不同磷肥对砂姜黑土和红壤磷库转化及冬小麦磷素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.06.008

中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6): 1113-1126.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.06.008

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

不同磷肥对砂姜黑土和红壤磷库转化及冬小麦磷素吸收利用的影响

王箫璇¹^,²(), 张敏¹^,², 张鑫尧¹^,², 魏鹏¹^,², 柴如山¹^,², 张朝春²^,³, 张亮亮¹^,², 罗来超¹^,²(), 郜红建¹^,²

¹ 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院/农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室/长江经济带磷资源高效利用与水环境保护研究中心，合肥 230036
² 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院/安徽省绿色磷肥制造与高效利用工程研究中心，合肥 230036
³ 中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京100193

收稿日期:2022-02-11 接受日期:2022-03-29 出版日期:2023-03-16 发布日期:2023-03-23
联系方式: 王箫璇，E-mail：873680625@qq.com。
基金资助:
安徽省科技重大专项(202103a06020012); 国家自然科学基金(41877099)

Effects of Different Varieties of Phosphate Fertilizer Application on Soil Phosphorus Transformation and Phosphorus Uptake and Utilization of Winter Wheat

WANG XiaoXuan¹^,²(), ZHANG Min¹^,², ZHANG XinYao¹^,², WEI Peng¹^,², CHAI RuShan¹^,², ZHANG ChaoChun²^,³, ZHANG LiangLiang¹^,², LUO LaiChao¹^,²(), GAO HongJian¹^,²

¹ College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University/Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention/Research Center of Phosphorous Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Zone, Hefei 230036
² College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University/Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Hefei 230036
³ College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193

Received:2022-02-11 Accepted:2022-03-29 Published:2023-03-16 Online:2023-03-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究不同磷肥对土壤磷素形态转化及小麦磷素吸收利用效率的影响，为土壤-磷肥-作物体系磷肥精准匹配及高效利用提供理论依据。【方法】在砂姜黑土和红壤上设置不施磷（CK）、施用过磷酸钙（SSP）、钙镁磷肥（FMP）、磷酸二铵（DAP）、重过磷酸钙（TSP）和聚磷酸铵（APP）6个处理，研究小麦拔节期和开花期根际与非根际土壤中磷库转化特征及其与植株体内磷素累积利用的关系。【结果】砂姜黑土施用磷肥后土壤有效磷含量提高194%—662%，不同磷肥处理小麦根际土壤中有效磷含量为APP>TSP>DAP>FMP>SSP>CK处理。施用磷肥显著提升了小麦拔节期和开花期砂姜黑土中H₂O-P和NaHCO₃-Pi含量，降低Residual-P含量，其中H₂O-P和NaHCO₃-Pi含量与土壤有效磷含量呈显著正相关，TSP和APP处理在小麦拔节期对NaHCO₃-Pi含量提升幅度最大，分别较不施磷提升了41.0和36.0 mg·kg^-1。红壤施用磷肥后根际土壤有效磷含量提高84%—791%，其中DAP和TSP处理的土壤有效磷含量显著高于其他磷肥处理，红壤中根际土壤NaHCO₃-Pi和NaOH-Pi含量与土壤有效磷含量呈显著正相关，施用磷肥后红壤中NaHCO₃-Pi和NaOH-Pi含量分别提高275.2%—848.3%和26.9%—58.3%，其中DAP和TSP处理提升效果最为显著。砂姜黑土和红壤上小麦植株磷素累积量与土壤有效磷含量在小麦拔节期均呈现显著正相关关系，砂姜黑土和红壤小麦植株磷素累积量与土壤有效磷含量在小麦拔节期均呈现显著正相关关系，根际土壤有效磷含量每提高1 mg·kg^-1，小麦植株磷素累积量分别提高0.87和0.37 mg/pot。砂姜黑土施用不同磷肥均可显著提高植株磷素累积量，较不施磷提高15.4%—50.9%，其中APP和TSP处理使小麦植株磷素累积量及磷素利用效率较其他磷肥处理显著提高。红壤中施用不同磷肥使磷素累积量和产量分别较不施磷提高123.7%—643.9%和75.5%—337.2%，其中TSP处理的小麦产量、植株磷素累积量和磷素吸收效率较其他磷肥处理均显著提高。【结论】砂姜黑土施用重过磷酸钙和聚磷酸铵显著提高土壤H₂O-P和NaHCO₃-Pi含量，红壤施用重过磷酸钙和磷酸二铵可显著提高土壤NaHCO₃-Pi和NaOH-Pi含量。因此，从提高磷肥利用效率角度考虑，两种土壤均适合施用重过磷酸钙，种植小麦时，砂姜黑土还可推荐施用聚磷酸铵，红壤可选用磷酸二铵。

关键词: 砂姜黑土, 红壤, 磷肥品种, 土壤磷库转化特征, 磷肥利用效率, 冬小麦

Abstract:

【Objective】 Effects of different phosphorus (P) fertilizers application on soil P transformation as well as P uptake and utilization in wheat were investigated, so as to provide a theoretical basis for precise matching and efficient utilization of P fertilizer in soil - P fertilizer - crop system. 【Method】 The pot experiment was conducted in lime concretion black soil and red soil including six treatments: no P fertilizer (CK); application of calcium superphosphate (SSP), calcium magnesium phosphate (FMP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium superphosphate (TSP) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The relationship between the P transformation in rhizosphere as well as non-rhizosphere soils with P accumulation in wheat at the jointing and anthesis stages was analyzed. 【Result】 Soil Olsen-P concentration increased by 194%-662% after application of P fertilizer in lime concretion black soil. Soil Olsen-P concentration in wheat rhizosphere soil followed the order: APP, TSP, DAP, FMP, SSP, and CK. The H₂O-P and NaHCO₃-Pi concentration was significantly increased, whereas the Residual-P concentration was significantly reduced after phosphate fertilizer application. Both H₂O-P and NaHCO₃-Pi concentration was positively correlated with soil Olsen-P. At the jointing stage, in comparison to that of the control, TSP and APP application increased NaHCO₃-Pi concentration by 41.0 and 36.0 mg·kg^-1, respectively. For the red soil, soil Olsen-P concentration in rhizosphere soil increased by 84%-791% as P fertilizer was applied. And soil Olsen-P concentration under DAP and TSP treatments was significantly higher than that under other P fertilizer treatments. The NaHCO₃-Pi and NaOH-Pi concentration increased by 275.2%-848.3% and 26.9%-58.3%, respectively, which was positively correlated with rhizosphere soil Olsen-P concentration. After P fertilizer application, the most significant effects were found under DAP and TSP treatments. At the jointing stage, there was a significant positive correlation between shoot P accumulation and soil Olsen-P concentration in lime concretion black soil and red soil. When soil Olsen-P concentration increased by 1 mg·kg^-1, shoot P accumulation increased by 0.87 and 0.37 mg/pot respectively in lime concretion black soil and red soil. In lime concretion black soil, shoot P accumulation significantly increased by 15.44%-50.9% compared with the control as different P fertilizers addition, and the APP and TSP significantly increased shoot P accumulation and utilization efficiency in shoot than other P fertilizers. After P fertilizer application in red soil, shoot P accumulation and grain yield of wheat increased by 123.7%-643.9% and 75.5%-337.2%, respectively. The grain yield, shoot P accumulation and P utilization efficiency under TSP treatments were significantly higher than that under other P fertilizer treatments. 【Conclusion】 In lime concretion black soil, the concentration of H₂O-P and NaHCO₃-Pi was significantly increased after application of APP and TSP. In red soil, the NaHCO₃-Pi and NaOH-Pi concentration was significantly increased after the application of DAP and TSP. Therefore, in order to increase wheat P efficiency, APP or DAP was recommended as a proper fertilizer in lime concretion black soil, while DAP or TSP was recommended as a proper P fertilizer in red soil.

Key words: lime concretion black soil, red soil, different phosphate fertilizer varieties, soil P pool transformation characteristics, phosphorus utilization efficiency, winter wheat

王箫璇, 张敏, 张鑫尧, 魏鹏, 柴如山, 张朝春, 张亮亮, 罗来超, 郜红建. 不同磷肥对砂姜黑土和红壤磷库转化及冬小麦磷素吸收利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(6): 1113-1126.

WANG XiaoXuan, ZHANG Min, ZHANG XinYao, WEI Peng, CHAI RuShan, ZHANG ChaoChun, ZHANG LiangLiang, LUO LaiChao, GAO HongJian. Effects of Different Varieties of Phosphate Fertilizer Application on Soil Phosphorus Transformation and Phosphorus Uptake and Utilization of Winter Wheat[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(6): 1113-1126.

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土壤类型 Soil types	有机质 OM (g·kg^-1)	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 AN (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Olsen-P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 AK (mg·kg^-1)	pH
砂姜黑土 Lime concretion black soils	25.43	1.41	74.46	5.57	140.67	7.83
红壤 Red soils	4.58	0.47	25.20	1.10	78.33	5.88

土壤类型 Soil types	处理 Treatments	拔节期 Jointing		开花期 Anthesis		成熟期 Maturity
土壤类型 Soil types	处理 Treatments	根际 Rhizosphere	非根际 Non-rhizosphere	根际 Rhizosphere	非根际 Non-rhizosphere	成熟期 Maturity
砂姜黑土 Lime concretion black soil	CK	4.23±0.79e	4.38±0.34b	4.43±0.18d	4.39±0.66c	4.91±0.46d
	SSP	13.04±1.21d	12.78±2.09b	16.73±1.29bc	15.56±1.02b	14.44±0.54c
	TSP	22.58±1.54b	13.26±1.98ab	18.15±2.28b	14.99±1.82b	18.74±1.54b
	FMP	13.01±1.45d	15.18±2.01ab	14.24±0.92c	15.48±1.96b	15.78±0.78c
	DAP	16.42±0.60c	12.66±0.47b	18.87±2.79ab	14.09±1.91b	18.27±0.52b
	APP	32.24±1.16a	15.92±0.54a	22.16±2.32a	19.55±2.67a	21.81±2.37a
红壤 Red soil	CK	3.85±1.12d	1.49±0.49c	2.18±0.60c	3.82±0.62bc	3.25±0.13c
	SSP	9.55±1.47c	3.93±0.37b	7.75±0.74b	4.94±0.66a	7.45±0.47a
	TSP	12.39±0.61b	3.13±0.78b	19.22±3.11a	3.02±0.47c	7.09±0.94ab
	FMP	7.99±0.56c	3.14±0.77b	6.2±1.13b	4.83±0.75ab	6.42±1.20ab
	DAP	16.24±0.26a	5.73±0.67a	19.42±1.48a	5.54±0.62a	5.99±0.71b
	APP	13.77±1.17b	6.83±0.65a	8.06±1.46b	5.82±0.17a	6.82±0.08ab
变异来源 Sources of variation	土壤Soil	**	**	**	**	**
	磷肥品种P	**	**	**	**	**
	土壤×磷肥品种 Soil×P	**	ns	**	**	**

土壤类型 Soil types	磷形态 P fractions	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient
土壤类型 Soil types	磷形态 P fractions	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	H₂O-P	NaHCO₃-Pi	NaHCO₃-Po	NaOH-Pi	NaOH-Po	HCl-P	Residual-P
砂姜黑土 Lime concretion black soils	H₂O-P	0.66**	0.52**	—	0.55	0	-0.19	0	-0.12	-0.09
	NaHCO₃-Pi	0.65**	0.98**	0.29	—	0	-0.54	-0.12	-0.1	0.03
	NaHCO₃-Po	0.29	-0.02	0.1	0.17	—	0.16	0.01	0.02	-0.16
	NaOH-Pi	0.26	-0.69**	0.14	0.77	0.01	—	-0.03	-0.05	0.12
	NaOH-Po	-0.13	-0.12	0.02	0.16	0	-0.21	—	-0.01	0.04
	HCl-P	0.33*	-0.24*	0.27	0.37	0	-0.15	-0.01	—	0.08
	Residual-P	0	0.14	-0.14	0.1	0.01	-0.24	-0.01	-0.06	0.01
红壤 Red soils	H₂O-P	0.27	0.2	—	0.36	-0.1	-0.11	-0.05	-0.05	0.01
	NaHCO₃-Pi	0.85**	0.89**	0.08	—	-0.02	-0.18	0.09	-0.03	0.01
	NaHCO₃-P_O	0.24	0.2	-0.11	-0.08	—	0	0.19	0.06	-0.01
	NaOH-Pi	0.77**	-0.21	0.10	0.75	0	—	0.15	-0.03	0.01
	NaOH-P_O	0.58**	0.30*	-0.03	0.26	0.12	-0.1	—	0.03	-0.01
	HCl-P	-0.01	-0.09	0.11	0.26	-0.13	-0.06	-0.11	—	0.01
	Residual-P	0.16	0.02	0.07	0.3	-0.08	-0.05	-0.07	-0.03	—

土壤类型 Soil types	处理 Treatments	植株磷素累积量 Plant P accumulation (mg/pot)	产量 Grain yield (g/pot)	磷肥利用效率 PUE (%)	磷肥偏生产力 PFPP (kg·kg^-1)
砂姜黑土 Lime concretion black soil	CK	33.66±1.31 d	11.13±0.20 a	-	-
	SSP	38.86±1.46 c	11.09±1.31 a	2.67±0.75 c	17.93±0.48 c
	TSP	47.19±1.23 b	11.39±0.64 a	6.96±0.63 b	22.04±1.08 ab
	FMP	40.01±0.84 c	12.75±1.07 a	3.26±0.43 c	24.78±1.80 a
	DAP	39.82±0.93 c	10.36±0.88 a	3.17±0.48 c	19.99±1.73 bc
	APP	50.79±1.45 a	9.86±0.36 a	8.81±0.75 a	18.94±0.82 bc
红壤 Red soil	CK	1.73±0.07 d	0.94±0.04 d	-	-
	SSP	3.87±0.21 c	1.65±0.13 cd	1.01±0.11 c	3.35±0.13 c
	TSP	12.87±0.51 a	4.11±0.33 a	5.73±0.26 a	6.56±0.13 a
	FMP	7.49±0.78 b	1.78±0.16 c	2.97±0.40 b	3.27±0.15 c
	DAP	8.12±0.75 b	3.73±0.15 a	3.29±0.39 b	5.33±0.59 b
	APP	7.22±0.17 b	2.67±0.07 b	2.83±0.09 b	4.77±0.04 b

不同磷肥对砂姜黑土和红壤磷库转化及冬小麦磷素吸收利用的影响

Effects of Different Varieties of Phosphate Fertilizer Application on Soil Phosphorus Transformation and Phosphorus Uptake and Utilization of Winter Wheat

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