中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 86-97.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.01.009
蒋静静1,2(),屈锋1,2,苏春杰1,2,杨剑锋1,余剑3,胡晓辉1,2(
)
收稿日期:
2018-05-22
接受日期:
2018-08-22
出版日期:
2019-01-01
发布日期:
2019-01-12
通讯作者:
胡晓辉
基金资助:
JIANG JingJing1,2(),QU Feng1,2,SU ChunJie1,2,YANG JianFeng1,YU Jian3,HU XiaoHui1,2(
)
Received:
2018-05-22
Accepted:
2018-08-22
Online:
2019-01-01
Published:
2019-01-12
Contact:
XiaoHui HU
摘要:
【目的】 基质栽培是有效解决设施土壤连作障碍、质地恶化对作物生产造成不利影响的有效途径之一。目前基质栽培水肥管理缺乏量化指标,本研究旨在通过研究滴灌水肥耦合对塑料大棚春季基质栽培黄瓜产量、生长、生理、品质和偏肥料生产力的影响,探究黄瓜基质栽培优质高效生产的灌水和营养液供应标准。【方法】 以‘春优1号’黄瓜为试材,按照标准山崎黄瓜营养液配方,设置3个营养液浓度水平(F1:75%剂量、F2:100%剂量、F3:125%剂量)和3个单株灌水量(W1:75%蒸腾蒸发量(crop evapo-transpiration ETc)、W2:100% ETc、W3:125% ETc),共9个水肥耦合处理,分析不同灌水和营养液浓度对基质袋栽培黄瓜产量、干物质量、品质、水肥利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)和肥料偏生产力(partial factor productivity of fertilizer,PFP)的影响。运用多元回归分析和空间分析方法,确定塑料大棚春季基质袋栽培黄瓜高效生产的适宜灌水量和营养液浓度。【结果】 灌水量的增加有利于黄瓜产量和PFP的增长,收获期60 d内W3F1处理产量(7 667.3 kg/667m 2)和PFP(205.67 kg·kg -1)均最大。在相同施肥处理下,PFP随灌水量的增加呈上升趋势;F1条件下,W3处理净光合速率低于W1,但其叶面积指数较大,同化量较高,获得较高产量。仅考虑灌水条件下,W1水平下黄瓜果实品质的VC、还原糖表现最优;而W3水平下黄瓜果实的可溶性固形物和可溶性蛋白有最优值。运用多元回归和空间分析方法综合评价产量、品质和肥料偏生产力,确定适宜的灌水施肥范围为36.0—42.2 kg/667m 2和198.0—219.8 m 3/667m 2;42.2—44.6 kg/667m 2和206.3—219.8 m 3/667m 2。【结论】 灌溉和营养液浓度对黄瓜的生长、产量、品质、水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力均有显著影响,以黄瓜产量、硝酸盐含量和PFP同时达到最优值的±10%范围时确定的灌溉量和营养液浓度是塑料大棚春季基质袋栽培黄瓜的优化滴灌施肥方案。
蒋静静,屈锋,苏春杰,杨剑锋,余剑,胡晓辉. 不同肥水耦合对黄瓜产量品质及肥料偏生产力的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(1): 86-97.
JIANG JingJing,QU Feng,SU ChunJie,YANG JianFeng,YU Jian,HU XiaoHui. Effects of Different Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Yield and Quality of Cucumber and Partial Factor Productivity of Fertilizer[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(1): 86-97.
表1
水肥耦合对黄瓜株高、茎粗和叶面积指数的影响"
处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 茎粗 Stem diameter (mm) | 叶面积指数 Leaf area index |
---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 138.60e | 7.78a | 1.53d |
W2F1 | 162.83bc | 7.43a | 1.93a |
W3F1 | 169.31ab | 7.93a | 1.94a |
W1F2 | 158.80c | 7.74a | 1.73b |
W2F2 | 146.70d | 7.00a | 1.65bc |
W3F2 | 175.87a | 7.27a | 1.88a |
W1F3 | 148.67d | 6.93a | 1.60cd |
W2F3 | 160.07c | 8.12a | 1.84a |
W3F3 | 147.30d | 6.97a | 1.58cd |
显著性检验F值(F value) | |||
灌水 Irrigation | 10.081** | 0.037 | 11.858** |
施肥 Fertilization | 33.543** | 0.397 | 11.859** |
灌水×施肥 Irrigation × Fertilization | 32.367** | 0.921 | 11.860** |
表2
水肥耦合对基质袋栽培黄瓜光合特性的影响"
处理 Treatment | 净光合速率 Pn (μmol·m-2·s-1) | 蒸腾速率 Tr (mmol·m-2·s-1) | 气孔导度 Gs (mol·m-2·s-1) | 胞间CO2浓度 Ci (μmol·mol-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 27.03a | 7.94a | 0.19 ab | 202.10ab |
W1F2 | 20.18cd | 6.77b | 0.16b | 156.35b |
W1F3 | 21.88bcd | 6.90b | 0.17ab | 186.49ab |
W2F1 | 22.82abcd | 7.85a | 0.19ab | 208.35 a |
W2F2 | 19.32d | 6.91b | 0.18ab | 196.40ab |
W2F3 | 24.38abc | 6.89b | 0.18ab | 170.69ab |
W3F1 | 22.29bcd | 7.23ab | 0.18ab | 166.37ab |
W3F2 | 22.43bcd | 7.47ab | 0.19a | 196.28ab |
W3F3 | 24.83ab | 6.77b | 0.18ab | 167.85ab |
表3
不同水肥处理对黄瓜果实品质的影响"
处理 Treatment | 可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (mg·g-1) | 维生素C Vc (mg·100g-1) | 还原糖 Soluble sugar (%) | 硝酸盐 Nitrate content (mg·kg-1) | 可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 0.20d | 36.78b | 2.25a | 342.27d | 3.20c |
W2F1 | 0.28c | 30.03de | 1.77bc | 289.24e | 2.37f |
W3F1 | 0.28c | 31.25cde | 1.73c | 261.71f | 2.87e |
W1F2 | 0.28c | 29.03e | 1.68c | 403.27c | 3.07d |
W2F2 | 0.35b | 28.67e | 1.82bc | 361.61d | 3.23c |
W3F2 | 0.51a | 33.92bc | 1.83bc | 300.42e | 3.90a |
W1F3 | 0.35b | 41.17a | 2.20a | 504.58a | 3.37b |
W2F3 | 0.22d | 33.11cd | 1.81bc | 465.82b | 3.47b |
W3F3 | 0.31bc | 33.92bc | 2.04ab | 384.95c | 3.90a |
显著性检验F值 F value of significance test | |||||
灌水Irrigation | 38.878 ** | 16.666 ** | 6.386 ** | 79.333** | 118.467** |
施肥Fertilization | 66.209** | 20.244 ** | 5.891 * | 98.732 ** | 260.867** |
灌水×施肥Irrigation Fertilization | 34.272** | 9.575 ** | 5.275** | 2.931 | 62.467** |
表4
水肥投入与产量、水分利用效率、肥料偏生产力和硝酸盐含量之间的回归关系"
因变量Response variable Y | 回归方程Regression equation | R2 | P |
---|---|---|---|
产量Yield | Y1=-1.818+0.0649F +0.1003W +1.6974×10-3 F2-4.0833×10-4W2-2.226F×10-3W | 0.8572 | 0.0001 |
水分利用效率Water use efficiency | Y2=-36.4327+4.655F +1.6539W -4.4328×10-2F2-9.4245×10-3W2-5.923×10-2FW | 0.8340 | 0.0001 |
肥料偏生产力Partial factor productivity of fertilizer | Y3=46.723-17.763F +8.988W +0.7707F2-3.099×10-2W2-0.2706FW | 0.9218 | 0.0001 |
硝酸盐含量Nitrate content | Y4=314.643-10.939F +2.773W +1.386F2-3.410×10-2W2-0.1948FW | 0.9757 | 0.0001 |
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