不同肥水耦合对黄瓜产量品质及肥料偏生产力的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.01.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】基质栽培是有效解决设施土壤连作障碍、质地恶化对作物生产造成不利影响的有效途径之一。目前基质栽培水肥管理缺乏量化指标,本研究旨在通过研究滴灌水肥耦合对塑料大棚春季基质栽培黄瓜产量、生长、生理、品质和偏肥料生产力的影响,探究黄瓜基质栽培优质高效生产的灌水和营养液供应标准。【方法】以‘春优1号’黄瓜为试材,按照标准山崎黄瓜营养液配方,设置3个营养液浓度水平（F1：75%剂量、F2：100%剂量、F3：125%剂量）和3个单株灌水量（W1：75%蒸腾蒸发量（crop evapo-transpiration ETc）、W2：100% ETc、W3：125% ETc）,共9个水肥耦合处理,分析不同灌水和营养液浓度对基质袋栽培黄瓜产量、干物质量、品质、水肥利用效率（water use efficiency,WUE）和肥料偏生产力（partial factor productivity of fertilizer,PFP）的影响。运用多元回归分析和空间分析方法,确定塑料大棚春季基质袋栽培黄瓜高效生产的适宜灌水量和营养液浓度。【结果】灌水量的增加有利于黄瓜产量和PFP的增长,收获期60 d内W3F1处理产量（7 667.3 kg/667m ²）和PFP（205.67 kg·kg ^-1）均最大。在相同施肥处理下,PFP随灌水量的增加呈上升趋势;F1条件下,W3处理净光合速率低于W1,但其叶面积指数较大,同化量较高,获得较高产量。仅考虑灌水条件下,W1水平下黄瓜果实品质的V_C、还原糖表现最优;而W3水平下黄瓜果实的可溶性固形物和可溶性蛋白有最优值。运用多元回归和空间分析方法综合评价产量、品质和肥料偏生产力,确定适宜的灌水施肥范围为36.0—42.2 kg/667m ²和198.0—219.8 m ³/667m ²;42.2—44.6 kg/667m ²和206.3—219.8 m ³/667m ²。【结论】灌溉和营养液浓度对黄瓜的生长、产量、品质、水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力均有显著影响,以黄瓜产量、硝酸盐含量和PFP同时达到最优值的±10%范围时确定的灌溉量和营养液浓度是塑料大棚春季基质袋栽培黄瓜的优化滴灌施肥方案。

关键词: 黄瓜, 基质袋栽培, 水肥耦合, 品质, 产量, 肥料偏生产力, 回归分析, 空间分析

Abstract:

【Objective】Substrate cultivation is one of the effective ways to solve the adverse influences of soil texture deterioration on crop production which were cultivated in protected environment. With lacking standard of water and fertilizer management for substrate cultivation, in order to ensure the standard of irrigation and fertilizer coupling on yield, dry weight, quality, partial factor productivity of fertilizer and water use efficiency of cucumber cultivated in substrate in spring, the irrigation and fertilizer supply systems for high yield, quality, and efficient production of cucumber substrate were investigated.【Method】‘ChunyouNo.1’ cucumber was chosen as the materials, and the experiment was subjected to three irrigation water levels (W1 (75% crop evapo-transpiration, ETc), W2 (100% ETc) and W3 (125% ETc)) and three Yamazaki cucumber nutrient solution formula concentrations (F1 (75%), F2 (100%), F3 (125%)). The study analyzed the effects of different water and fertilizer coupling on cucumber yield, dry weight, quality, partial factor productivity of fertilizer and water use efficiency. The multivariate regression analysis and spatial analysis methods were used to obtain the best combination of irrigation and fertilizer for efficient cultivation of spring cucumber in plastic greenhouses. 【Result】The increase of irrigation was beneficial to the growth of cucumber yield and partial factor productivity of fertilizer (PFP). The yield (7 667.3 kg/667m ²) and PFP (205.67 kg·kg ^-1) of W3F1 treatment were the largest during the 60 days of the harvest period. Under the same fertilization conditions, PFP was increasing with the increase of irrigation volume. Under the condition of F1, the net photosynthetic rate of W3 treatment was lower than W1, but its leaf area index was larger, therefore higher assimilation amount and yield were obtained. Under the same irrigation condition, the Vitamin C and reducing sugar performance of cucumber fruit under W1 level was the best, while the soluble solids and soluble protein of cucumber fruit under W3 had the best value. Through the multivariate regression analysis and the spatial analysis methods to evaluate yield, quality and partial factor productivity of fertilizer, the results showed that the fertilization and irrigation amount obtained was about 36.0-42.2 kg/667m ² and 198.0-219.8 m ³/667m ², or 42.2-44.6 kg/667m ² and 206.3-219.8 m ³/667m ². 【Conclusion】Irrigation level and fertilization level significantly affected growth, yield, quality, WUE and PFP. The best strategy of fertilization and irrigation for the production of drip-irrigated cultivated cucumber grown in substrate bags in Spring is level which yield, nitrate content and PFP of cucumber were ±10% of optimal value.

Key words: cucumber, substrate bag culture, coupling of water and fertilizer, quality, yield, partial factor productivity of fertilizer, regression analysis, spatial analysis

蒋静静,屈锋,苏春杰,杨剑锋,余剑,胡晓辉. 不同肥水耦合对黄瓜产量品质及肥料偏生产力的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(1): 86-97.

JIANG JingJing,QU Feng,SU ChunJie,YANG JianFeng,YU Jian,HU XiaoHui. Effects of Different Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Yield and Quality of Cucumber and Partial Factor Productivity of Fertilizer[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(1): 86-97.

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处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	叶面积指数 Leaf area index
W1F1	138.60e	7.78a	1.53d
W2F1	162.83bc	7.43a	1.93a
W3F1	169.31ab	7.93a	1.94a
W1F2	158.80c	7.74a	1.73b
W2F2	146.70d	7.00a	1.65bc
W3F2	175.87a	7.27a	1.88a
W1F3	148.67d	6.93a	1.60cd
W2F3	160.07c	8.12a	1.84a
W3F3	147.30d	6.97a	1.58cd
显著性检验F值（F value）
灌水 Irrigation	10.081**	0.037	11.858**
施肥 Fertilization	33.543**	0.397	11.859**
灌水×施肥 Irrigation × Fertilization	32.367**	0.921	11.860**

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 Pn (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	蒸腾速率 Tr (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	气孔导度 Gs (mol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 Ci (μmol·mol^-1)
W1F1	27.03a	7.94a	0.19 ab	202.10ab
W1F2	20.18cd	6.77b	0.16b	156.35b
W1F3	21.88bcd	6.90b	0.17ab	186.49ab
W2F1	22.82abcd	7.85a	0.19ab	208.35 a
W2F2	19.32d	6.91b	0.18ab	196.40ab
W2F3	24.38abc	6.89b	0.18ab	170.69ab
W3F1	22.29bcd	7.23ab	0.18ab	166.37ab
W3F2	22.43bcd	7.47ab	0.19a	196.28ab
W3F3	24.83ab	6.77b	0.18ab	167.85ab

处理 Treatment	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (mg·g^-1)	维生素C Vc (mg·100g^-1)	还原糖 Soluble sugar (%)	硝酸盐 Nitrate content (mg·kg^-1)	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%)
W1F1	0.20d	36.78b	2.25a	342.27d	3.20c
W2F1	0.28c	30.03de	1.77bc	289.24e	2.37f
W3F1	0.28c	31.25cde	1.73c	261.71f	2.87e
W1F2	0.28c	29.03e	1.68c	403.27c	3.07d
W2F2	0.35b	28.67e	1.82bc	361.61d	3.23c
W3F2	0.51a	33.92bc	1.83bc	300.42e	3.90a
W1F3	0.35b	41.17a	2.20a	504.58a	3.37b
W2F3	0.22d	33.11cd	1.81bc	465.82b	3.47b
W3F3	0.31bc	33.92bc	2.04ab	384.95c	3.90a
显著性检验F值 F value of significance test
灌水Irrigation	38.878 **	16.666 **	6.386 **	79.333**	118.467**
施肥Fertilization	66.209**	20.244 **	5.891 *	98.732 **	260.867**
灌水×施肥Irrigation Fertilization	34.272**	9.575 **	5.275**	2.931	62.467**

因变量Response variable Y	回归方程Regression equation	R²	P
产量Yield	Y₁=-1.818+0.0649F +0.1003W +1.6974×10^-3 F²-4.0833×10^-4W²-2.226F×10^-3W	0.8572	0.0001
水分利用效率Water use efficiency	Y₂=-36.4327+4.655F +1.6539W -4.4328×10^-2F²-9.4245×10^-3W²-5.923×10^-2FW	0.8340	0.0001
肥料偏生产力Partial factor productivity of fertilizer	Y₃=46.723-17.763F +8.988W +0.7707F²-3.099×10^-2W²-0.2706FW	0.9218	0.0001
硝酸盐含量Nitrate content	Y₄=314.643-10.939F +2.773W +1.386F²-3.410×10^-2W²-0.1948FW	0.9757	0.0001