不同气候和土壤对小米品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.18.014

中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (18): 3218-3231.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.18.014

• 营养品质与环境关系研究 • 上一篇下一篇

不同气候和土壤对小米品质的影响

张艾英¹,郭二虎¹(),刁现民²(),范惠萍¹,李瑜辉¹,王丽霞¹,张莉³,王瑞¹,王军¹,郭红亮¹,韩芳⁴,程丽萍¹,吴引生¹

^1. 山西省农业科学院谷子研究所/特色杂粮种质资源发掘与遗传改良山西省重点实验室,山西长治 046011
^2. 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所, 北京 100081
^3. 山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷 030801
^4. 延安市农业科学研究所,陕西延安 716000

收稿日期:2019-06-06 接受日期:2019-07-26 出版日期:2019-09-16 发布日期:2019-09-23
联系方式: 张艾英,E-mail：zay1012@126.com。
基金资助:
国家现代农业技术产业体系建设专项(CARS-06-13.5-A21);山西省农业科学院生物育种工程项目(17yzgc024);山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题(YYS1703);山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题(YCX2019T05)

Effects of Different Types of Climate and Soil on Foxtail Millet Quality

ZHANG AiYing¹,GUO ErHu¹(),DIAO XianMin²(),FAN HuiPing¹,LI YuHui¹,WANG LiXia¹,ZHANG Li³,WANG Rui¹,WANG Jun¹,GUO HongLiang¹,HAN Fang⁴,CHENG LiPing¹,WU YinSheng¹

^1. Millet Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Breeding in Minor Crops, Changzhi 046011, Shanxi
^2. Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
^3. Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi
^4. Yanan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yanan 716000, Shaanxi

Received:2019-06-06 Accepted:2019-07-26 Published:2019-09-16 Online:2019-09-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的对不同气候条件、土壤类型上生产谷子的小米品质进行测定,探明环境条件对小米品质的影响,揭示其品质变化规律,为优质谷子合理布局提供理论支撑和技术指导。方法试验于2012—2017年在气候条件和土壤类型差异较大的山西沁县和山西长治2个地方进行。先将2个试验点0—60 cm以上土壤分层置换,使每个试验点同时拥有2种土壤,然后采用相同的栽培措施和管理方法种植相同的谷子品种,对两地不同土壤的养分及小米中17种氨基酸、蛋白质、脂肪、直链淀粉、维生素等营养成分和钾、铁、铜、锌等矿物质元素含量进行了测定,获得2013—2017年5年测量数据,以年际间为重复,气候为主区,土壤为主裂区,其他因素为副裂区,采用裂裂区试验统计方法进行汇总分析。结果不同气候条件下小米的品质有明显差异。沁县气候条件下,小米多数氨基酸（蛋氨酸、丙氨酸、胱氨酸除外）含量、氨基酸总量、粗蛋白、VB₂、钾、铜、锌含量都较高,且小米中有较高的胶稠度、较低的糊化温度和低的直链淀粉,而在长治气候条件下,小米的脂肪含量较高。不同土壤条件下,红黏土上谷子的产量显著高于褐壤土上谷子的产量,小米的品质也存在明显差异。红黏土上种植的小米中蛋氨酸、甘氨酸、胱氨酸、异亮氨酸、镁、铁、铜的含量较高,而褐壤土上种植的小米中氨基酸、蛋白质、胶稠度、直链淀粉、VB₁、钙、钾、磷、钠、锌含量较高。尤其是,褐壤土上种植的小米硒含量显著高于红黏土上种植的小米,红黏土上种植的小米中脂肪含量显著高于褐壤土上种植的小米中的脂肪含量。结论气候、土壤因素影响小米品质、适口性及各种矿物质元素的积累。沁县气候条件有利于多数氨基酸、蛋白质和维生素的积累,该气候下生产的谷子有较低的糊化温度、较高的胶稠度和低的直链淀粉,所以该气候条件种植的小米营养品质优良,而且适口性好;红黏土种植的谷子有利于小米镁、铁、铜的积累,褐壤土有利于氨基酸、蛋白质和VB₁的积累,红黏土谷子的产量显著高于褐壤土谷子的产量,褐壤土生产的谷子可获得富硒小米。总之,气候因素对小米的适口性影响较大,土壤因素影响小米品质及各种矿物质元素的积累。

关键词: 气候, 土壤, 小米, 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 The foxtail millet grain quality under different types of climate and soil, was determined in this study, in order to discover the main natural factors on the quality of millet, and to reveal the law in quality change, and to provide technical guidance and theoretical support for the rational distribution of high-quality millet.【Method】 This experiment was carried out at Qinxian and Changzhi, which have different types of climate and soil, during 2012 to 2017. The soil samples at the depth of 0-60 cm were exchanged between two places so that each experimental site has two soil types at the same time. The same millet cultivars were sowed at this two sites with the same fertilization. The soil nutrition, seventeen kinds of amino acids, protein, fat, amylose, VB and mineral nutrients such as K, Cu and Zn in millet grain were determined. The data during 2013 to 2017 was collected and analyzed using a split split-block design with interannual data as duplicates, climate types as the main area, soil types as the main fissure area, and other factors as the secondary fissure area.【Result】 There are obvious differences in millet quality under different climatic conditions. The results showed that the contents of most amino acids (except methionine, alanine and cystine), total amino acids, crude protein, VB₂, K, Cu and Zn of millet grain in Qinxian were higher than in Changzhi, in contrast, the content of fat in Qinxian was lower than in Changzhi. Moreover the grain in Qinxian had higher gel consistency but lower pastification temperature and less amylose in compared with the grain in Changzhi. In addition, the yield of millet from red soil is significantly higher than that from cinnamon soil. There are obvious differences in millet quality from different types of soils. The millets harvested from red soil contained more methionine, glycine, cystine, isoleucine, magnesium, iron and copper than that from cinnamon soil. The millets harvested from cinnamon soil contained more amino acids, protein, gel consistency, starch, VB₁, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, zinc content than that from red soil. Moreover, the content of selenium of millet from cinnamon soil is significantly higher than that from red soil, but the content of millet fat from red soil was significantly higher than that from cinnamon soil.【Conclusion】 Different types of climate and soil have effects on grain quality, millet palatability and the accumulation of mineral. Qinxian climate benefits the accumulation of most amino acids, protein and VB in millet grain. Also the grain harvested in Qinxian had higher gel consistency but lower pastification temperature and less amylose in compared with the grain in Changzhi. Therefore, the millet in Qinxian has good quality and palatability. Moreover, red soil benefits the accumulation of magnesium, iron and copper, but cinnamon soil benefits the accumulation of amino acids, protein and VB₁. In addition, the yield of millet from red soil is significantly higher than that from cinnamon soil, but millet from cinnamon soil are selenium-rich millet. In short, climate factors affect millet palatability, and soil factors affect millet quality and the accumulation of various mineral elements.

Key words: climate, soil, foxtail millet, quality

张艾英,郭二虎,刁现民,范惠萍,李瑜辉,王丽霞,张莉,王瑞,王军,郭红亮,韩芳,程丽萍,吴引生. 不同气候和土壤对小米品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(18): 3218-3231.

ZHANG AiYing,GUO ErHu,DIAO XianMin,FAN HuiPing,LI YuHui,WANG LiXia,ZHANG Li,WANG Rui,WANG Jun,GUO HongLiang,HAN Fang,CHENG LiPing,WU YinSheng. Effects of Different Types of Climate and Soil on Foxtail Millet Quality[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(18): 3218-3231.

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气象因子 Meteorological factors	月份 Month	长治Changzhi					沁县Qinxian
气象因子 Meteorological factors	月份 Month	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
月平均降雨量 Average monthly rainfall (mm·mo.^-1)	5月May	18.6	18.4	17.1	16.1	19.2	18.7	18.1	17.6	16.4	19.1
	6月Jun	21.8	20.9	20.6	20.6	20.3	21.8	21.1	21.0	20.6	20.4
	7月Jul	22.7	22.2	21.9	21.9	23.5	22.9	22.3	22.4	22.5	23.8
	8月Aug	22.8	19.8	20.9	22.0	21.7	22.9	19.9	21.1	22.2	21.8
	9月Sep	17.6	16.2	16.9	18.4	17.9	17.0	16.5	16.6	17.3	17.2
	总和Sum	103.5	97.5	97.4	99.0	102.6	103.3	97.9	98.7	99.0	102.3
月平均温度 Average monthly temperature (℃·mo.^-1)	5月May	18.6	18.4	17.1	16.1	19.2	18.7	18.1	17.6	16.4	19.1
	6月Jun	21.8	20.9	20.6	20.6	20.3	21.8	21.1	21.0	20.6	20.4
	7月Jul	22.7	22.2	21.9	21.9	23.5	22.9	22.3	22.4	22.5	23.8
	8月Aug	22.8	19.8	20.9	22.0	21.7	22.9	19.9	21.1	22.2	21.8
	9月Sep	17.6	16.2	16.9	18.4	17.9	17.0	16.5	16.6	17.3	17.2
	均值 Mean	20.7	19.5	19.48	19.8	20.5	20.7	19.6	19.7	19.8	20.5
月日照时数 Average monthly sunshine（h·mo.^-1）	5月May	200.0	262.0	252.0	234.9	274.7	200.0	252.0	244.0	217.1	270.5
	6月Jun	192.0	192.0	188.0	238.1	224.8	184.0	194.0	180.0	183.3	209.7
	7月Jul	157.0	222.0	236.0	183.3	217.3	165.0	217.0	242.0	158.7	182.2
	8月Aug	257.0	181.0	208.0	191.2	188.0	233.0	189.0	215.0	160.9	171.0
	9月Sep	162.0	117.0	180.0	178.5	159.7	146.0	104.0	163.0	182.7	153.0
	总和Sum	968.0	974.0	1064.0	1026.0	1064.5	928.0	956.0	1044.0	902.7	986.4

不同气候和土壤对小米品质的影响

Effects of Different Types of Climate and Soil on Foxtail Millet Quality

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