喷雾器及施液量对水稻冠层农药雾滴沉积特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.20.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】分析弥雾机和手动喷雾器在不同施液量条件下喷雾，农药雾滴在水稻冠层沉积分布特征，阐明农药剂量的沉积结构及空间分布对药剂防治效果的影响。【方法】以农药雾滴采集装置和水敏纸收集农药雾滴，通过DepositScan软件分析雾滴覆盖率和雾滴密度，并利用示踪剂估测农药沉积量。【结果】弥雾机和手动喷雾器不同施液量条件下喷雾，叶角45°和0°水稻叶片正面的雾滴覆盖率显著高于叶片反面。弥雾机在225、450、600 L•hm-2施液量条件下喷雾，叶角0°水稻叶片反面的雾滴密度均大于200个/cm2，施液量间差异显著。手动喷雾器在600、900、1 200 L•hm-2施液量条件下喷雾，叶角0°和45°水稻叶片反面的雾滴密度均小于15个/cm2，施液量间无显著差异。相同剂量，弥雾机在450 L•hm-2施液量条件下喷雾，水稻冠层各位点上的农药沉积量最高；而手动喷雾器不同施液量条件下喷雾，水稻冠层各位点上的农药沉积量无显著差异。手动喷雾器喷雾叶片反面的农药沉积量均低于弥雾机喷雾。用15 g a.i.•hm-2氯虫苯甲酰胺防治纵卷叶螟，弥雾机在施液量450 L•hm-2条件下喷雾的防治效果最高，手动喷雾器在施液量1 200 L•hm-2条件下喷雾的防治效果最差。【结论】弥雾机和手动喷雾器稻田喷雾，农药雾滴在水稻叶片正面的覆盖率均高于叶片反面。弥雾机喷雾时增加施液量，能提高水稻叶片反面的雾滴密度和覆盖率；手动喷雾器喷雾时增加施液量，无显著效应。与手动喷雾器相比，弥雾机喷雾显著增加了叶片反面的雾滴密度、雾滴覆盖率及农药沉积量，能显著提高药剂的防治效果。

关键词: 水稻 , 喷雾器械 , 施液量 , 雾滴密度 , 雾滴覆盖率 , 沉积量

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to illustrate the relationship between pesticide deposit structure and spatial distribution on control efficiency, and to study the effects of sprayer and application rate on pesticide deposit character on rice canopy. 【Method】Droplets coverage and density of pesticide were assayed with DepositScan software after pesticide collected with the relevant collection device and water-sensitive paper. Meanwhile, the tracer material was also used to estimate the amounts of pesticide deposition.【Result】Sprayed by the motorized knapsack mist blower (MKM) and the lever-operated knapsack sprayer (LKS) at different application rates, the droplet coverage rate of pesticide at adaxial side of rice leaf was significantly higher than that at abaxial side with a leaf angle of 45° and 0°. The droplet densities at the abaxial side of the leaf with a leaf angle of 0° were more than 200 droplets/cm2 with pesticide sprayed by the MKM at the application rates of 225, 450 and 600 L•hm-2. Moreover, significant differences were found among these application rates. The droplet densities at the abaxial side of the leaf with the leaf angles of 0 ° and 45° were all below 15 droplets/cm2 with pesticides sprayed by LKS at the application rates of 600, 900 and 1 200 L•hm-2. In addition, no significant differences were found among these application rates. Application with the same dosage, the pesticide deposit amount in rice canopy at different sites reached the summit with pesticides sprayed by LKS at the application rate of 450 L•hm-2. However, a significant difference was not observed among the pesticide deposit amounts with pesticides sprayed by LKS at different application rates. Compared with MKM, pesticide deposit amounts at the leaf abaxial side were lower with pesticides sprayed by LKS. Application of chlorantraniliprole at 15 g active ingredients per hm2, the best control efficiency was observed at the application rate of 450 L•hm-2 sprayed by MKM, however, the worst control efficiency was showed at the application rate of 1 200 L•hm-2 sprayed by LKS.【Conclusion】 Application with both MKM and LKS in rice field, the pesticide droplets coverage rates at leaf adaxial side were all higher than leaf abaxial side. Sprayed by MKM, improvements of the droplets density and coverage rate were observed at the leaf abaxial side with the increase of the pesticide application amounts. However, sprayed by LKS, significant effects were not found in this study. Compared with LKS, solution sprayed by MKM can increase the droplet density, coverage rate and the pesticide deposit amount significantly, thus enhancing the control effect.

Key words: rice , sprayer , application rate of spray liquid , droplet density , droplet coverage ratio , deposition

徐德进, 顾中言, 徐广春, 许小龙. 喷雾器及施液量对水稻冠层农药雾滴沉积特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(20): 4284-4292.

XU De-Jin, GU Zhong-Yan, XU Guang-Chun, XU Xiao-Long. Influence of Sprayer and Application Rate on Pesticide Deposit Character on Rice Canopy[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(20): 4284-4292.

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