秸秆还田对草甸土壤团聚结构和固碳效应的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.13.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究不同秸秆还田方式对草甸土壤团聚体分布与稳定性、有机碳组分和固碳效应的影响，为土壤团聚体结构改良和固碳潜力提升提供理论和实践依据。【方法】依托11年长期定位试验，处理分别为无秸秆还田（CK）、全量免耕覆盖秸秆还田（SNT）、半量免耕覆盖秸秆还田（NT）、全量连年翻压秸秆还田（S1）和全量隔年翻压秸秆还田（S2）。【结果】相较于CK处理，SNT处理显著提高0—40 cm土层土壤有机碳含量2.5％—6.6％；秸秆还田可不同程度提高0—40 cm土层中活性有机碳组分（易氧化有机碳、微生物量碳）含量，其中S1处理显著提高0—40 cm土层的易氧化有机碳含量15.4％—20.1％，NT处理显著提高0—40 cm土层的微生物量碳含量16.0％—17.6％，SNT处理显著提高0—40 cm土层的易氧化有机碳和微生物量碳含量，提升幅度分别达53.6％—54.1％和34.6％—57.2％。与CK处理相比，S2处理显著提高了0—20 cm土层>0.25 mm水稳性大团聚体百分含量，改善各粒级团聚体的分布情况，3—5和0.5—1 mm团聚体含量分别显著提高16.8％、49.0％；S1和NT处理显著提高了20—40 cm土层>0.25 mm水稳性大团聚体百分含量，S1处理>5 mm团聚体含量显著增加10.3％，NT处理3—5 mm团聚体含量显著增加25.7％。表层土中易氧化有机碳含量与>0.25 mm大团聚体百分含量呈显著正相关。各秸秆还田方式对各粒级团聚体易氧化有机碳含量的影响不同，SNT、S1处理均显著提高各粒级团聚体中易氧化有机碳含量，其中在0—20和20—40 cm土层，SNT处理对易氧化有机碳含量的提升幅度分别达9.5％—15.9％和9.1％—23.9％，S1处理提升幅度分别达12.7％—23.2％和14.8％—19.4％。【结论】不同秸秆还田方式可不同程度提高0—40 cm土层中土壤有机碳含量和活性碳组分含量，改善团聚体粒级分布。其中全量免耕覆盖秸秆还田更利于提升土壤有机碳、易氧化有机碳以及微生物量碳的含量，促进团聚体中易氧化有机碳的形成，从而提升土壤固碳潜力。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 草甸土, 土壤团聚体, 有机碳, 活性碳组分

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to explore the effects of different straw return methods on the distribution and stability of soil aggregates, as well as the organic carbon components and carbon sequestration effect in meadow soil, so as to provide the theoretical and practical basis for improving soil aggregate structure and enhancing carbon sequestration potential.【Method】Based on an 11-year long-term field experiment, the treatments were no straw returning (CK), full no-tillage with straw mulching (SNT), half no-tillage with straw mulching (NT), full annual incorporation of straw (S1), and full biennial incorporation of straw (S2). 【Result】Compared with the CK treatment, the SNT treatment significantly increased soil organic carbon content in the 0-40 cm soil layer by 2.5% to 6.6%. Straw returning could increase the content of active carbon components (easily oxidized organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon) in the 0-40 cm soil layer to varying degrees. Among them, the S1 treatment significantly increased the easily oxidized organic carbon content in the 0-40 cm soil layer from 15.4% to 20.1%, and the NT treatment significantly increased the microbial biomass carbon content in the 0-40 cm soil layer from16.0% to 17.6%. The SNT treatment significantly increased the easily oxidized organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon content in the 0-40 cm soil layer, with increases of 53.6% to 54.1% and 34.6% to 57.2%, respectively. Compared with the CK treatment, the S2 treatment significantly increased the percentage of water-stable macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) in the 0-20 cm soil layer and improved the distribution of aggregates of different sizes. The content of 3-5 mm and 0.5-1 mm aggregates increased significantly by 16.8% and 49.0%, respectively. The S1 treatment and NT treatment significantly increased the percentage of water-stable macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) in the 20-40 cm soil layer. The content of >5 mm aggregates in the S1 treatment increased significantly by 10.3%, and the content of 3-5 mm aggregates in the NT treatment increased significantly by 25.7%. The content of easily oxidized organic carbon in the surface soil was significantly positively correlated with the percentage of >0.25 mm macroaggregates. The effects of different straw returning methods on the content of easily oxidizable organic carbon in each particle size aggregate were different. The SNT treatment and the S1 treatment significantly increased the content of easily oxidizable organic carbon in each particle size aggregate. Among them, the SNT treatment increased the content by 9.5%-15.9% in the 0-20 cm soil layer and by 9.1%-23.9% in the 20-40 cm soil layer, while the S1 treatment increased the content by 12.7%-23.2% in the 0-20 cm soil layer and by 14.8%-19.4% in the 20-40 cm soil layer.【Conclusion】Different straw returning methods could increase the soil organic carbon content and the content of active carbon components in the 0-40 cm soil layer to varying degrees, and improve the distribution of aggregate size classes. Among them, full amount no-tillage and straw mulching returning was more conducive to increasing soil organic carbon, easily oxidized organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon content, and promoting the formation of easily oxidized organic carbon in aggregates to enhance soil carbon sequestration potential.

Key words: straw returning to the field, meadow soil, soil aggregates, organic carbon, active carbon components

黄一文, 隋世江, 何志刚, 叶鑫, 徐嘉翼, 邹晓锦, 宫亮. 秸秆还田对草甸土壤团聚结构和固碳效应的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(13): 2867-2877.

HUANG YiWen, SUI ShiJiang, HE ZhiGang, YE Xin, XU JiaYi, ZOU XiaoJin, GONG Liang. The Influence of Straw Returning to the Field on the Soil Agglomeration Structure and Carbon Sequestration Effect of Meadows[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(13): 2867-2877.

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	有机碳 SOC (g·kg^-1)	易氧化有机碳 EOC (mg·kg^-1)	微生物量碳 MBC (mg·kg^-1)	可溶性有机碳 DOC (mg·kg^-1)
0-20	CK	14.6±0.2a	372.9±24.8c	171.6±1.8c	383.2±14.8a
	NT	14.1±0.3b	323.2±25.1d	199.0±1.0b	268.4±60.0b
	SNT	15.0±0.2a	572.8±24.7a	231.1±1.8a	298.3±25.6b
	S1	14.1±0.3b	447.9±24.9b	165.9±15.2c	374.7±25.5a
	S2	13.5±0.1c	397.9±25.0c	138.8±10.9d	323.7±25.6ab
20-40	CK	13.2±0.2b	323.2±24.8cd	136.5±1.0c	400.2±25.5a
	NT	12.9±0.2bc	348.0±25.0bc	160.5±1.8b	374.7±25.5a
	SNT	14.0±0.3a	498.0±25.0a	214.6±1.8a	323.7±25.3b
	S1	12.9±0.3bc	372.9±25.1b	124.6±7.1d	272.8±25.5c
	S2	12.6±0.4c	298.0±24.7d	120.3±1.9d	272.8±25.5c