玉米叶片次生物质含量及相关基因表达与其对草地贪夜蛾抗性的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究玉米（Zea mays）对草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda）抗性与叶片次生物质（阿魏酸、咖啡酸、绿原酸和丁布）含量及其合成途径关键酶基因ZmPAL和ZmBX表达的关系，为玉米抗虫新品种培育提供理论依据。【方法】采用玉米心叶期人工接虫法和叶片饲喂法，以植株受害等级和取食后的草地贪夜蛾生长发育、繁殖参数为指标，评估陕西6个主栽玉米品种对草地贪夜蛾的抗性差异；采用比色法和高效液相色谱法分别测定玉米叶片3种酚酸和丁布含量；利用RT-qPCR方法分析草地贪夜蛾危害0、6和18 h后不同品种玉米叶片ZmPAL6、ZmPAL7、ZmBX10和ZmBX11 mRNA表达水平，分析次生物质含量与玉米对草地贪夜蛾抗性指标的相关性。【结果】供试玉米品种中郑单958、秦龙14和陕科16受害较轻，草地贪夜蛾危害7—14 d平均受害等级均小于4.20；正大12、纪元1号和德单123受害较重，平均受害等级介于4.31—7.22。取食正大12和纪元1号的草地贪夜蛾幼虫和蛹发育最快且体重较大，成虫寿命和产卵期较长且单雌产卵量显著较高。相反，以郑单958为食的幼虫发育最慢，幼虫和蛹体重较轻，成虫产卵前期较长，产卵期较短且繁殖力最低，其次为秦龙14和陕科16。相关性分析表明，玉米叶片绿原酸、阿魏酸和咖啡酸含量与植株受害等级和草地贪夜蛾幼虫体重显著负相关，与幼虫发育历期显著正相关；绿原酸含量同时与蛹重极显著负相关；丁布含量与植株受害等级显著负相关。草地贪夜蛾取食可快速诱导ZmPAL6、ZmPAL7、ZmBX10和ZmBX11上调表达；危害前后，郑单958和秦龙14中4个基因的表达量均显著高于纪元1号和正大12。【结论】陕西省主栽玉米品种郑单958、秦龙14和陕科16对草地贪夜蛾危害和生长发育有一定抗性，其抗性与叶片中3种酚酸和丁布含量及ZmPAL、ZmBX的诱导和组成型高水平表达有关。

关键词: 草地贪夜蛾, 玉米品种, 抗性, 次生物质, 基因表达

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aims to explore the relationship between the resistance of maize (Zea mays) to Spodoptera frugiperda and the content of secondary metabolites (ferulic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and DIMBOA) in leaves, as well as the gene expression of key enzymes ZmPALs and ZmBXs in their synthesis pathways, so as to provide theoretical guidance for the breeding of insect-resistant maize varieties.【Method】The resistance difference of six maize varieties cultivated in Shaanxi Province to S. frugiperda was evaluated by using artificial insect inoculation at maize whorl stage and leaf-feeding methods, with plant damage ratings, and development and reproduction parameters of S. frugiperda after feeding as indicators. Contents of three phenolic acids and DIMBOA were determined by colorimetry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to determine mRNA expression levels of ZmPAL6, ZmPAL7, ZmBX10, and ZmBX11 in maize leaves of different varieties at 0, 6, and 18 h after infestation. And then, the relationships between secondary metabolite contents and resistance indicators measured were studied by correlation analysis.【Result】Among the maize varieties tested, Zhengdan958, Qinlong14 and Shanke16 showed less damage, with mean ratings lower than 4.20 at 7-14 d after S. frugiperda infestation, while Zhengda12, Jiyuan1 and Dedan123 suffered the heaviest damage, with ratings from 4.31 to 7.22. Moreover, S. frugiperda larvae and pupae had the fastest development and significantly greater weight; adults had significantly longer lifespan and oviposition duration, as well as higher fecundity on Zhengda12 and Jiyuan1 compared to other varieties. By contrast, the slowest larvae development, significantly lower larval and pupal weight, longer adult preoviposition period lifespan, shorter oviposition duration and lower fecundity occurred on Zhengdan958, followed by Qinlong14 and Shanke16. Correlation analysis results showed that contents of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and caffeic acid in maize leaves showed significantly negative correlation with plant damage rating and larval weight of S. frugiperda, and significantly positive correlation with larval developmental period. In addition, chlorogenic acid content exhibited significantly negative correlation with pupal weight. DIMBOA content had significantly negative correlation with plant damage rating. The expressions of ZmPAL6, ZmPAL7, ZmBX10 and ZmBX11 were significantly induced by larval feeding. Whether non-infested or 6 and 18 h after infested plants, the expression levels of these four genes in Zhengdan958 and Qinlong14 were significantly higher than those in Jiyuan1 and Zhengda12.【Conclusion】Maize varieties Zhengdan958, Qinlong14 and Shanke16 planted in Shaanxi Province exhibit certain resistance to damage and growth and development of S. frugiperda, and their resistance is closely related to the contents of three phenolic acids and DIMBOA as well as the expression levels of ZmPALs and ZmBXs in leaves.

Key words: Spodoptera frugiperda, maize variety, resistance, secondary metabolite, gene expression

赵思捷, 任家欣, 南江磊, 王兴云, 成卫宁. 玉米叶片次生物质含量及相关基因表达与其对草地贪夜蛾抗性的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(8): 1686-1696.

ZHAO SiJie, REN JiaXin, NAN JiangLei, WANG XingYun, CHENG WeiNing. Relationships Between Secondary Metabolite Contents and Related Gene Expression in Maize Leaves and Their Resistance to Spodoptera frugiperda[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(8): 1686-1696.

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引物名称Primer name	正向引物Forward primer (5°-3°)	反向引物Reverse primer (5°-3°)
ZmPAL6	GATCGGCAAGCTCATGTTCG	CCCTTGAAGCCGTAGTCCAG
ZmPAL7	AGGGTCTTGCGATGGTGAA	TGGGTCAGGTGGTCAGTGTA
ZmBx10	CGTAAACGCCTTGCTGAACA	ACCACCGACGTCAACCAA
ZmBx11	ACCCTTCTCCAGATCCTCGC	GTCAACCTGTAGACGACGACA
ZmGADPH	AAACTGCCTTGCTCCCCTT	GAAGAACTTTACCAACAGCCTTG

发育阶段 Developmental stage	正大12 Zhengda12	纪元1号 Jiyuan1	德单123 Dedan123	陕科16 Shanke16	秦龙14 Qinlong14	郑单958 Zhengdan958
幼虫Larva	13.01±0.11d	13.22±0.09d	14.30±0.18c	16.68±0.30b	17.58±0.35a	17.60±0.06a
预蛹Prepupa	1.06±0.02c	0.96±0.03d	1.28±0.11a	1.13±0.03bc	1.16±0.06b	1.14±0.05bc
蛹Pupa	7.93±0.16c	7.56±0.13c	9.08±0.20b	11.14±0.20a	10.95±0.14a	9.21±0.25b
雌成虫Female adult	16.50±0.84a	16.73±0.79a	13.23±0.84b	13.28±0.94b	11.36±1.00c	13.45±0.78b
雄成虫Male adult	16.87±0.66a	17.26±0.81a	11.40±0.51c	11.46±0.44c	11.34±0.48c	13.36±0.45b

玉米品种Maize variety	产卵前期Preoviposition period (d)	产卵期Oviposition duration (d)	单雌产卵量Fecundity
纪元1号Jiyuan1	1.17±0.23c	6.33±0.57a	1152.83±137.80a
正大12 Zhengda12	1.22±0.18c	6.38±0.57a	1145.63±106.01a
秦龙14 Qinlong14	1.50±0.23b	5.27±0.38b	1069.45±91.12a
德单123 Dedan123	1.63±0.22b	5.23±0.21b	1009.00±89.31a
陕科16 Shanke16	1.67±0.22b	5.10±0.62b	1016.00±123.94a
郑单958 Zhengdan958	2.88±0.52a	4.25±0.75c	910.75±160.61b

生物学指标 Biological indicator	阿魏酸Ferulic acid		咖啡酸Caffeic acid		绿原酸Chlorogenic acid		丁布DIMBOA
生物学指标 Biological indicator	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P
7 d受害等级7 d Damage rating	-0.879*	0.021	-0.870*	0.024	-0.950**	0.004	-0.879*	0.021
14 d受害等级14 d Damage rating	-0.911*	0.012	-0.896*	0.016	-0.975**	0.002	-0.777	0.069
幼虫历期Larval duration	0.859*	0.028	0.839*	0.037	0.956**	0.003	0.771	0.072
幼虫体重Larval weight	-0.840*	0.036	-0.827*	0.042	-0.918*	0.010	-0.706	0.117
蛹重Pupal weight	-0.743	0.056	-0.706	0.076	-0.899**	0.007	-0.602	0.153
单雌产卵量Fecundity	-0.392	0.493	-0.319	0.538	-0.623	0.187	-0.803	0.054