不同生态条件对小米黄色素含量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.18.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的谷子籽粒脱壳后为小米,小米黄色素含量是反映小米商品性的重要指标,对于小米的商品品质和营养品质都有重要的影响。解析不同生态条件下小米黄色素含量变化规律,为优质特色谷子品种选育及生产利用提供科学依据。方法选用华北夏谷区选育的8个优质、特色谷子新品种,于2016—2017在不同生态条件下的5个试点种植,成熟收获后,测定小米的黄色素含量,采用多因素方差分析差异显著性,并对黄色素含量和生育期气温、降水量、日照时数等因素进行相关性分析。结果年份、品种、地点×年份、品种×年份、地点×品种×年份对黄色素含量影响极显著（P<0.01）,地点、地点×品种对黄色素含量影响显著（P<0.05）;其中,品种、地点、品种×地点互作对黄色素含量变异贡献率较大,分别为57.12%、27.57%和6.12%。黄色素平均含量2017年显著高于2016年。济南、德州、济宁试点小米黄色素含量2年的结果均显著高于泰安和临沂黄色素含量。5个试点8个谷子品种2年的黄色素平均含量为23.42 mg·kg ^-1,变幅为18.56—26.14 mg·kg ^-1,中谷2号最高,济绿谷1号最低;中谷2号、济糯谷2号、济谷21、济谷19黄色素含量差异不显著,但显著高于豫谷18、济谷22、济谷20、济绿谷1号的黄色素含量。黄色素含量和6月苗期气温、9月灌浆中后期平均气温、生育期平均气温极显著正相关（r=0.908,P<0.01;r=0.798,P<0.01;r=0.808,P<0.01）;和9月灌浆中后期的日照时数、生育期日照总时数极显著正相关（r=0.771,P<0.01;r=0.769,P<0.01）。结论不同年份、地点、品种及因素互作对谷子黄色素含量有显著影响,其中,品种因素影响最大;谷子生育期平均气温、降雨量、光照时数等天气因素的变化及时空分布的差异是小米黄色素含量变化的重要原因;谷子灌浆中后期平均气温较高、光照充足有利于黄色素的积累。品种基因型是决定小米黄色素含量的最重要因素。

关键词: 小米, 黄色素含量, 生态条件, 气温, 降雨量, 日照时数

Abstract:

【Objective】 Grains of Setaria italica (L.) are known as millet after dehulling. Yellow pigment content in grains is one of the crucial factors affecting the value of commodity as well as nutritional quality of foxtail millet. Investigating variations of yellow pigment content across ecological conditions would contribute to breeding and utilization of new foxtail millet varieties featured by superior qualities.【Method】 Eight newly released superior and distinctive foxtail millet cultivars from the summer- sowing region in North China were planted at five locations in two consecutive years (2016 and 2017). Yellow pigment contents of the foxtail millet cultivars were determined for each location. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was adopted to determine the significant levels of differences for yellow pigment contents of foxtail millet cultivars under ecological conditions. Correlation analysis was performed on between yellow pigment content, and air temperature, rainfall and sunshine duration.【Result】Growing years, cultivar genotypes, growing locations × growing years, cultivar genotypes × growing years, and growing years × cultivar genotypes × growing years showed highly significant effects on yellow pigment content (P<0.01). Growing locations and growing locations×cultivar genotypes showed significant influences on yellow pigment content (P<0.05). Cultivar genotypes, growing locations, and their interactions had high contribution rate (57.12%, 27.57% and 6.12%, respectively) to the variation of yellow pigment content. Generally, yellow pigment contents of cultivars planted in 2017 were higher than those in 2016. In terms of growing locations, yellow pigment contents of cultivars planted at Jinan, Dezhou and Jining were significantly higher than those at Taian and Linyi both 2016 and 2017 (P<0.05). Yellow pigment content of the eight cultivars was averaged at 23.42 mg·kg ^-1 and ranged from 18.56 mg·kg ^-1 to 26.14 mg·kg ^-1. Among the cultivars, Zhonggu 2 had the highest yellow pigment content, while Jilügu 1 had the lowest. Moreover, there were no significant differences between Zhonggu 2, Jinuogu 2, Jigu 21, and Jigu19. However, yellow pigment contents of the above mentioned cultivars were higher than those of Yugu 18, Jigu 22, Jigu 20, and Jilügu 1. Furthermore, yellow pigment content was positively correlated with average temperature at seedling stage in June (r=0.908, P<0.01), average temperature at the middle and late grain filling stage (r=0.798, P<0.01), average temperature during growth period (r=0.808, P<0.01), sunshine hour in middle and later growth stages in September (r=0.771, P<0.01), and total sunshine hour of during growth period (r = 0.769, P<0.01).【Conclusion】Cultivar genotypes, growing years, locations and their interactions significantly affected yellow pigment content in foxtail millet. Among these factors, cultivar genotype played a key role. Moreover, variations and spatial-temporal distribution differences in meteorological factors such as temperature, rainfall and sunshine hour in different years and locations were important for yellow pigment accumulation. The higher average temperature and more sunshine hours in the middle and late stages of grain filling were beneficial to the accumulation of yellow pigment. Cultivar genotypes are the most significant element influencing yellow pigment contents.

Key words: foxtail millet, yellow pigment content, ecological conditions, air temperature, rainfall, sunshine hour

杨延兵, 陈二影, 王润丰, 秦岭, 尹秀波, 张会迪, 黎飞飞, 管延安. 不同生态条件对小米黄色素含量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(18): 3232-3241.

YANG YanBing, CHEN ErYing, WANG RunFeng, QIN Ling, YIN XiuBo, ZHANG HuiDi, LI FeiFei, GUAN YanAn. Yellow Pigment Contents in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) Under Diverse Ecological Conditions[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(18): 3232-3241.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.18.015

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序号 No.	品种 Cultivar	选育单位 Breeding organization	米质特性 Character of millet quality
1	济谷19 Jigu19	山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Institute of Crop, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	一级优质米 First-grade quality millet
2	济谷20 Jigu20	山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Institute of Crop, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	一级优质米 First-grade quality millet
3	济谷21 Jigu21	山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Institute of Crop, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	一级优质米 First-grade quality millet
4	济糯谷2号 Jinuogu 2	山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Institute of Crop, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	糯质米 Waxy millet
5	中谷2号 Zhonggu 2	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	一级优质米 First-grade quality millet
6	济绿谷1号 Jilügu 1	山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Institute of Crop, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	米色黄绿 Yellow green millet
7	济谷22 Jigu 22	山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Institute of Crop, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	二级优质米 Second-grade quality millet
8	豫谷18 Yugu 18	安阳市农业科学院 Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences	一级优质米 First-grade quality millet

地点 Location	年份 Year	月份 Month	平均温度 Average temperature (℃)	降雨量 Rainfall (mm)	日照时数 Sunshine hour (h)	年份 Year	月份 Month	平均温度 Average temperature (℃)	降雨量 Rainfall (mm)	日照时数 Sunshine hour (h)
泰安 Taian	2016	6	25.1	167.8	213.8	2017	6	24.9	62.4	222.7
泰安 Taian		7	27.1	219.7	162.4		7	28.7	271.3	166.8
		8	26.2	228.9	186.5		8	26.7	81.7	180.9
		9	22.0	16.7	193.5		9	21.7	11.5	196.5
	均值/和Mean or Sum		25.1	633.1	756.2			25.5	426.9	766.9
济宁 Jining	2016	6	25.8	174.2	222.0	2017	6	26.5	110.9	224.2
济宁 Jining		7	28.4	289.2	157.0		7	29.1	351.8	206.6
		8	27.3	110.3	138.1		8	27.7	126.3	208.7
		9	23.5	66.4	221.2		9	23.0	40.0	185.0
	均值/和Mean or Sum		26.3	640.1	738.3			26.6	629.0	824.5
德州 Dezhou	2016	6	25.4	76.5	264.7	2017	6	26.1	77.4	261.4
德州 Dezhou		7	27.8	130.9	167.4		7	28.3	69.4	165.7
		8	26.7	190.8	174.1		8	26.7	215.6	197.4
		9	23.1	4.0	225.1		9	23.8	12.1	238.3
	均值/和Mean or Sum		25.8	402.2	831.3			26.2	374.5	862.8
临沂 Linyi	2016	6	24.5	178.9	193.9	2017	6	24.3	40.8	177.6
临沂 Linyi		7	26.0	47.5	153.9		7	28.5	385.1	159.3
		8	27.5	123.0	190.7		8	26.4	183.5	157.4
		9	23.2	106.8	165.0		9	22.3	53.6	177.8
	均值/和Mean or Sum		25.3	456.2	703.5			25.4	663.0	672.1
济南 Jinan	2016	6	26.0	160.3	234.0	2017	6	25.9	93.6	221.4
济南 Jinan		7	27.7	237.6	158.5		7	29.6	176.8	157.4
		8	26.2	421.1	154.0		8	26.8	155.1	183.6
		9	23.3	2.7	193.8		9	24.1	5.6	210.9
	均值/和Mean or Sum		25.8	821.7	740.3			26.6	431.1	773.3

试验地点 Location	2016 年			2017年
试验地点 Location	播种时间 Sowing date	收获时间 Harvest date	总天数 Total days (d)	播种时间 Sowing date	收获时间 Harvest date	总天数 Total days (d)
泰安Taian	6/18	9/30	104	6/19	9/29	102
济宁Jining	6/09	9/22	103	6/17	9/23	98
德州Dezhou	6/17	9/22	97	6/25	9/20	97
临沂Linyi	6/12	9/23	102	6/10	9/23	105
济南Jinan	6/18	9/22	96	6/18	9/21	95

变因 Factor	平方和 SS	自由度 df	均方 Mean square	F	P	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)
区组Block	2.39	20	0.12
年份Year	47.84	1	47.84	327.58	0.0001	1.80
地点Location	732.25	4	183.06	9.65	0.0248	27.57
品种Cultivar	1517.05	7	216.72	40.68	0.0001	57.12
地点×年份Location×Year	75.85	4	18.96	129.85	0.0001	2.86
品种×年份Cultivar×Year	37.29	7	5.33	36.48	0.0001	1.40
地点×品种Location×Cultivar	162.59	28	5.81	39.76	0.0401	6.12
地点×品种×年份Location×Cultivar×Year	82.93	28	2.96	20.28	0.0001	3.12
误差Error	20.44	140	0.15
总和Total	2678.63	239

试验地点 Location	黄色素含量 Yellow pigment content (mg·kg^-1)
试验地点 Location	2016	2017	地点均值Mean
泰安Taian	21.67c	21.94d	21.81b
济宁Jining	24.29a	24.67c	24.48a
德州Dezhou	23.80b	26.87a	25.34a
临沂Linyi	20.92d	20.84e	20.88b
济南Jinan	24.20a	25.02b	24.61a
年份平均Mean	22.98	23.87	23.42