80份国外春小麦种质资源抗条锈性评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.08.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】小麦条锈病是由小麦条锈菌（Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici，Pst）引起的世界范围内小麦重要病害之一，培育和种植抗病品种是控制该病害的最有效策略。评价80份国外春小麦种质资源对中国当前小麦条锈菌流行小种的抗条锈性，为中国小麦抗条锈病育种提供依据和抗源。【方法】应用中国流行小麦条锈菌生理小种CYR29、CYR31、CYR32、CYR33以及致病类型PST-HY8和PST-V26对80份国外小麦种质资源进行苗期温室抗病性鉴定，以铭贤169和AvS为感病对照品种；并于2013年和2014年分别在陕西省杨凌和甘肃省天水进行田间成株期抗病性鉴定。根据苗期和田间成株期的抗病性鉴定结果对其进行抗病类型分类和评价。【结果】80份小麦种质资源的抗病类型可分为3类。第1类为全生育期抗病类型，有8份。其中PI660067、PI660119和PI660122在苗期和田间成株期均表现较高水平的抗病性。其余5个品系PI660056、PI607839、PI591045、TA5602和PI660064在苗期则对个别小种表现感病，并且在不同年份和不同测试地点成株期也表现感病。第2类为成株抗病类型，有28份。其苗期对所有测试小种均表现感病，有23份在田间成株期均表现抗病。但PI660075、PI660083、PI660085、PI660097和PI660107在不同年份和不同测试地点成株期表现感病。第3类为兼具成株期和对部分中国小种失去抗性的全生育期抗病类型，有44份，其苗期至少对一个测试小种表现抗病。有37份在田间成株期均表现抗病。但PI660065、PI660076、PI660079、PI660080、PI660095、PI660096和PI610750在不同年份和不同测试地点成株期表现感病。【结论】80份国外小麦种质资源中大部分对中国小麦条锈菌流行小种表现优良的抗病性。这些种质资源可作为抗源在今后抗病育种中加以利用，将丰富中国小麦抗条锈病基因的多样性。可能由于不同年份田间流行小种不同，造成一些成株抗病品系在不同年份和不同测试地点表现感病，由此推测成株抗病性可能也具有小种专化性。

关键词: 春小麦, 小麦种质资源, 抗病性, 小麦条锈病, 小麦条锈菌

Abstract: 【Objective】 Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide and resistance is the best control strategy. The objective of this study is to evaluate the resistance to current Chinese predominant stripe rust races in eighty abroad spring wheat germplasms, and these lines could be selected for their good resistance for genetic improvement of wheat stripe rust resistance breeding programs in the future in China. 【Method】 Eighty germplasms were tested with Chinese predominant stripe rust races CYR29, CYR31, CYR32, CYR33 and pathogenic types PST-HY8 and PST-V26 at seedling stage in greenhouse. Mingxian 169 and AvS as susceptible cultivars were also tested at same time. And field resistance evaluations were conducted at Yangling (Shaanxi province) and Tianshui (Gansu province) in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Based on the seedling and field reactions, the resistance of the germplasms was classified and assessed. 【Result】 The eighty germplasms could be classified into three groups. The first group consisted of eight lines that showed all-stage resistance. PI660067, PI660119 and PI660122 showed high level resistance at seedling stage and adult-plant stage in the field tests. The remaining five lines (PI660056, PI607839, PI591045, TA5602 and PI660064) showed susceptibility to individual races at seedling stage, and also showed susceptibility at adult-plant stage in different years and different test sites. The second group consisted of twenty-eight lines that showed adult-plant resistance. The lines in this group showed susceptibility to all tested races at seedling stage, and twenty-three lines showed resistance at adult-plant stage in the field tests. But PI660075, PI660083, PI660085, PI660097 and PI660107 showed susceptibility at adult-plant stage in different years and different test sites. The third group consisted of forty-four lines that showed adult-plant resistance and ineffective all-stage resistance to part of Chinese stripe rust races. The lines in this group show susceptible to at least one of the races in the seedling tests and thirty-seven lines showed resistance at adult-plant stage in the field. But PI660065, PI660076, PI660079, PI660080, PI660095, PI660096 and PI610750 showed susceptibility at adult-plant stage in different years and different test sites.【Conclusion】The majority of the eighty abroad wheat germplasms showed excellent resistance to most popular Chinese wheat stripe rust races. These germplasms should be useful in diversifying resistance genes that can be used in breeding programs for developing wheat cultivars with stripe rust resistance. Probably due to different new races popular in field in different years, causing some adult-plant resistance lines were susceptible in different years and different test sites, which indicated that adult-plant resistance might also have race-specific resistance.

Key words: spring wheat, wheat germplasm resource, disease resistance, wheat stripe rust; Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

周新力，詹刚明，黄丽丽，韩德俊，康振生. 80份国外春小麦种质资源抗条锈性评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(8): 1518-1526.

ZHOU Xin-li, ZHAN Gang-ming, HUANG Li-li, HAN De-jun, KANG Zhen-sheng. Evaluation of Resistance to Stripe Rust in Eighty Abroad Spring Wheat Germplasms[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(8): 1518-1526.

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