东北黑土区长缓坡耕地横坡垄作与地形对土壤可蚀性的交互作用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.23.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】东北黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀日益加重，研究横坡垄作与地形对土壤可蚀性K值的交互作用，为东北黑土区坡耕地水土流失的精准防控提供科学依据。【方法】选取黑龙江省北安市红星农场内典型坡耕地为研究对象，在横坡垄作方向与顺坡水线方向共布设25个采样点，并计算相应样点的土壤可蚀性K值，采用单因素方差分析（One-way ANOVA）检验土壤可蚀性K值的差异性，并使用地理探测器模型探讨土壤可蚀性K值的影响因子及其交互作用。【结果】横坡垄作方向，土壤可蚀性K值在垄台呈现从坡顶到坡足逐渐减小的变化趋势，坡足比坡顶减小幅度为6.2%；在垄沟呈现从坡肩到坡足逐渐减小的变化趋势，坡足比坡肩减小幅度为5.8%。顺坡水线方向，由于垄台对地表径流的阻挡作用，垄台和垄沟土壤可蚀性K值沿着坡面并没有明显的变化趋势。地理探测器分析表明，横坡垄作对土壤可蚀性K值的影响最大，其垄台和垄沟的解释率分别达51%和18%以上；横坡垄作与其他因子的交互作用增强了对土壤可蚀性K值的解释能力，特别是横坡垄作与地形的交互作用尤为明显。【结论】黑土区坡耕地土壤可蚀性K值具有明显的空间变异性，横坡垄作与地形对土壤可蚀性的影响存在明显的交互作用，横坡垄作可以显著拦蓄径流，减少土壤侵蚀，但因黑土区坡耕地横坡垄作的坡缓而长，在坡足处易于汇集径流，依然有“断垄”潜在风险。

关键词: 土壤可蚀性, 横坡垄作, 顺坡水线, 地形, 交互作用, 黑土区坡耕地

Abstract:

【Objective】The soil erosion of slope farmland in Chinese black soil region is becoming more and more serious. This study mainly focused on the interaction between transverse ridge tillage and topography on soil erodibility, which could provide a scientific theoretical basis for precise prevention of soil erosion of slope farmland in black soil region. 【Method】A typical slope farmland in the Hongxing farm in Beian city of Heilongjiang Province was selected as research object. A total of 25 sampling points were designed along both the transverse ridge tillage direction and longitudinal waterline direction. The soil erodibility K values of the corresponding sample points were calculated and tested by One-way ANOVA method. The influence factors of soil erodibility K value were analyzed by using the geographic detector model. 【Result】In the transverse ridge tillage direction, the ridge soil erodibility decreased gradually from the top to the foot of slope, and the K value decreased by 6.2%. The furrow soil erodibility decreased gradually from the shoulder to the foot of slope, and the K value decreased by 5.8%. In the waterline direction, due to the blocking effect of ridge terrace on surface runoff, soil erodibility K value of ridge and furrow did not change significantly along the slope. Geodetector analysis showed that the influence of the transverse ridge tillage on soil erodibility K value was the greatest, and its interpretation rate was more than 51% and 18% in the ridge and furrow, respectively. The transverse ridge tillage and other factors had a significant interaction enhancement effect on K value, particularly the interaction between the transverse ridge tillage and topography. 【Conclusion】 The soil erodibility K value of slope farmland in the black soil region had obvious spatial variability. There was significant interaction between the transverse ridge tillage and topography on soil erodibility. The transverse ridge tillage could significantly intercept runoff and reduce soil erosion. Due to the long slope in the transverse ridge tillage, it was easy to collect runoff at the foot of the slope, and increase the potential risk of ridge failure.

Key words: soil erodibility, transverse ridge tillage, longitudinal waterline, topography, interaction, slope farmland of black soil region

于博威, 张晴雯, 郝卓, 石玉龙, 李雪亮, 李孟妮, 荆雪锴. 东北黑土区长缓坡耕地横坡垄作与地形对土壤可蚀性的交互作用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(23): 4706-4716.

YU BoWei, ZHANG QingWen, HAO Zhuo, SHI YuLong, LI XueLiang, LI MengNi, JING XueKai. Interaction Between Transverse Ridge Tillage and Topography on Soil Erodibility Along the Long Gentle Slope in a Typical Black Soil Region of Northeast China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(23): 4706-4716.

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交互作用类型 Interaction	判断准则 Judgement criteria
双因子增强 Double-factor enhancement	q(x₁∩x₂)>Max(q(x₁), q(x₂))
非线性增强 Nonlinear enhancement	q(x₁∩x₂)>q(x₁) + q(x₂)
单因子非线性减弱 Single-factor nonlinear weakening	Min[q(x₁), q(x₂)]>q(x₁∩x₂)>Max[q(x₁), q(x₂)]
非线性减弱 Nonlinear weakening	q(x₁∩x₂)>Min[q(x₁), q(x₂)]
独立 Independent	q(x₁∩x₂)=q(x₁) + q(x₂)

影响因子 Influencing factor	级别 Level	级别说明 Level description
横坡垄作 Transverse ridge tillage	1-5	1.坡顶 2.坡肩 3.坡背 4.坡脚 5.坡足 1. Top 2. Shoulder 3. Back 4. Foot 5. Toe
顺坡水线 Longitudinal waterline	1-5	1.上坡 2.中上坡 3.中坡 4.中下坡 5.下坡 1. Upper 2. Mid-upper 3. Middle 4. Mid-lower 5. Lower
土壤容重 Soil density	1-4	通过ArcGIS 10.2的自然间断点方法提取 Extracted by natural breaks method in ArcGIS 10.2
土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon	1-4	通过ArcGIS 10.2的自然间断点方法提取 Extracted by natural breaks method in ArcGIS 10.2
高程 Elevation	1-4	通过ArcGIS 10.2的自然间断点方法提取 Extracted by natural breaks method in ArcGIS 10.2
坡度 Slope	1-4	通过ArcGIS 10.2的自然间断点方法提取 Extracted by natural breaks method in ArcGIS 10.2

影响因子 Influencing factor	横坡垄作 Transverse ridge tillage	顺坡水线 Longitudinal waterline	土壤容重 Soil density	土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon	高程 Elevation	坡度 Slope
横坡垄作 Transverse ridge tillage	0.511
顺坡水线 Longitudinal waterline	1.000*	0.040
土壤容重 Soil density	0.761*	0.468*	0.081
土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon	0.774*	0.270*	0.467*	0.070
高程 Elevation	0.898*	0.321*	0.590*	0.241^#	0.148
坡度 Slope	0.712*	0.460*	0.439*	0.555*	0.574*	0.169

影响因子 Influencing factor	横坡垄作 Transverse ridge tillage	顺坡水线 Longitudinal waterline	土壤容重 Soil density	土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon	高程 Elevation	坡度 Slope
横坡垄作 Transverse ridge tillage	0.185
顺坡水线 Longitudinal waterline	1.000*	0.084
土壤容重 Soil density	0.758*	0.485*	0.103
土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon	0.740*	0.281*	0.373*	0.059
高程 Elevation	0.901*	0.123^#	0.396*	0.267*	0.079
坡度 Slope	0.500*	0.453*	0.434*	0.463*	0.414*	0.067