关键词: 保护性耕作, 生态补偿机制, 补偿标准, 外部效应, 秸秆还田, 黑土区, 东北

Abstract:

In the new period, the protection of cultivated land quality in the black soil region should be the primary task to strengthen the “ballast stone” of national grain security, and to consolidate and to improve the comprehensive grain production capacity in Northeast China. Conservation tillage, while being a key technology for protecting and improving the quality of black soil, has practical constraints on its large-scale application at the policy and subject levels. The aim of this study was to understand scientifically the shortcomings of ecological compensation policies for conservation tillage in the black soil areas of Northeast China and to explore the optimization paths for the compensation policies for conservation tillage technology with a problem-oriented approach, which could provide a scientific basis for making up for the shortcomings of the system and achieving precise policy implementation. The subsidy standard of corn straw returning technology in northeast black soil region was summarized, the practical constraints of subsidy policy were qualitatively analyzed, and the main obstacle factors of current conservation tillage support policy were clarified by comprehensively utilizing literature analysis, normative analysis, and inductive deduction methods combined with field research. Three core issues were included the unclear direction of compensation policy, the unscientific basis for standard compensation pricing, and the incomplete management mechanism and institutional system. In response to the practical difficulties that ecological compensation for conservation tillage faces in black soil areas, three paths for optimizing the policy mechanism were proposed: first, the empowerment and systematization were strengthened to activate the subjectivity path of conservation tillage, and the supporting policies were established from two levels: improving empowerment positioning and cultivating new business entities. Second, a collaborative, quantitative, and standardized compensation evaluation method was constructed for environmental-economic attributes, external effects and subjective effects generated by technology were used as the theoretical basis for pricing compensation standards, and then an evaluation method system was established with integrated multiple methods, including alternative market technology, hypothetical market technology, and econometric statistical analysis. Third, a high-quality digital management and differentiated ecological compensation system was prepared for building an open and shared big data management platform, creating an ecological market picture of multi-agent collaboration and mutual benefit, and establishing multi-agent conservation tillage collaboration and a differentiated ecological compensation mechanism. In order to adapt to the new requirements for technical innovation and organizational changes in conservation tillage, a scientific evaluation system was established for the application of green technologies in conservation tillage agriculture, and optimizing the vertical management and vertical compensation mechanism, guiding enterprises and social capital to participate in market regulation, and building an ecological management system barrier for the protection and improvement of cultivated land quality in black soil areas, which provided references for optimizing the ecological compensation policy.

Key words: conservation tillage, ecological compensation mechanism, compensation standards, external effects, straw return, black soil region, Northeast China