黑土区坡耕地地形因子和垄作方式对土壤养分和肥力指数的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.18.008

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (18): 3676-3689.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.18.008

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

黑土区坡耕地地形因子和垄作方式对土壤养分和肥力指数的影响

吴勇¹^,²(), 文雪¹, 王天舒¹, 黄炎炎¹, 孟熠黎¹, 姜红宇³, 毕利东², 吴会军¹, 尧水红¹()

¹ 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081
² 河海大学农业科学与工程学院，南京 211100
³ 黑龙江省红星农场，黑龙江北安 164022

收稿日期:2024-11-01 接受日期:2025-02-20 出版日期:2025-09-18 发布日期:2025-09-18
通信作者:
尧水红，E-mail：yaoshuihong@caas.cn
联系方式: 吴勇，E-mail：714904785@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1500700); 中国农业科学院重大任务(CAASZDRW202408)

The Influence of Topographic Factors and Ridge Tillage Methods on Soil Nutrients and Fertility Index of Sloping Arable Land in the Black Soil Region

WU Yong¹^,²(), WEN Xue¹, WANG TianShu¹, HUANG YanYan¹, MENG YiLi¹, JIANG HongYu³, BI LiDong², WU HuiJun¹, YAO ShuiHong¹()

¹ State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081
² College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hehai University, Nanjing 211100
³ Heilongjiang Hongxing Farm, Bei'an 164022, Heilongjiang

Received:2024-11-01 Accepted:2025-02-20 Published:2025-09-18 Online:2025-09-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探明东北黑土区不同地形因子（坡位、坡度）和垄作方式（横坡垄作、顺坡垄作）对土壤养分和肥力指数（SFI）的影响，为区域坡耕地垄作方式选择和土壤肥力保持提供科学依据。【方法】选取黑龙江省北安市红星农场内典型长缓坡耕地为研究对象，在两个不同垄作方式的地块网格化布点采样（横坡垄作地块，18个点位；顺坡垄作地块，11个点位），分析坡位和坡度对两种垄作方式下土壤养分含量和SFI的差异，并采用方差分析（ANOVA）检验地形因子、垄作方式及其交互作用对两地块土壤养分空间分布差异进行归因，最后利用方差分解分析（VPA）量化各因子对SFI的解释度。【结果】两地块土壤养分含量和肥力指数差异显著，其中土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷和速效钾的平均值均表现为横坡垄作地块显著高于顺坡垄作，但pH却显著低于顺坡垄作。因此，两地块SFI值表现为横坡垄作>顺坡垄作（P<0.05）。坡位和坡度均显著的影响不同垄作方式地块的土壤养分空间分布，从而导致两地块各影响因子对SFI变异的解释度差异较大。横坡垄作地块内部的微地形差异形成的坡度等级（解释度32.62%）是驱动土壤养分产生分异的主要原因，其土壤全磷和有效磷含量随着坡度增加而下降；顺坡垄作地块土壤有机质、全氮和全磷在坡中含量最高，土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、有效磷和速效钾含量均随着坡度增加呈先降后增的趋势，坡位（解释度6.81%）和坡度（解释度7.22%）均影响土壤养分分布。综合分析整个坡面土壤SFI发现，垄作方式对SFI空间变异的解释度最高（15.46%）、坡位次之（9.54%）、垄作方式与坡度和坡位两地形因子交互作用的解释度合计9.49%。【结论】地形因子在坡耕地土壤养分迁移过程中发挥了关键作用，且在不同垄作方式下各因子（坡度和坡位）的作用效应也有显著差别。横坡垄作内部微地形造成的坡度差有利于保持土壤养分，而顺坡垄作坡度和坡位因子共同影响土壤养分的空间分异。就整个坡面而言，垄作方式对土壤肥力空间分异的贡献大于地形因子。因此，黑土坡耕地治理需要同时考虑垄作方式与地形的共同影响。

关键词: 黑土区, 地形因子, 垄作方式, 土壤养分, 土壤肥力指数

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the impact of different topographic factors (such as slope position and slope gradient) and ridge tillage methods (such as transverse ridge tillage and longitudinal ridge tillage) on soil nutrient content and fertility indexes of sloping arable land, which would provide a scientific basis for selecting the ridge tillage method and maintaining soil fertility of sloping arable land in this region. 【Method】The study was conducted on a typical long, gentle slope arable land in Hongxing Farm, Bei’an City, Heilongjiang Province. Grid-based sampling was conducted in plots with two different ridge tillage methods (transverse ridge tillage plot, 18 points; longitudinal ridge tillage plot, 11 points). Comparative analysis was carried out to assess the effects of slope position and slope gradient on soil nutrient contents and the Soil Fertility Index (SFI) under the two ridge tillage methods. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the impact of topographic factors, ridge tillage methods, and their interactions on the differences in soil nutrient spatial distribution between the two plots. Finally, variance partitioning analysis (VPA) was used to quantify the contribution of each factor to the explanatory degrees of SFI. 【Result】The differences in soil nutrient content and fertility index between the two plots were significant. The mean values of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, effective phosphorus, and available potassium were all significantly higher in the transverse ridge tillage plot compared with the longitudinal ridge tillage plot. However, the pH value was significantly lower in the transverse plot than that in the longitudinal plot. Consequently, the SFI of the two plots was ranked as follows: transverse ridge tillage>longitudinal ridge tillage (P<0.05). Slope position and slope gradient significantly influenced the spatial distribution of soil nutrients in plots with different ridge tillage methods, resulting in significant differences in the explanatory degree of each influencing factors on SFI variation between the two plots. In the transverse ridge tillage plot, the slope gradient differences caused by the micro-terrain (explanatory degrees, 32.62%) were the main drivers of soil nutrient differentiation. In this plot, soil total and effective phosphorus decreased as the slope increasing. In the longitudinal ridge tillage plot, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were the highest at the middle slope, and soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium, effective phosphorus, and available potassium initially decreased and then increased with rising slope. In this plot, the slope position (explanatory degrees, 6.81%) and slope gradient (explanatory degrees, 7.22%) influence the distribution of soil nutrients. A comprehensive analysis of the SFI across the entire slope surface revealed that ridge tillage method had the highest explanatory degrees for the spatial variation of SFI (15.46%), followed by slope position (9.54%). The combined explanatory degree of the interaction between ridge tillage method and the two topographic factors, slope gradient and slope position, was 9.49%. 【Conclusion】Topographic factors played a key role in soil nutrient migration in sloping arable land, and the impact of each factor (slope gradient and slope position) varied significantly under different ridge tillage methods. In transverse ridge tillage, slope differences caused by internal micro-terrain helped retain soil nutrients, while in longitudinal ridge tillage, slope gradient and slope position influenced the spatial differentiation of soil nutrients. Across the entire slope surface, the contribution of ridge tillage method to the spatial variation in soil fertility was greater than that of topographic factors. Therefore, the management of black soil sloping farmland needed to consider the combined effects of ridge tillage methods and topography.

Key words: black soil region, topographic factors, ridge tillage methods, soil nutrients, soil fertility index

吴勇, 文雪, 王天舒, 黄炎炎, 孟熠黎, 姜红宇, 毕利东, 吴会军, 尧水红. 黑土区坡耕地地形因子和垄作方式对土壤养分和肥力指数的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(18): 3676-3689.

WU Yong, WEN Xue, WANG TianShu, HUANG YanYan, MENG YiLi, JIANG HongYu, BI LiDong, WU HuiJun, YAO ShuiHong. The Influence of Topographic Factors and Ridge Tillage Methods on Soil Nutrients and Fertility Index of Sloping Arable Land in the Black Soil Region[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(18): 3676-3689.

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指标 Indicator	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ
酸碱度 pH	6.5-7.5	5.5-6.5 or 7.5-8.5	<5.5 or >8.5	/	/	/
有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	>40	30-40	20-30	10-20	6-10	<6
全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	>2	1.5-2	1-1.5	0.75-1	0.5-0.75	<0.5
全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	>1	0.8-1	0.6-0.8	0.4-0.6	0.2-0.4	<0.2
全钾 Total potassium (g·kg^-1)	>25	20-25	15-20	10-15	5-10	<5
碱解氮 Alkaline decomposition nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	>150	120-150	90-120	60-90	30-60	<30
有效磷 Effective phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	>40	20-40	10-20	5-10	3-5	<3
速效钾 Quick-acting potassium (mg·kg^-1)	>200	150-200	100-150	50-100	30-50	<30

指标 Indicator	含量范围 Content range		变异系数 CV (%)		均值+标准误差 Mean+SE
指标 Indicator	横坡垄作 Transverse ridge	顺坡垄作 Longitudinal ridge	横坡垄作 Transverse ridge	顺坡垄作 Longitudinal ridge	横坡垄作 Transverse ridge	顺坡垄作 Longitudinal ridge
酸碱度 pH	4.8-6.1	5.0-6.2	4.92	5.76	5.4±0.03b	5.7±0.06a
有机质 Soil organic matter (g·kg^-1)	43.07-142.64	27.57-83.70	31.19	26.29	68.65±2.76a	59.26±2.71b
全氮 Total nitrogen(g·kg^-1)	1.82-5.29	1.37-3.95	28.19	25.55	3.17±0.12a	2.83±0.13b
全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	0.73-1.77	0.65-1.58	22.22	22.08	1.18±0.03a	1.06±0.04b
全钾 Total potassium (g·kg^-1)	13.32-18.09	13.23-18.58	6.43	9.18	16.27±0.14a	15.69±0.25b
碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	17.92-469.63	33.12-126.87	88.60	32.74	86.98±9.95a	72.96±4.16a
有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	12.48-175.05	21.37-60.19	67.57	31.90	47.64±4.16a	36.84±2.05b
速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	112.63-574.28	141.32-285.80	31.91	22.24	219.85±9.06a	183.86±7.12b

指标 Indication	坡度 Slope gradient	坡位 Slope position	垄作方式 Ridge tillage methods	坡度×坡位 Slopegradient× slope positions	坡度×垄作方式 Slope gradient× ridge tillage methods	坡位×垄作方式 Slope positions× ridge tillage methods	坡度×坡位×垄作方式 Slope gradient× Slope positions×Ridge tillage methods
酸碱度 pH	0.383	0.319	*	0.372	0.121	0.357	0.335
有机质 Soil organic matter	0.768	0.798	0.105	0.373	0.964	0.136	0.530
全氮 Total nitrogen	0.723	0.981	0.206	0.384	0.885	0.215	0.733
全磷 Total phosphorus	0.584	0.990	0.179	0.291	0.812	0.151	0.744
全钾 Total potassium	0.489	0.565	0.539	0.910	0.483	0.418	0.543
碱解氮Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen	0.912	0.488	0.663	0.952	0.751	0.867	0.368
有效磷 Available phosphorus	**	*	0.334	*	0.238	0.977	*
速效钾 Available potassium	**	**	*	**	*	0.640	0.908

黑土区坡耕地地形因子和垄作方式对土壤养分和肥力指数的影响

The Influence of Topographic Factors and Ridge Tillage Methods on Soil Nutrients and Fertility Index of Sloping Arable Land in the Black Soil Region

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