不同浓度有机物料发酵流体对连作苹果幼树叶片光合荧光参数和根系抗氧化酶活性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.09.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】以富士/八棱海棠二年生幼树为试材，研究盆栽条件下连作土壤中施入不同浓度的有机物料发酵流体对苹果幼树叶片光合荧光参数和根系抗氧化酶活性的影响。【方法】试验包括重茬土(CK)，重茬土中加入1%、3%、5%、7%和9%的有机物料发酵流体6个处理，测定连作条件下苹果幼树株高、地径；根系超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）的活性；叶片净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）和胞间CO2浓度（Ci）；叶片荧光参数PSⅡ反应中心实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）、PSⅡ反应中心光能捕获效率（Fv'/ Fm'）、非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）、电子传递效率（ETR）和光化学猝灭系数（qP）的变化。【结果】有机物料发酵流体对连作苹果幼树株高、根系抗氧化酶和叶片的光合荧光参数的影响均表现为“低浓度促进，高浓度抑制”效应，低、中浓度（1%、3%、5%）的有机物料发酵流体浇灌的苹果幼树株高均高于同期对照，且以3%增长最显著，在春、夏和秋三个季节分别为同期对照的1.24倍、1.12倍和1.23倍；CAT活性从春到秋有逐渐升高的趋势，春秋季除3%处理外，其他各处理的根系CAT活性均低于对照，且差异显著。夏季不同处理根系 CAT 活性变化较大，除5%处理外，1%、3%、7%和9%各处理的CAT 活性均显著高于对照，分别是对照的 1.54、1.84、1.65和1.62倍。施入不同浓度的有机物料发酵流体同样改变了连作苹果幼树根系POD活性，除7%和9%处理外，其他各处理的根系POD活性随季节变化呈现先升高后降低的趋势。SOD活性从春到秋呈现降低的趋势，春季1%、3%和5%处理的SOD活性显著高于对照，分别为对照的1.28、1.34和1.24倍，而7%和9%处理显著低于对照，为对照的91.5%和93.9%。从春季到秋季，1%、3%和5%处理的苹果幼树叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素（a+b）含量呈现逐渐升高的趋势，在春、夏、秋季3%处理的各色素含量均为最高，在春季3%的各色素含量分别为同期对照的1.17、1.34、1.09和1.22倍；在夏季3%处理的各色素含量分别为同期对照的1.18、1.29、1.11和1.21倍；在秋季3%的各色素含量分别为同期对照的1.52、2.23、1.42和1.65倍；3%处理的连作苹果幼树叶片Pn、Tr、Gs分别比对照增加了13.8%、27.3%和17.3%。【结论】不同浓度的机物料发酵流体对连作苹果幼树的株高、叶片光合特性和根系相关抗氧化酶活性的影响不同，1%、3%、5%浓度有机物料发酵流体均可减轻苹果连作障碍，浓度高于5%的有机物料发酵流体则抑制了苹果幼树的生长。综合研究结果，推荐使用3%浓度的有机物料发酵流体，可较有效地减轻苹果连作障碍。

关键词: 有机物料 , 发酵流体 , 苹果幼树 , 连作障碍 , 光合作用 , 荧光参数 , 抗氧化酶

Abstract: 【Objective】The Fuji/Malus robusta biennial plants were selected as the test materials, and potted with continuous cropping soil. Effect of different concentrations of organic matter fermentation fluid on the young apple tree leaf photosynthesis fluorescent parameters and root antioxidant activity under replant conditions was studied.【Method】Fuji/Malus robusta biennial grafted plants were planted in clay basins. Six organic matter concentrations in the fermentation fluid were designed: CK, CK+1% (T1), CK+3% (T2), CK+5% (T3), CK+7% (T4) and CK+9% (T5). The plant height and basal diameter of young apple tree, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, catalase (CAT) activities, peroxidase (POD) activities of roots of young apple tree, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), actual PSⅡ efficiency (ΦPSⅡ), efficiency of light energy capture by open PSⅡ reaction centers (Fv′/Fm′), non-photochemical quenching of PSⅡ(NPQ), quantum yield of PSⅡ electron transport (ETR), photochemical quenching of PSⅡ(qP) of leaves of young apple tree were determined.【Result】The main results were as follows: the role of organic matter fermentation on the growth, root antioxidant activity and leaf photosynthesis fluorescent parameters of young apple tree showed a “promotion in low concentration and inhibition in high concentration” effect. Low and middle concentrations of organic matter fermentation fluid (1%, 3%, 5%) watered young apple tree plant height was higher than the concurrent control, and 3% treatment had the most significant growth, were 1.24, 1.12 and 1.23 times higher compared with the concurrent control in spring, summer and autumn. The activities of CAT were increased gradually from spring to autumn. In spring and autumn, root CAT activities of other treatments except 3% treatment were significantly lower than that of the control. The root CAT activity in all treatments increased, in addition to 5% treatment, CAT activity in 1%, 3%, 7% and 9% treatments were significantly higher than the control by 1.54, 1.84, 1.65 and 1.62 times in summer. Applying different concentrations of organic material fermentation fluid also changed root POD activity of young apple tree, and in addition to the 7% and 9% treatments, root POD activities in other treatments were increased first and then decreased according to the season. The activities of SOD were decreased gradually from spring to autumn, and in the spring SOD activities of 1%, 3% and 5% treatments were 1.28, 1.34 and 1.24 times higher than the control, while the 7% and 9% treatments were 91.5% and 93.9% lower than the control. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents of young apple tree leaves in 1%, 3% and 5% treatments were increased gradually from spring to autumn. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and chlorophyll (a+b) contents in 3% treatment were the highest in spring, summer and autumn, and were 1.17, 1.34, 1.09 and 1.22 times of the concurrent control in spring; and were 1.18, 1.29, 1.11 and 1.21 times of the concurrent control in summer, and 1.52, 2.23, 1.42 and 1.65 times of the concurrent control in autumn. In 3% treatment, the leaf Pn, Tr, and Gs of the continuous cropping apple trees increased by 13.8%, 27.3% and 17.3% compared with the control. 【Conclusion】The effects of different concentrations of organic material fermentation fluid on the growth, leaf photosynthesis fluorescent parameters and root antioxidant activity of young apple tree under replant conditions were different, 1%, 3% and 5% treatments could reduce the apple continuous cropping obstacle, and organic material fermentation fluid concentrations higher than 5% inhibited the growth of young apple trees. Therefore, the organic material fermentation fluid concentration of 3% can more effectively reduce the apple continuous cropping obstacle.

Key words: organic matter , fermentation fluid , young apple tree , continuous cropping obstacle , photosynthesis , fluorescent parameters , antioxidant activity

尹承苗, 张先富, 胡艳丽, 沈向, 陈学森, 吴树敬, 毛志泉. 不同浓度有机物料发酵流体对连作苹果幼树叶片光合荧光参数和根系抗氧化酶活性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(9): 1847-1857.

YIN Cheng-Miao, ZHANG Xian-Fu, HU Yan-Li, SHEN Xiang, CHEN Xue-Sen, WU Shu-Jing, MAO Zhi-Quan. Effect of Different Concentrations of Organic Matter Fermentation Fluid on the Young Apple Tree Leaf Photosynthesis Fluorescent Parameters and Root Antioxidant Activity Under Replant Conditions[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(9): 1847-1857.

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