施肥管理对麦后复种绿肥盐碱土碳组分与小麦产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.012

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (20): 4189-4202.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.012

施肥管理对麦后复种绿肥盐碱土碳组分与小麦产量的影响

于茹¹(), 李玉义¹^,², 曹巨峰³, 马俊³, 常芳弟¹, 宋佳珅¹^,⁴, 张宏媛¹^,², 李晓彬¹^,², 李浩若¹, 张华⁵, 王婧¹^,²()

¹ 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室（中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所），北京 100081
² 国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心，山东东营 257347
³ 巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究所，内蒙古巴彦淖尔 015000
⁴ 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
⁵ 巴彦淖尔市现代农牧事业发展中心，内蒙古巴彦淖尔 015000

收稿日期:2025-06-28 接受日期:2025-09-27 出版日期:2025-10-16 发布日期:2025-10-14
通信作者:
王婧，E-mail：wangjing02@caas.cn
联系方式: 于茹，E-mail：yuru0123@163.com。
基金资助:
“科技兴蒙”行动重点专项(NMKJXM202303); 中国农业科学院重大科技任务(CAAS-ZDRW202407); 国家自然科学基金(32401435); 国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22)

Effects of Fertilization Management on Soil Carbon Fractions and Crop Yield of Post-Wheat Green Manure Rotation in Saline-Alkali Soils

YU Ru¹(), LI YuYi¹^,², CAO JuFeng³, MA Jun³, CHANG FangDi¹, SONG JiaShen¹^,⁴, ZHANG HongYuan¹^,², LI XiaoBin¹^,², LI HaoRuo¹, ZHANG Hua⁵, WANG Jing¹^,²()

¹ State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Beijing 100081
² National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying 257347, Shandong
³ Bayannur Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Bayannur 015000, Inner Mongolia
⁴ Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
⁵ Bayannur Modern Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Development Center, Bayannur 015000, Inner Mongolia

Received:2025-06-28 Accepted:2025-09-27 Published:2025-10-16 Online:2025-10-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】在河套灌区盐碱地麦后复种绿肥（毛叶苕子，Vicia villosa Roth），探究不同化肥优化模式对土壤有机碳（SOC）关键组分动态、土壤碳过程及后茬春小麦产量的影响，以明确该体系下实现土壤碳固存与生产力协同提升的有效化肥减施途径。【方法】依托2015年在巴彦淖尔市临河区建立的长期定位试验，采用随机区组设计，分别设置CK（施氮磷钾肥），K0G（施氮磷肥），P0G（施氮钾肥）和N0G（施磷钾肥）4个处理，于2023年测定0—20、20—40 cm土层有机碳组分、酶活性以及春小麦产量，并计算表征土壤碳转化强度的碳过程指数。【结果】（1）相较于K0G和P0G处理，N0G处理（不施氮肥）显著降低了0—20 cm土层pH（降幅分别为0.17和0.11），并提升了有效磷（27.6%和96.3%）和速效钾（26.5%和46.3%）含量。相较于P0G处理，N0G处理显著增加了20—40 cm土层有效磷和速效钾含量192.7%和18.2%。（2）相较于K0G和P0G处理，N0G处理在0—40 cm土层的碳循环相关酶活性显著增加，其中葡萄糖苷酶显著增加了27.1%和53.6%、木聚糖酶显著增加了82.6%和65.9%、纤维二糖苷酶显著增加了46.2%和60.1%。（3）相较于K0G和P0G处理，N0G处理在0—40 cm土层的易氧化有机碳（LOC）显著增加了25.7%和26.3%、颗粒有机碳（POC）含量显著增加了50.0%和48.8%。相较于K0G处理，N0G处理显著增加了0—20 cm土层矿质结合态有机碳（MAOC）含量19.2%。土壤有机碳组分与土壤养分和酶活性呈显著正相关，与土壤pH呈显著负相关。（4）CK、K0G、P0G和N0G处理的春小麦产量分别为8.17、7.76、7.95、7.95 t·hm^-2。除K0G处理较CK显著降低了春小麦产量5.1%外，P0G、N0G与CK间无显著差异。土壤酶活性是预测春小麦产量的关键指标。（5）0—40 cm土层N0G处理的碳过程指数均显著高于K0G和P0G处理。且春小麦产量与0—20 cm土层碳过程指数呈显著正相关。【结论】在河套灌区盐碱地麦后复种绿肥体系中，N0G处理（麦后复种毛叶苕子并不施氮肥）能有效降低河套灌区盐碱地土壤pH、激活碳循环酶活性、促进有机碳活性组分积累，进而提升土壤碳过程指数，最终实现春小麦产量的增加。因此，该模式是协调该区域盐碱地改良（降碱、增碳）与作物稳产增产的有效化肥减施措施。

关键词: 麦后复种绿肥, 盐碱土, 施肥管理, 有机碳组分, 土壤酶, 产量, 河套灌区

Abstract:

【Objective】This study was conducted to explore the effects of different chemical fertilizer optimization managements on the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions, soil carbon process, and subsequent spring wheat yield in a post-wheat green manure (hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Roth) rotation of saline-alkali soil in the Hetao Irrigation District. The aim was to identify effective fertilizer reduction pathways for synergistically enhancing soil carbon sequestration and productivity. 【Method】Based on a long-term filed experiment established in 2015 in Linhe District, Bayannaoer City, four treatments were set up by randomized block design, including CK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer), K0G (nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer), P0G (nitrogen and potassium fertilizer), and N0G (phosphorus and potassium fertilizer). SOC fractions and enzyme activities in 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers, and spring wheat yield were measured in 2023, and the soil carbon process index for soil carbon transformation intensity was also calculated. 【Result】(1) Compared with K0G and P0G treatments in 0-20 cm soil layer, N0G treatment (nitrogen fertilizer reduction) significantly reduced soil pH by 0.17 and 0.11 units, while significantly increasing available phosphorus (AP) content by 27.6% and 96.3%, respectively, and available potassium (AK) content by 26.5% and 46.3%, respectively. Compared with P0G, N0G treatment significantly increased AP and AK contents by 192.7% and 18.2% in 20-40 cm soil layer, respectively. (2) Compared with K0G and P0G treatments, N0G treatment significantly enhanced carbon-related enzyme activities in 0-40 cm soil layer: β-glucosidase (27.1% and 53.6%, respectively), xylanase (82.6% and 65.9%, respectively), and cellobiosidase (46.2% and 60.1%, respectively). (3) Compared with K0G and P0G, N0G treatments significantly increased labile organic carbon (LOC) by 25.7% and 26.3%, respectively, and particulate organic carbon (POC) contents by 50.0% and 48.8% in 0-40 cm, respectively. Compared with K0G, N0G significantly increased mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) content by 19.2% in 0-20 cm. SOC fractions showed significant positive correlations with soil nutrients and enzyme activities, but significant negative correlations with soil pH. (4) Spring wheat yield under CK, K0G, P0G and N0G treatments were 8.17, 7.76, 7.95 and 7.95 t·hm^-2, respectively. There was no significant difference between P0G, N0G and CK, except that K0G significantly reduced the yield by 5.1% compared with CK. Soil enzyme activities were the significant predictors of spring wheat yield. (5) N0G treatment exhibited higher carbon process index in both 0-40 cm layers, significantly exceeding K0G and P0G treatments. Spring wheat yield showed a significant positive correlation with the carbon process index in the 0-20 cm soil layer. 【Conclusion】N0G (multiple cropping of hairy vetch without nitrogen fertilizer after wheat) effectively reduced soil pH, activated carbon cycle-related enzyme activities, promoted organic carbon labile fractions accumulation, and enhanced carbon process index, ultimately increasing spring wheat yield of a wheat-green manure cropping system in the Hetao Irrigation District. Therefore, this approach was a viable fertilizer reduction strategy for harmonizing soil amelioration (pH reduction, C sequestration) with stable crop productivity in saline-alkali soil.

Key words: post-wheat green manure rotation, saline-alkali soil, fertilization management, organic carbon fractions, soil enzyme, yield, Hetao Irrigation District

于茹, 李玉义, 曹巨峰, 马俊, 常芳弟, 宋佳珅, 张宏媛, 李晓彬, 李浩若, 张华, 王婧. 施肥管理对麦后复种绿肥盐碱土碳组分与小麦产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(20): 4189-4202.

YU Ru, LI YuYi, CAO JuFeng, MA Jun, CHANG FangDi, SONG JiaShen, ZHANG HongYuan, LI XiaoBin, LI HaoRuo, ZHANG Hua, WANG Jing. Effects of Fertilization Management on Soil Carbon Fractions and Crop Yield of Post-Wheat Green Manure Rotation in Saline-Alkali Soils[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(20): 4189-4202.

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处理 Treatments	基肥 Basic fertilizer (kg·hm^-2)				追肥 Additional fertilizer (kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatments	尿素 Urea	磷酸二铵 Diammonium phosphate	重过磷酸钙 Superphosphates	氯化钾 Potassium chloride	尿素 Urea
CK	85	195	-	80	165
K0G	85	195	-	-	165
P0G	85	-	-	80	165
N0G	-	-	195	80	-

施肥管理对麦后复种绿肥盐碱土碳组分与小麦产量的影响

Effects of Fertilization Management on Soil Carbon Fractions and Crop Yield of Post-Wheat Green Manure Rotation in Saline-Alkali Soils

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