中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (22): 4177-4190.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.22.021
• 栽培生理 • 上一篇
李永虎1,2,曹梦琳1,杜慧玲1(),郭平毅1,张海颖1,郭美俊1,原向阳1(
)
收稿日期:
2019-06-11
接受日期:
2019-09-03
出版日期:
2019-11-16
发布日期:
2019-11-16
通讯作者:
杜慧玲,原向阳
作者简介:
李永虎,Tel:15035621350;E-mail:sxqxnwlyh@163.com
基金资助:
LI YongHu1,2,CAO MengLin1,DU HuiLing1(),GUO PingYi1,ZHANG HaiYing1,GUO MeiJun1,YUAN XiangYang1(
)
Received:
2019-06-11
Accepted:
2019-09-03
Online:
2019-11-16
Published:
2019-11-16
Contact:
HuiLing DU,XiangYang YUAN
摘要:
【目的】研究氮、磷、钾施肥量和施肥位置对杂交谷子干物质累积、转化和产量的影响,为杂交谷子高产高效种植和研发轻简化栽培技术提供理论依据。【方法】 试验于2016—2017年在山西中部太谷县的山西农业大学创新园区进行,以张杂谷10号为试验材料,选择氮、磷、钾施用量、施肥水平距离和施肥深度5个因素,采用五因素五水平二次回归正交旋转组合设计,进行地膜覆盖田间小区试验。所有肥料全部作为底肥,氮肥为含46%N的尿素,磷肥为含16%P2O5的过磷酸钙,钾肥为含50%K2O的硫酸钾。在谷子拔节、抽穗、开花、成熟期取有代表性的3穴植株用于测定干物质积累量,10月上旬收获,脱粒风干后称重、计产,用以研究施肥量和施肥位置对谷子不同生育时期干物质累积、转运和产量的影响。【结果】 (1)较高的产量水平需要较高的氮、磷、钾供肥水平,且磷钾比例相对较高。(2)对谷子干物质累积的影响依次为氮>磷>钾>施肥水平距离>施肥深度;对谷子干物质转运的影响依次为钾>施肥深度>磷>氮>施肥水平距离,对谷子产量的影响依次为氮>磷>钾>施肥深度>施肥水平距离。(3)氮、磷对谷子各个时期干物质累积均有极显著影响,营养生长阶段氮磷交互作用为负,生殖生长阶段氮磷交互作用为正。(4)随着生育时期的推移,钾、施肥水平距离、施肥深度对干物质累积的影响由负变正,且影响程度不断增大,最佳施肥位置与播种位置的距离先增大后减小。(5)5个因素与不同生育时期干物质累积、转运和产量的回归关系极显著,拟合程度较高,可用于实际生产预测。【结论】 山西省中部地膜覆盖条件下,张杂谷10号产量大于8 000 kg·hm -2的各因素取值的95%置信区间为施肥水平距离16.80—18.75 cm、施肥深度20.80—23.75 cm、施N 225 kg·hm -2、施P2O5136.35—153.63 kg·hm -2、施K2O 93.56—108.63 kg·hm -2。
李永虎,曹梦琳,杜慧玲,郭平毅,张海颖,郭美俊,原向阳. 施肥位置及施肥量对杂交谷子干物质累积、转运和产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(22): 4177-4190.
LI YongHu,CAO MengLin,DU HuiLing,GUO PingYi,ZHANG HaiYing,GUO MeiJun,YUAN XiangYang. Effect of Fertilization Location and Amount on Dry Matter Accumulation, Translocation and Yield of Hybrid Millet[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(22): 4177-4190.
表2
设计方案及经济产量与各生育阶段干物质积累量、转运量分析结果"
No. | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | 干物质积累量 dry matter accumulation at different growth stages | 转运量 Dry matter translocation | 籽粒产量 Grain yield | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
拔节前 Sowing-elongation | 孕穗期 Elongation-heading | 抽穗灌浆期 Heading-flowering | 籽粒形成期 Flowering-maturity | ||||||||
1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 392.0 | 3203.1 | 1281.0 | 2952.9 | 1005.4 | 3958.3 |
2 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 624.9 | 5046.2 | 1441.8 | 3509.3 | 1786.9 | 5296.2 |
3 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | 528.0 | 5278.5 | 1759.7 | 3868.4 | 1206.8 | 5075.2 |
4 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 531.6 | 6288.3 | 2389.9 | 5671.1 | 1604.6 | 7275.7 |
5 | -1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 383.1 | 3069.3 | 1296.1 | 3117.3 | 1000.8 | 4118.1 |
6 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 428.4 | 4737.5 | 1812.7 | 4100.4 | 1047.4 | 5147.8 |
7 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 442.7 | 5279.9 | 1801.0 | 5044.4 | 1098.0 | 6142.4 |
8 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 548.4 | 6455.6 | 2258.3 | 6061.3 | 1419.7 | 7481.0 |
9 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 346.7 | 3329.1 | 1330.7 | 3203.6 | 1027.9 | 4231.5 |
10 | 1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 447.1 | 4752.8 | 1928.1 | 4176.0 | 1003.9 | 5179.9 |
11 | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 436.4 | 5400.5 | 1746.2 | 5126.2 | 1081.8 | 6208.0 |
12 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 542.2 | 6516.4 | 2343.2 | 6000.9 | 1559.6 | 7560.5 |
13 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 327.1 | 3718.0 | 1539.0 | 3637.3 | 516.8 | 4154.1 |
14 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 472.9 | 5360.2 | 1849.6 | 4502.2 | 1314.7 | 5816.9 |
15 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | 456.0 | 6037.2 | 2066.8 | 4558.2 | 1200.4 | 5758.6 |
16 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 459.6 | 6342.5 | 2474.3 | 7335.1 | 833.4 | 8168.5 |
17 | -2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 508.4 | 5111.0 | 1858.9 | 4832.9 | 1446.4 | 6279.3 |
18 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 471.1 | 5285.2 | 2301.5 | 5916.4 | 880.2 | 6796.6 |
19 | 0 | -2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 501.3 | 5283.0 | 1965.9 | 4798.2 | 1361.4 | 6159.6 |
20 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 470.2 | 5347.9 | 2316.2 | 6109.3 | 715.8 | 6825.1 |
21 | 0 | 0 | -2 | 0 | 0 | 380.4 | 2824.9 | 1229.4 | 2519.1 | 753.5 | 3272.6 |
22 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 507.6 | 6052.7 | 2291.7 | 5808.0 | 1149.4 | 6957.4 |
23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -2 | 0 | 372.4 | 4043.9 | 1439.7 | 3507.6 | 999.5 | 4507.1 |
24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 534.2 | 6139.5 | 2240.0 | 5963.6 | 1334.2 | 7297.8 |
25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -2 | 512.9 | 5273.0 | 1656.8 | 4585.8 | 1418.8 | 6004.6 |
26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 427.6 | 5632.1 | 1838.0 | 5136.0 | 911.3 | 6047.3 |
27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 512.9 | 5176.4 | 2128.8 | 5951.1 | 1012.5 | 6965.0 |
28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 493.3 | 5673.6 | 2172.8 | 6160.0 | 1038.0 | 7207.7 |
29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 504.9 | 6281.8 | 2331.8 | 6376.9 | 1508.1 | 7890.1 |
30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 474.7 | 6258.5 | 2345.2 | 6365.3 | 1379.1 | 7746.0 |
31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 519.1 | 5780.8 | 2240.7 | 5603.6 | 1643.3 | 7251.2 |
32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 463.1 | 6274.3 | 2251.8 | 6233.8 | 1420.0 | 7633.5 |
33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 544.9 | 6228.8 | 2276.8 | 5953.8 | 1609.8 | 7576.3 |
34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 473.8 | 6130.1 | 2280.6 | 6049.3 | 1624.7 | 7656.2 |
35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 485.3 | 6068.3 | 2185.3 | 5770.7 | 1338.9 | 7105.8 |
36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 560.9 | 6065.5 | 2259.7 | 5790.7 | 1568.2 | 7366.2 |
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