candidate waxy corn inbred lines, there are 3, 3, and 4 lines have been identified to have positive GCA value for yield traits, brix, and negative GCA value for the residue rate, respectively. Six sweet corn hybrid combinations and six waxy corn hybrid combinations with great comprehensive breeding potential have been isolated. Four black sweet corn hybrid combinations with application potential, and one inbred line SICAU76 with great application value in black grain have been isolated. 【Conclusion】The sweet and waxy corn inbred lines collected in this study have a large degree of genetic variation. The agronomic, yield, and quality traits of sweet and waxy corn have some intrinsic correlation. According to the correlation between flowering time and quality traits, moderate early flowering materials for sweet corn production, and moderate late flowering materials for waxy corn production will be better in field.

Key words: fresh corn, yield, quality, breeding potential