二甲四氯胁迫对谷子幼苗叶片衰老特性和 内源激素含量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.03.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究除草剂二甲四氯对谷子叶片衰老特性以及叶片内源激素含量的影响,探讨谷子幼苗对二甲四氯胁迫的生理反应,为谷子抗除草剂胁迫机制及除草剂的安全使用提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验方法,选用晋谷21号和张杂10号为试验材料,设置二甲四氯剂量分别为0.75、1.50、3.00和6.00 kg·hm ^-2 4个水平。处理后5和15 d,测定谷子幼苗株高、叶面积、叶绿素含量、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数、丙二醛（MDA）含量以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和内源激素含量的变化,并分析了二甲四氯处理下谷子叶片中内源激素含量与光合特性参数、抗氧化酶活性间的相关性。【结果】与对照相比,喷施不同剂量二甲四氯均抑制了谷子的株高和光合作用,谷子叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率（P_n）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、气孔导度（G_s）、PSⅡ最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）和电子传递速率（ETR）均出现不同程度降低;而非光化学猝灭（NPQ）的变化呈相反趋势。此外,二甲四氯对谷子植株光合特性的影响效应随着施药时间的延长逐渐减弱,表现为喷施除草剂15 d后,多数指标可恢复至对照水平。同时,不同剂量二甲四氯处理后均提高了谷子叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性及MDA含量,且随着施药时间的延长呈先升高后降低的趋势。二甲四氯胁迫提高了谷子叶片中脱落酸（ABA）和生长素（IAA）含量,降低了谷子叶片中赤霉素（GA）和玉米素（Zt）含量。ABA含量与叶绿素含量、P_n、F_o和ETR均表现为极显著负相关,与G_s显著负相关;除NPQ外,Zt含量与叶绿素含量和ETR均表现为极显著正相关,与F_o显著正相关。相关分析结果表明,叶片内源激素ABA含量与SOD、POD活性呈显著相关;IAA含量与CAT呈显著正相关;GA含量与POD活性呈显著相关。【结论】二甲四氯处理后,谷子通过提高内源激素Zt含量来降低ABA含量,一方面影响光合速率及光合电子传递等其他光合生理过程;另一方面通过调节内源激素IAA、GA和ABA含量,进而调控SOD、POD和CAT活性,增强对除草剂胁迫的耐性。

关键词: 谷子, 二甲四氯, 抗氧化酶, 光合特性, 内源激素

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of the experiment was to investigate the effect of MCPA on the senescence characteristics of leaves and contents of endogenous hormones in leaves of foxtail millet, and explore the physiological response of foxtail millet seedlings to MCPA stress, which provided a theoretical basis for the mechanism of herbicide resistance and the safe use of herbicide during cultivation.【Method】A pot-grown experiment was conducted with Jingu 21 and Zhangza10 as materials with four dosages (0.75, 1.50, 3.00, 6.00 kg·hm ^-2) of MCPA. After treatment for the 5 d and 15 d, the plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) activity and endogenous hormone content of foxtail millet were determined. In addition, the correlation between endogenous hormone content and photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activity under MCPA stress were analyzed.【Result】Compared with the control, the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s), PSⅡ maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m), and electron transfer rate (ETR) in foxtail millet leaves were decreased with different MCPA dosages treatment; however, the change tendency of non - photochemical quenching (NPQ) is opposite. In addition, the effect of MCPA on the photosynthetic characteristics of foxtail millet gradually decreased with the extension of application time, which showed that most indexes could be restored to the control level after MCPA treatment 15 d. At the same time, SOD, POD, CAT activity and MDA content of foxtail millet leaves were increased with MCPA treatment at different dosages, which showed the trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the extension of application time. MCPA treatment increased abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) content in foxtail millet leaves and decreased gibberellin (GA) and zeatin (Zt) content in foxtail millet leaves. ABA content was significantly negatively correlated with chlorophyll content, P_n, F_o and ETR, and significantly negatively correlated with G_s. Except NPQ, Zt content was significantly positively correlated with chlorophyll content and ETR, and significantly positively correlated with F_o. Correlation analysis showed that ABA content was significantly correlated with the activity of SOD and POD. IAA content was positively correlated with CAT. GA content was significantly correlated with POD activity.【Conclusion】 After MCPA treatment, Zt content was increased and ABA content was decreased in foxtail millet leaves. On the one hand, MCPA affected photosynthetic rate, photoelectron transfer and other photosynthetic physiological processes; while, MCPA regulated endogenous hormone contents including IAA, GA and ABA, which further influence the activity of SOD, POD and CAT and eventually leaded to enhance the tolerance to herbicide stress.

Key words: foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), MCPA, antioxidant enzyme, photosynthetic characteristics, endogenous hormone

郭美俊,白亚青,高鹏,申洁,董淑琦,原向阳,郭平毅. 二甲四氯胁迫对谷子幼苗叶片衰老特性和内源激素含量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(3): 513-526.

GUO MeiJun,BAI YaQing,GAO Peng,SHEN Jie,DONG ShuQi,YUAN XiangYang,GUO PingYi. Effect of MCPA on Leaf Senescence and Endogenous Hormones Content in Leaves of Foxtail Millet Seedlings[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(3): 513-526.

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品种 Cultivars	有效剂量 Effective dosage (kg·hm^-2)	株高 Plant height (cm)		叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)
品种 Cultivars	有效剂量 Effective dosage (kg·hm^-2)	5 DAT	15 DAT	5 DAT	15 DAT
晋谷21号 Jingu 21	0	29.25±0.84a	30.95±0.14a	8.56±0.21a	12.39±0.10a
	0.75	26.65±0.26b	28.55±0.09b	7.51±0.12b	8.27±0.20b
	1.50	24.45±0.32c	26.30±0.06c	7.25±0.06b	8.19±0.06b
	3.00	24.25±0.09c	25.70±0.58c	6.44±0.03c	7.72±0.18c
	6.00	22.15±0.49d	25.25±0.66c	4.44±0.05d	6.90±0.41d
张杂10号 Zhangza 10	0	31.00±0.58a	32.87±0.37a	14.91±0.51a	15.41±1.30a
	0.75	30.43±0.34a	31.97±0.73a	12.86±0.38b	14.24±0.21a
	1.50	25.93±0.86b	28.50±1.04b	11.05±0.43c	11.50±0.33b
	3.00	25.73±0.37b	27.20±0.20b	9.41±0.34d	10.07±0.07b
	6.00	23.00±0.29c	24.33±0.17c	8.39±0.09d	9.43±0.62b

品种 Cultivars	时间 Time	有效剂量 Effective dosage (kg·hm^-2)	超氧化物歧化酶 SOD activity (U·min^-1·g^-1FW)	过氧化物酶活性 POD activity (μmol·min^-1·g^-1 FW)	过氧化氢酶活性 CAT activity (U·min^-1·g^-1 FW)	丙二醛含量 MDA content (nmol·g^-1 FW)
晋谷21号 Jingu 21	5 DAT	0	71.67±2.79d	223.96±7.24c	54.62±0.81d	10.73±0.33e
		0.75	189.42±8.34c	225.08±11.27c	66.71±0.80c	16.94±0.13d
		1.50	247.32±7.30b	226.14±0.23c	68.43±0.42bc	18.52±0.00c
		3.00	319.68±3.09a	284.43±1.29b	70.27±0.64b	29.02±0.19b
		6.00	317.72±5.03a	367.47±3.76a	80.29±1.48a	34.32±0.26a
	15 DAT	0	95.80±1.69c	25.13±0.81e	52.51±1.00b	10.16±0.39c
		0.75	95.80±1.69c	61.75±1.73d	53.05±0.26b	10.16±0.39c
		1.50	104.06±1.75c	76.52±1.54c	64.31±2.38a	11.97±0.39b
		3.00	171.43±6.60b	121.20±0.64a	64.65±0.54a	16.26±0.04a
		6.00	292.85±6.58a	112.09±1.77b	66.44±0.43a	16.94±0.48a
张杂10号 Zhangza 10	5 DAT	0	94.01±0.61d	71.43±5.37d	45.77±1.77d	15.71±0.01c
		0.75	123.96±0.01c	74.20±2.48d	48.12±1.15cd	21.99±0.77b
		1.50	125.38±7.72c	113.24±0.20c	53.29±0.95bc	22.21±1.25b
		3.00	143.19±0.77b	141.06±0.61b	56.13±1.19ab	25.39±0.36a
		6.00	156.78±2.05a	218.56±0.05a	61.26±3.15a	25.66±0.49a
	15 DAT	0	83.56±2.71d	28.71±0.13e	41.78±0.53d	14.90±0.33b
		0.75	88.43±0.27d	83.56±0.95d	43.33±0.73cd	15.70±1.02ab
		1.50	102.22±0.98c	88.98±0.52c	44.76±0.37c	16.40±0.34ab
		3.00	124.70±0.94b	103.26±1.52b	48.29±0.11b	17.21±1.18ab
		6.00	159.30±0.04a	167.78±0.42a	53.02±0.20a	18.70±0.83a

品种 Cultivars	时间 Time	有效剂量 Effective dosage (kg·hm^-2)	叶绿素 Chlorophyll content (mg·g^-1FM)	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (μmol·(CO₂) m^-2·g^-1)	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (μmol·(H₂O) m^-2·g^-1)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (mmol·(H₂O) m^-2·g^-1)
晋谷21号 Jingu 21	5 DAT	0	1.31±0.01a	16.56±0.23a	2.96±0.09a	83.45±2.06a
		0.75	0.82±0.06b	14.32±0.04b	2.91±0.24ab	82.74±4.53a
		1.50	0.63±0.01c	14.07±0.42b	2.38±0.18bc	74.31±4.04ab
		3.00	0.60±0.05c	12.86±0.71bc	2.31±0.10c	72.04±5.10ab
		6.00	0.29±0.01d	12.00±0.43c	2.20±0.07c	62.43±1.19b
	15 DAT	0	1.42±0.03a	28.19±1.54a	4.49±0.17a	110.39±4.01a
		0.75	1.04±0.03b	25.07±0.24ab	4.29±0.07a	107.36±3.10ab
		1.50	0.66±0.00c	24.85±0.49ab	4.07±0.52a	99.74±3.79b
		3.00	0.60±0.01d	22.94±1.33bc	3.97±0.37a	97.90±4.21b
		6.00	0.26±0.00e	20.58±1.16c	3.64±0.38a	87.23±2.21c
张杂10号 Zhangza 10	5 DAT	0	1.24±0.02a	16.47±0.32a	5.11±0.09a	92.12±2.80a
		0.75	1.05±0.01b	15.86±0.29ab	5.11±0.43a	84.92±2.93ab
		1.50	0.99±0.03c	14.29±1.09bc	4.95±0.23a	75.58±2.63bc
		3.00	0.83±0.01d	12.92±0.25c	4.44±0.31a	73.98±4.67c
		6.00	0.69±0.01e	12.60±0.49c	4.42±0.35a	71.41±1.91c
	15 DAT	0	1.70±0.01a	30.02±1.22a	5.34±0.12a	133.62±3.85a
		0.75	1.16±0.02b	23.71±1.43b	5.31±0.31a	130.18±0.68a
		1.50	0.95±0.01c	23.21±0.60b	4.84±0.40ab	126.09±1.84a
		3.00	0.72±0.01d	21.11±0.45bc	4.50±0.34bc	107.07±0.77b
		6.00	0.63±0.02e	19.70±0.51c	3.92±0.18c	100.56±0.90b

品种 Cultivars	时间 Time	有效剂量 Effective dosage (kg·hm^-2)	生长素 Auxin (ng·g^-1 FM)	赤霉素 Gibberellin (ng·g^-1 FM)	玉米素 Zeatin (ng·g^-1 FM)	脱落酸 Abscisic acid (ng·g^-1 FM)
晋谷21号 Jingu 21	5 DAT	0	45.77±1.37b	8.14±0.08a	9.60±0.23a	55.28±0.73d
		0.75	48.44±0.49ab	8.35±0.10a	8.82±0.09b	55.88±1.11d
		1.50	49.00±1.46ab	8.38±0.15a	7.80±0.09c	66.73±0.87c
		3.00	50.16±1.07a	7.84±0.24b	7.88±0.08c	73.62±1.08b
		6.00	48.89±0.45ab	7.10±0.10c	7.49±0.11c	78.19±1.20a
	15 DAT	0	38.25±0.61d	6.99±0.14b	9.57±0.15a	45.41±0.51c
		0.75	38.28±0.58d	6.28±0.05c	8.79±0.14b	54.39±0.37b
		1.50	52.99±0.57b	5.68±0.06d	8.62±0.08b	60.27±1.43a
		3.00	75.32±1.05a	7.67±0.17a	8.08±0.07c	61.05±1.21a
		6.00	43.84±0.40c	5.64±0.14d	7.14±0.10d	63.57±1.34a
张杂10号 Zhangza 10	5 DAT	0	40.79±0.17c	7.54±0.20a	9.63±0.09a	60.04±1.43e
		0.75	47.93±0.47b	7.33±0.15ab	8.19±0.12b	64.88±1.09d
		1.50	48.91±0.95b	6.90±0.15bc	7.45±0.14c	73.23±0.97c
		3.00	53.36±0.67a	6.81±0.07bc	7.22±0.10c	76.95±1.19b
		6.00	49.80±0.49b	6.57±0.14c	5.81±5.18d	81.53±1.01a
	15 DAT	0	31.72±0.43d	6.41±0.17a	9.57±0.10a	49.42±0.72e
		0.75	35.58±0.26c	6.39±0.12a	9.07±0.10b	61.56±1.27d
		1.50	47.53±0.70b	6.14±0.13ab	8.02±0.11c	69.84±0.60c
		3.00	50.95±0.28a	5.81±0.10bc	8.34±0.15c	74.07±1.03b
		6.00	48.66±0.33b	5.49±0.04c	4.46±0.10d	80.56±1.36a

参数 Parameter1	叶绿素含量 Chl	光合速率 P_n	蒸腾速率 T_r	气孔导度 G_s	初始荧光 F_o	最大光化学效率 F_v/F_m	电子传递速率 ETR	非光化学猝灭 NPQ
生长素IAA	-0.58**	-0.32	-0.3	-0.41	-0.34	-0.31	-0.42	0.22
赤霉素GA	0.12	-0.49*	-0.48*	-0.50*	0.05	0	0.16	0.04
玉米素Zt	0.64**	0.41	0.17	0.33	0.52*	0.42	0.61**	-0.61**
脱落酸ABA	-0.64**	-0.65**	-0.19	-0.46*	-0.71**	-0.35	-0.74**	0.87**