长期保护性耕作土壤有机碳矿化特征及其影响因子

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.10.009

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (10): 2181-2193.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.10.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

长期保护性耕作土壤有机碳矿化特征及其影响因子

叶梦雪¹(), 王宜伦¹, 张倩¹, 曾冲¹, 武雪萍²^,⁴, 吴会军²^,⁴, 田文仲³^,⁴, 吕军杰³^,⁴, 李俊红³^,⁴, 苗玉红¹(), 郑凤君¹()

¹ 河南农业大学资源与环境学院，郑州 450002
² 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室，北京 100081
³ 洛阳市农林科学研究院，河南洛阳 471022
⁴ 中国农业科学院洛阳旱农试验基地，河南洛阳 471023

收稿日期:2025-06-30 接受日期:2025-08-20 出版日期:2026-05-16 发布日期:2026-05-20
通信作者:
郑凤君，E-mail：zfengjun@henau.edu.cn。
苗玉红，E-mail：miaoyh@henau.edu.cn。
联系方式: 叶梦雪，E-mail：15936777657@163.com。
基金资助:
河南省重点研发与推广专项（科技攻关）(252102110197); 河南省自然科学基金(262300422481); 2023年高层次人才专项支持基金(30501580)

Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization and Its Influencing Factors Under Long-Term Conservation Tillage

YE MengXue¹(), WANG YiLun¹, ZHANG Qian¹, ZENG Chong¹, WU XuePing²^,⁴, WU HuiJun²^,⁴, TIAN WenZhong³^,⁴, LÜ JunJie³^,⁴, LI JunHong³^,⁴, MIAO YuHong¹(), ZHENG FengJun¹()

¹ College of Resource and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046
² Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing 100081
³ Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Luoyang 471022, Henan
⁴ Luoyang Dryland Agriculture Test Site, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luoyang 471023, Henan

Received:2025-06-30 Accepted:2025-08-20 Published:2026-05-16 Online:2026-05-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同耕作措施下土壤有机碳（SOC）矿化特征及其影响因子，明确保护性耕作下SOC的稳定性，揭示土壤碳转化规律，为干旱区农田管理提供科学依据。【方法】选取河南省洛阳市始于1999年的长期保护性耕作田间定位试验中的3个处理：传统耕作秸秆移除（CT）、深松秸秆覆盖还田（SS）和免耕秸秆覆盖还田（NT），采集0—10、10—20和20—30 cm土层土壤样品，测定土壤理化性质和碳矿化量，分析有机碳矿化特征及其影响因子。【结果】经过长达25年连续不同耕作，（1）与CT处理相比，NT处理显著提高了0—10 cm土层的养分、土壤含水量（SWC）、氧化还原电位（Eh）和微生物量碳（MBC）含量；SS处理显著提高10—20和20—30 cm土层养分、SWC和土壤容重（BD），显著降低0—10和10—20 cm土层无机碳（SIC）含量。（2）与CT处理相比，SS处理显著提高0—30 cm土层SOC、颗粒态有机碳（POC）及其组分和矿物结合态有机碳（MAOC）含量；NT处理0—20 cm土层的SOC、POC、f-POC（细颗粒有机碳）和MAOC含量较CT处理显著提高10.8%—20.6%。（3）与CT相比，SS和NT处理均显著提高0—30 cm土层SOC储量，增幅为10.2%—56.2%；1999—2015、1999—2019和1999—2024年SS较CT处理土壤SOC固存速率分别显著提高245.7%、20.3%和35.8%。（4）与CT相比，SS处理显著降低了0—10和20—30 cm土层的起始阶段和最终累积SOC矿化量；NT处理显著降低了10—20 cm土层的起始阶段和最终累积SOC矿化量。（5）通过PLS-PM模型分析表明，土壤物理特性（pH、SWC和BD）对MBC有直接负效应（0.82）；对MAOC（0.11）和POC（0.33）有间接正效应。MBC对有机碳阶段（0.27）和累积矿化（0.28）有间接正效应。【结论】连续25年的SS处理降低MBC含量，减少土壤碳矿化，有利于SOC积累和土壤肥力提升。MBC和MAOC是驱动土壤有机碳矿化的关键影响因子。

关键词: 保护性耕作, 碳矿化, 碳组分, 矿物结合态有机碳, 微生物量碳, 土壤理化特性

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization and its influencing factors under different tillage practices, clarify the stability of OC under conservation tillage, and reveal the transformation patterns of C, so as to provide a scientific basis for farmland management in arid areas.【Method】This study utilized a long-term conservation tillage field experiment established in 1999 in Luoyang, Henan Province. Three treatments were selected: conventional tillage with straw removal (CT), subsoiling with straw mulching and incorporation (SS), and no-till with straw mulching (NT). Soil samples were collected from the 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm soil layers. Soil physicochemical properties and carbon mineralization were measured, and the characteristics of SOC mineralization and its influencing factors were analyzed.【Result】After 26 years of continuous contrasting tillage practices: (1) Compared with CT, NT significantly increased soil nutrients, soil water content (SWC), redox potential (Eh), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content in the 0-10 cm layer. SS significantly increased soil nutrients, SWC, and bulk density (BD) in the 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers, while significantly decreasing soil inorganic carbon (SIC) content in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers. (2) Compared with CT, SS significantly increased the content of SOC, particulate organic carbon (POC) and its fractions, and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) across 0-30 cm soil layers. NT significantly increased the content of SOC, POC, fine particulate organic carbon (f-POC), and MAOC in the 0-20 cm layers by 10.8%-20.6% compared with CT. (3) Compared with CT, both SS and NT significantly increased SOC stocks across 0-30 cm soil layers by 10.2%-56.2%. The SOC sequestration rates under SS were significantly higher than under CT by 245.7% (1999-2015), 20.3% (1999-2019), and 35.8% (1999-2024). (4) Compared with CT, SS significantly reduced the initial and final cumulative SOC mineralization in the 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm layers. NT significantly reduced the initial and final cumulative SOC mineralization in the 10-20 cm soil layer. (5) Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) analysis revealed that soil physical properties (pH, SWC and BD) had a direct negative effect on MBC (path coefficient =-0.82), and indirect positive effects on MAOC (0.11) and POC (0.33). MBC had an indirect positive effect on the SOC mineralization rate (0.27) and cumulative mineralization (0.28).【Conclusion】Continuous SS practice for 25 years reduced MBC content, decreased SOC mineralization, and promoted SOC accumulation and soil fertility enhancement. MBC and MAOC were key driving factors influencing SOC mineralization.

Key words: conservation tillage, carbon mineralization, carbon fractions, mineral-associated organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, soil physico-chemical properties

叶梦雪, 王宜伦, 张倩, 曾冲, 武雪萍, 吴会军, 田文仲, 吕军杰, 李俊红, 苗玉红, 郑凤君. 长期保护性耕作土壤有机碳矿化特征及其影响因子[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(10): 2181-2193.

YE MengXue, WANG YiLun, ZHANG Qian, ZENG Chong, WU XuePing, WU HuiJun, TIAN WenZhong, LÜ JunJie, LI JunHong, MIAO YuHong, ZHENG FengJun. Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization and Its Influencing Factors Under Long-Term Conservation Tillage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(10): 2181-2193.

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长期保护性耕作土壤有机碳矿化特征及其影响因子

Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization and Its Influencing Factors Under Long-Term Conservation Tillage

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