捕食螨携带白僵菌孢子的能力及所携孢子的活性和毒力

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.20.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】针对捕食螨和白僵菌（Beauveria bassiana）联合应用的可行性，定性和定量研究巴氏新小绥螨（Neoseiulus barkeri）被动携带白僵菌孢子的能力以及所携带孢子的活性和毒力，评价二者联合应用的潜力。【方法】基于白僵菌SZ-26菌株不侵染巴氏新小绥螨的研究基础，采用喷雾法，用浓度为1.0×10⁸个孢子/mL白僵菌孢子液处理巴氏新小绥螨成螨后，用扫描电镜对被动携带孢子的捕食螨体表进行拍照，定性观察其携带白僵菌孢子的潜力；通过血球计数板和菌落计数法，分别定量检测其在不同处理时间（2、12、24和48 h）后所携带孢子的数量和活性；通过生物测定，研究捕食螨在上述不同处理时间后所被动携带和传播的孢子对西花蓟马（Frankliniella occidentalis）成虫的毒力。【结果】捕食螨可以被动携带白僵菌孢子，在2 h后，平均每头螨携带4.12×10⁴个孢子，随着时间的延长，其被动携带的孢子数量逐渐减少，48 h后，平均每头螨体表携带的孢子数量为7.95×10³个；捕食螨可将其被动携带的孢子传播出去，且散落的孢子具有一定活性，在2 h后，10头螨被动携带并传播的孢子可在培养基上形成24个菌落，随着时间的延长，形成的菌落数逐渐减少，48 h后，在培养基上仅能形成3个菌落；捕食螨传播出去的孢子具有一定毒力，在2 h后，10头螨被动携带并传播的孢子导致西花蓟马成虫在第10天的累积校正死亡率达到75%，随着时间的延长，对蓟马的致死率逐渐下降，48 h后，对蓟马成虫的致死率仅为25%。在2、12、24和48 h后，捕食螨被动携带的白僵菌孢子对蓟马成虫的致死率在10 d内均呈线性相关。2 h后，捕食螨被动携带的孢子对蓟马的致死中时最短，为6.44 d，48 h后，对蓟马的致死中时显著延长，为9.83 d。【结论】捕食螨在短时间内可以被动携带大量的白僵菌孢子，并将具有活性的孢子主动传播出去，从而对蓟马成虫起到触杀作用。因此，捕食螨和白僵菌具有联合应用的潜力。

关键词: 巴氏新小绥螨, 白僵菌, 孢子, 西花蓟马

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to assess the capability of predatory mite carrying conidia and test the vitality of conidia, which will provide a theoretical basis for combining application of Beauveria bassiana with predatory mite against Frankliniella occidentalis. 【Method】 Neoseiulus barkerimL B. bassiana suspensions, the potential of conidia carried by predator was observed under scanning electron microscope. The number of conidia carried by predator at different times (2, 12, 24 and 48 h) was counted under hemocytometer, and the vitality of conidia was tested by colonies counting. Moreover, the infection rates of conidia dispersed by predator at different times above were tested by bioassay. 【Result】The treated predatory mites could carry conidia. After 2 h, one female adult predator carried 4.12×10⁴ conidia. The number of conidia carried was decreased gradually with time increasing, after 48 h, one predator carried 7.95×10³ conidia. The conidia dispersed by predators had vitality. After 2 h, the conidia dispersed by 10 predators formed 24 colonies on medium. The number of colonies was decreased gradually with time increasing, after 48 h, only 3 colonies could be formed. The conidia dispersed by predators were virulent to F. occidentalis. After 2 h, the conidia dispersed by 10 predators caused 75% mortality of adult F. occidentalis on the 10th day. The mortality of F. occidentalis was decreased gradually with time increasing, after 48 h, 25% mortality of adult F. occidentalis was caused. After 2, 12, 24 and 48 h, the mortalities of adult F. occidentalis over the 10 days displayed linear correlation. The lethal time (LT₅₀) after 2 h was 6.44 d, which was significantly lower than that after 48 h (9.83 d). 【Conclusion】Predator mites can carry a large number of conidia within a short time, the conidia have vitality and can be dispersed and infected F. occidentalis, therefore, combined application of B. bassiana and predatory mite have a potential for control of F. occidentalis. adults were sprayed by 1.0×10⁸conidia/

Key words: Neoseiulus barkeri, Beauveria bassiana, conidia, Frankliniella occidentalis

吴圣勇，王鹏新，张治科，徐学农，雷仲仁. 捕食螨携带白僵菌孢子的能力及所携孢子的活性和毒力[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(20): 3999-4006.

WU Sheng-yong, WANG Peng-xin, ZHANG Zhi-ke, XU Xue-nong, LEI Zhong-ren. Effects of Fertilization on Aggregate Characteristics and Organic Carbon Distribution in a Paddy Soil in Dongting Lake Plain of China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(20): 3999-4006.

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https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2014/V47/I20/3999

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