我国新育成小麦品种（系）籽粒不同部位铁含量及影响因素

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.03.002

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (3): 416-430.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.03.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

我国新育成小麦品种（系）籽粒不同部位铁含量及影响因素

罗一诺¹(), 李艳霏¹, 李文虎¹, 张思琦¹, 牟文燕¹, 黄宁¹, 孙蕊卿¹, 丁玉兰¹, 佘文婷¹, 宋文斌¹, 李小涵¹, 石美¹, 王朝辉¹^,²

¹ 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
² 西北农林科技大学/作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2024-07-20 接受日期:2024-09-09 出版日期:2025-02-01 发布日期:2025-02-11
通信作者:
王朝辉，E-mail：w-zhaohui@263.net
联系方式: 罗一诺，E-mail：583130008@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3); 国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200400)

Iron Concentrations in Grain and Its Different Parts of Newly Developed Wheat Varieties (Lines) in China and Influencing Factors

LUO YiNuo¹(), LI YanFei¹, LI WenHu¹, ZHANG SiQi¹, MU WenYan¹, HUANG Ning¹, SUN RuiQing¹, DING YuLan¹, SHE WenTing¹, SONG WenBin¹, LI XiaoHan¹, SHI Mei¹, WANG ZhaoHui¹^,²

¹ College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro- Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
² Northwest A&F University/ State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistanceand High-Efficiency Production, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi

Received:2024-07-20 Accepted:2024-09-09 Published:2025-02-01 Online:2025-02-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确我国主要麦区新育成高产小麦品种（系）籽粒、面粉和麸皮铁含量，探究产量、产量构成、铁吸收分配和土壤因素对小麦籽粒及各部位铁含量的影响，为我国小麦铁营养强化提供依据。【方法】于2021—2022和2022—2023年2个小麦生长季，结合国家小麦产业技术体系在我国4个主要麦区17个省（市）布置的104个新育成小麦品种（系）田间多点试验，测定分析小麦籽粒、面粉和麸皮的铁含量，以及产量、产量构成、铁吸收分配、土壤理化性质和氮磷钾肥施用量，研究我国新育成小麦品种（系）籽粒不同部位铁含量及吸收分配和环境影响因素。【结果】我国主要麦区新育成高产小麦品种（系）籽粒、面粉和麸皮铁含量变异显著，分别为20.2—57.1、2.1—37.5和31.2—144.5 mg·kg^-1，平均为34.6、10.8和72.8 mg·kg^-1。长江中下游麦区和西南麦区的小麦品种（系）籽粒及各部位铁含量高于黄淮南北麦区，面粉和麸皮铁含量均与籽粒铁含量呈正相关，籽粒铁含量每提高1.0 mg·kg^-1，面粉铁含量则提高0.2—0.3 mg·kg^-1，麸皮铁含量则提高1.9—2.3 mg·kg^-1。籽粒铁含量与产量、生物量和穗数呈负相关，产量每增加1.0 t·hm^-2，籽粒铁含量则降低1.2 mg·kg^-1；穗数每增加100×10⁴/hm²，籽粒铁含量则降低0.3 mg·kg^-1。面粉铁含量与籽粒、茎叶、颖壳和麸皮铁吸收量呈负相关。籽粒中铁与锰、铜和锌协同。籽粒及各部位铁含量因地点而异，麦区间不同地点对籽粒铁含量变异的贡献为39%—70%。土壤pH、有效磷、铁和锰是影响小麦籽粒铁营养的主要环境因素，籽粒铁含量与土壤有效磷呈正相关，面粉铁含量与pH呈负相关，与土壤有效铁和锰呈正相关。【结论】我国新育成高产小麦品种（系）中存在高铁品种，在生产中稳定穗数，提高籽粒铁收获指数，调控土壤pH，提高土壤有效磷、铁和锰，合理施用氮磷等肥料，有利于实现小麦产量与籽粒和面粉铁营养的协同提升。

关键词: 小麦, 品种, 面粉, 铁, 产量, 土壤养分

Abstract:

【Objective】 The study aims to measure the iron (Fe) concentration in the grain, flour, and bran of newly developed high-yielding wheat varieties (lines) in major wheat production regions of China. It investigates the impact of yield, yield components, and soil factors on Fe absorption and distribution within the wheat, and determine the effects of these variables on Fe concentrations in its different parts. The objective is to provide a basis for grain Fe nutritional fortification in wheat. 【Method】A study was conducted on 104 newly developed wheat varieties (lines) through multi-point trials across 17 provinces in major wheat production regions of China. The research analyzed Fe concentration in wheat grain, flour and bran, along with yield, yield components, Fe absorption and distribution, soil physicochemical properties, and fertilizer application rates during the 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 growing seasons, to study the Fe concentration in different parts of the grain of newly developed wheat varieties (lines) in China, as well as the absorption and distribution of Fe and environmental influencing factors. 【Result】Significant variations for Fe concentrations were observed in the wheat grain, flour and bran among new varieties (lines) in the major wheat production regions of China,with the range of 20.2-57.1, 2.1-37.5, and 31.2-144.5 mg·kg^-1, and the average of 34.6, 10.8, and 72.8 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Wheat varieties (lines) in the southern wheat regions exhibited higher Fe concentrations in grains and its different parts compared to that in the northern regions, and the Fe concentration in flour and bran showed a positive correlation with its in grain. For every 1.0 mg·kg^-1 increase in grain Fe, flour saw a 0.2 to 0.3 mg·kg^-1 rise, and bran experienced a 1.9 to 2.3 mg·kg^-1 increase. The Fe concentration in grains was negatively correlated with yield, biomass, and spike number. With each 1.0 t·hm^-2 increase in yield, there was a decrease of 1.2 mg·kg^-1 in grain Fe concentration. For every 100×10⁴/hm² increase in spike number, the grain Fe concentration decreased by 0.3 mg·kg^-1. The flour Fe concentration showed negative relationship with Fe absorption in grain, straw, glume and bran. The grain Fe concentration was negatively correlated with calcium, and positively with manganese, copper, and zinc. The grain Fe concentrations varied over locations, and different locations contributing 39% to 70% to the variation in grain Fe concentration. Soil pH, available phosphorus, Fe and manganese as major environmental factors affecting Fe nutrition in wheat grains. Grain Fe concentrations were negatively correlated with soil available phosphorus. Meanwhile, flour Fe concentrations were negatively correlated with soil pH, and positively correlated with soil available iron and manganese. 【Conclusion】High-Fe varieties (lines) were found among the newly developed high-yielding wheat varieties (lines) in China. Maintaining stable spike number, regulating soil pH, increasing grain Fe harvest index, soil available phosphorus, iron, manganese and appropriately applying N, P to enhance soil fertility were conducive to achieving a synergistic enhancement of both yield and Fe concentrations in wheat grain and flour.

Key words: wheat, varieties, flour, iron, yield, soil nutrients

罗一诺, 李艳霏, 李文虎, 张思琦, 牟文燕, 黄宁, 孙蕊卿, 丁玉兰, 佘文婷, 宋文斌, 李小涵, 石美, 王朝辉. 我国新育成小麦品种（系）籽粒不同部位铁含量及影响因素[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(3): 416-430.

LUO YiNuo, LI YanFei, LI WenHu, ZHANG SiQi, MU WenYan, HUANG Ning, SUN RuiQing, DING YuLan, SHE WenTing, SONG WenBin, LI XiaoHan, SHI Mei, WANG ZhaoHui. Iron Concentrations in Grain and Its Different Parts of Newly Developed Wheat Varieties (Lines) in China and Influencing Factors[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(3): 416-430.

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麦区 Region	pH	有机质SOM (g·kg^-1)	土壤全氮TN (g·kg^-1)	有效养分 Available nutrient (mg·kg^-1)							施肥量 Fertilizer rate (kg·hm^-2)
麦区 Region	pH	有机质SOM (g·kg^-1)	土壤全氮TN (g·kg^-1)	矿质氮 MN	速效磷 AP	速效钾 AK	有效铁 AFe	有效锰 AMn	有效铜 ACu	有效锌 AZn	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
黄淮北片 NHHP	8.4±0.3	23.9±10.3	1.3±0.3	39.3±15.6	34.0±7.0	164.3±15.5	9.2±6.3	11.9±4.3	1.2±0.3	1.9±0.9	288±82.1	158±46.4	71±28.6
黄淮南片 SHHP	8.2±1.4	24.7±12.7	1.4±0.4	27.5±12.6	47.5±16.8	217.6±91.6	33.1±23.5	20.2±16.2	1.3±0.4	0.7±0.8	251±59.2	128±34.8	75±26.6
长江中下游 MLYR	5.6±0.5	28.1±1.3	1.8±0.2	32.5±13.3	38.3±10.1	161.9±24.0	171.6±55.8	52.2±27.0	3.1±0.8	0.9±0.3	229±39.3	91±25.8	82±22.8
西南麦区 SWC	6.9±0.6	29.0±5.1	1.6±0.3	17.4±7.1	23.5±9.0	153.2±47.7	66.6±36.8	29.6±8.2	3.5±0.6	1.2±0.2	184±45.2	76±39.7	57±18.8
所有试验点 ALL	7.3±1.2	25.8±9.4	1.5±0.4	31.1±17.8	36.7±13.9	176.2±66.3	57.6±45.2	25.1±15.6	2.0±1.2	1.4±0.8	249±73.4	123±47.9	72±26.6

各器官和部位铁吸收分配 Fe uptake, harvest index and distribution index	黄淮北片 NHHP	黄淮南片 SHHP	长江中下游 MLYR	西南麦区 SWC	所有试验点 ALL
籽粒铁吸收量Grain Fe uptake (g·hm^-2)	289.7ab	295.7a	271.9c	191.1d	279.8bc
茎叶铁吸收量Straw Fe uptake (g·hm^-2)	2256.9a	1998.4ab	1752.6bc	1513.2c	2018.2ab
颖壳铁吸收量Glume Fe uptake (g·hm^-2)	294.6b	331.3a	291.5b	149.3c	290.3b
面粉铁吸收量Flour Fe uptake (g·hm^-2)	54.1a	55.5a	48.2b	34.4c	51.6ab
麸皮铁吸收量Bran Fe uptake (g·hm^-2)	235.8ab	240.4a	225.1b	156.7c	228.5ab
籽粒铁收获指数Grain Fe harvest index (%)	14.5ab	15.0ab	13.8b	15.8a	14.6ab
茎叶铁收获指数Straw Fe harvest index (%)	71.4ab	69.1b	71.8ab	74.1a	71.0b
颖壳铁收获指数Glume Fe harvest index (%)	14.1b	15.9a	14.3ab	10.1c	14.4ab
面粉铁分配指数Flour Fe distribution index (%)	19.6a	19.4a	18.6a	18.5a	19.2a
麸皮铁分配指数Bran Fe distribution index (%)	80.6a	80.6a	82.0a	81.7a	81.0a

部位 Part	分组 Group	铁含量 Fe concentration (mg·kg^-1)	土壤pH和有效养分Soil pH and available nutrients (mg·kg^-1）
部位 Part	分组 Group	铁含量 Fe concentration (mg·kg^-1)	pH	有效磷AP	有效铁AFe	有效锰AMn
籽粒 Grain	高铁HFe	38.7±1.2a	5.5±0.1b	42.1±7.0a	202.5±51.0a	41.2±7.1a
籽粒 Grain	低铁LFe	31.3±0.8b	8.5±0.5a	34.2±12.2a	7.4±2.5b	9.4±1.7b
面粉 Flour	高铁HFe	13.0±1.5a	5.9±1.1b	41.2±20.8a	116.7±79.2a	51.9±14.6a
面粉 Flour	低铁LFe	8.5±1.2b	8.4±0.5a	31.5±7.4a	6.8±2.1b	9.7±2.4b
麸皮 Bran	高铁HFe	80.4±2.1a	5.4±1.4b	65.3±14.7a	156.0±56.6a	44.2±27.2a
麸皮 Bran	低铁LFe	64.7±3.2b	8.6±0.9a	31.2±6.4b	6.8±1.2a	10.6±2.2a

我国新育成小麦品种（系）籽粒不同部位铁含量及影响因素

Iron Concentrations in Grain and Its Different Parts of Newly Developed Wheat Varieties (Lines) in China and Influencing Factors

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