外源玉米素对低温弱光胁迫下辣椒光合参数、抗氧化系统及玉米素合成相关基因表达的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.19.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究不同浓度玉米素（zeatin，ZT）溶液外源处理后对低温弱光胁迫下辣椒耐受性及玉米素合成相关基因表达的影响，揭示玉米素调节辣椒低温弱光耐受性的机制。【方法】以‘扬椒2号’辣椒品种为试验材料，待辣椒幼苗长至6片真叶后，外源叶片喷施不同浓度玉米素溶液（0、50、100、150、200、250 μmol·L^-1），连续处理4次之后将其转至人工气候箱模拟的低温弱光环境（温度10 ℃/5 ℃（昼/夜），光照强度100 μmol·m^-2·s^-1，12 h/12 h（昼/夜））下处理，7 d后测定生长指标、叶绿素含量、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数、渗透调节物质含量、电导率、活性氧含量、抗氧化酶活性、玉米素合成基因表达量及内源玉米素含量。【结果】外源玉米素处理显著促进了辣椒株高、茎粗、根长、地上部分鲜重、地下部分鲜重的增加；同时，显著提高了低温弱光胁迫下叶绿素含量、光合参数及叶绿素荧光参数；并显著提升可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸等渗透调节物质含量以及POD、SOD和CAT等抗氧化酶活性；减缓了活性氧的积累。此外，外源玉米素还诱导玉米素合成基因CaCKX6、CaCYP375A1、CaZOX、CaZOG的上调表达并促进辣椒内源玉米素含量增加，提升了其低温弱光耐受性。以150 μmol·L^-1玉米素浓度处理效果最佳。【结论】外源叶面喷施150 μmol·L^-1玉米素可有效提升辣椒的渗透调节物质含量及抗氧化酶活性，提高低温弱光胁迫下的光合参数及叶绿素荧光参数，同时诱导玉米素合成基因上调表达及内源玉米素产生，通过提高辣椒的低温弱光抗性缓解了低温弱光造成的胁迫损伤。

关键词: 外源玉米素, 低温弱光, 辣椒, 光合参数, 抗氧化系统, 基因表达

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to explore the effects of exogenous zeatin (ZT) application at different concentrations on the tolerance and expression of ZT biosynthesis-related genes in pepper (Capsicum annuum) under low- temperature combined with low-light stress, and to reveal the mechanism of zeatin regulating the tolerance of pepper to low-temperature and low-light stress.【Method】The ‘Yangjiao No. 2’ pepper variety was used as the test material. After the seedlings had grown six true leaves, the leaves were sprayed four times with ZT solutions at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 μmol·L^-1. Then, the seedlings were transferred to a low-temperature combined with low-light environment simulated by an artificial climate chamber (temperature: 10 ℃/5 ℃ (day/night), light intensity: 100 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, photoperiod: 12 h/12 h (day/night)) for 7 d. Growth indices, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, osmoregulatory substance levels (soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and proline), electrical conductivity (EC), reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, antioxidant enzyme activities (POD, SOD, and CAT), expression of ZT biosynthesis-related genes and endogenous ZT content were measured.【Result】Exogenous ZT application significantly enhanced plant height, stem diameter, root length, and both aboveground and underground fresh weights under stress conditions. Additionally, ZT treatment significantly increased chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. It also elevated the levels of osmoregulatory substances and the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, while reducing ROS accumulation. Furthermore, exogenous ZT induced the upregulation of ZT biosynthesis-related genes, including CaCKX6, CaCYP375A1, CaZOX, and CaZOG, and increased the content of endogenous ZT in pepper, which improved the low-temperature combined with low-light tolerance. Among the tested concentrations, 150 μmol·L^-1 ZT was identified as the most effective concentration.【Conclusion】Exogenous application of 150 μmol·L^-1 ZT effectively enhanced osmoregulatory substance content, stabilized chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, induced the upregulation of ZT biosynthesis-related genes and the production of endogenous ZT, thereby improving the resistance of pepper to low-temperature combined with low-light and alleviating the adverse impacts of low-temperature combined with low-light stress in pepper.

Key words: exogenous zeatin, low-temperature combined with low-light, pepper (Capsicum annuum), photosynthetic parameter, antioxidant system, gene expression

张杰, 胡晨曦, 祁建波, 张永泰, 陈以博, 张永吉. 外源玉米素对低温弱光胁迫下辣椒光合参数、抗氧化系统及玉米素合成相关基因表达的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(19): 3959-3969.

ZHANG Jie, HU ChenXi, QI JianBo, ZHANG YongTai, CHEN YiBo, ZHANG YongJi. Effects of Exogenous Zeatin on Photosynthetic Parameter, Antioxidant System and Expression of Genes Related to Zeatin Synthesis in Pepper Under Low-Temperature Combined with Low-Light Stress[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(19): 3959-3969.

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引物名称Primer name	引物序列Primer sequence (5′→3′)		用途Usage
RT-CaCKX6	F: TCCATCCGAAATCCGTTGC	R: CTTGCGCCTGGCCTAGAAG	表达量分析Expression level analysis
RT-CaCYP375A1	F: ATGGCAGGATAAAGTTCGT	R: CACTGTGATGTATGGCAAG	表达量分析Expression level analysis
RT-CaZOX	F: CTACTAAGAAGAGGCAACC	R: TATCAAGCCATCTCAAGCA	表达量分析Expression level analysis
RT-CaZOG	F: TGGCTCATTCGTCCACAGG	R: CAAGCAGCTATTGGCACCC	表达量分析Expression level analysis
Actin	F: TGTCCATCTGCTCTCTGTTG	R: CACCCCAAGCACAATAAGAC	内参基因Reference gene

指标Index	CK	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6
株高Plant height (cm)	9.33±0.17a	8.12±0.13d	8.95±0.14b	9.26±0.09ab	9.32±0.18a	8.87±0.09b	8.36±0.05bc
茎粗Stem diameter (mm)	2.30±0.08a	2.07±0.04e	2.18±0.02c	2.27±0.02b	2.31±0.09a	2.20±0.02c	2.13±0.02de
根长Root length (cm)	19.85±1.12a	10.29±0.78e	15.29±0.84d	18.30±0.70b	19.87±1.19a	18.17±1.05b	15.62±1.49c
地上部分鲜重 Aboveground fresh weight (g)	5.19±0.28a	4.14±0.06g	4.40±0.14e	4.72±0.12c	4.99±0.15ab	4.67±0.08cd	4.22±0.08f
地下部分鲜重 Underground fresh weight (g)	2.42±0.05a	1.87±0.09e	2.25±0.08c	2.36±0.08b	2.43±0.08a	2.37±0.04b	2.11±0.07d