不同熟期品种间作对春玉米籽粒灌浆、脱水特性及产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.12.003

中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (12): 2294-2310.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.12.003

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

不同熟期品种间作对春玉米籽粒灌浆、脱水特性及产量的影响

肖珊珊¹(),张翼飞^1,²(),杨克军^1,³(),明立伟¹,杜嘉瑞¹,徐荣琼¹,孙逸珊¹,李伟庆¹,李桂彬¹,李泽松¹,李佳宇¹

¹黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室,黑龙江大庆 163319
²农业农村部东北平原农业绿色低碳重点实验室,黑龙江大庆 163319
³北大荒现代农业产业技术省级培育协同创新中心,黑龙江大庆 163319

收稿日期:2021-10-03 接受日期:2021-12-13 出版日期:2022-06-16 发布日期:2022-06-23
通讯作者: 张翼飞,杨克军
作者简介:肖珊珊,E-mail： byndxss@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300302-04);黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划(GA20B102);黑龙江省普通高等学校青年创新人才培养计划(UNPYSCT-2020037);黑龙江省农垦总局科技计划(HNK135-02-03);高校学成引进人才计划科研启动计划(XYB2014-03);黑龙江八一农垦大学研究生创新科研项目(YJSCX2021-Y46);黑龙江八一农垦大学三横三纵项目(2019-KYYWF-0546);黑龙江八一农垦大学三横三纵项目(TDJH201902)

Effects of Intercropping with Different Maturity Varieties on Grain Filling, Dehydration Characteristics and Yield of Spring Maize

XIAO ShanShan¹(),ZHANG YiFei^1,²(),YANG KeJun^1,³(),MING LiWei¹,DU JiaRui¹,XU RongQiong¹,SUN YiShan¹,LI WeiQing¹,LI GuiBin¹,LI ZeSong¹,LI JiaYu¹

¹College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang
²Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang
³Heilongjiang Province Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang

Received:2021-10-03 Accepted:2021-12-13 Online:2022-06-16 Published:2022-06-23
Contact: YiFei ZHANG,KeJun YANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】针对我国高纬度寒冷地区玉米收获期籽粒含水率普遍偏高,制约机械粒收技术高效推广应用的关键问题,本研究在大田条件下,将不同熟期玉米品种按一定比例间作,以期明确不同熟期品种间作对春玉米籽粒灌浆、脱水特性及产量的调控效应。【方法】以生育期长短不同的品种郑单958（ZD958）、先玉335（XY335）和益农玉10（YNY10）为试验材料,采用两因素随机区组设计,设置生育期长的品种与生育期短的品种间作,即ZD958与YNY10间作（Z‖Y）、XY335与YNY10间作（X‖Y）2个水平;设置6种间作幅宽（行数）比例,即6﹕6、4﹕4、2﹕2、1﹕1、0﹕1、1﹕0,比较分析了不同处理组合条件下玉米籽粒灌浆、脱水特性及产量的变化规律。【结果】随间作比例的减小,生育期长的品种生理成熟和收获期的籽粒含水率降低,生理成熟前、生理成熟后的籽粒平均脱水速率及总脱水速率呈加快趋势,平均灌浆速率（G_mean）、籽粒最大灌浆速率（G_max）、灌浆速率达到最大值的粒重（W_max）逐渐增加,灌浆速率达到最大时需要的天数（T_max）、籽粒活跃灌浆期（D）逐渐缩短,产量和百粒重增加明显（P<0.05）;生育期短的品种则表现为生理成熟和收获期籽粒含水率增加,脱水速率下降,G_mean、G_max、W_max不断减小,T_max、D略有延长,产量和百粒重有下降趋势但变化未达显著水平。同时,间作复合群体收获期籽粒平均含水率较晚熟品种单作显著降低,其中Z‖Y-（6﹕6—1﹕1）收获期籽粒平均含水率较ZD958单作2年平均显著降低了6.44%—7.29%;X‖Y-（6﹕6—1﹕1）收获期籽粒平均含水率较XY335单作显著降低了4.30%—4.75%。从间作复合群体的籽粒平均产量来看,随间作比例的下降籽粒平均产量有增加趋势,且与生育期短的品种YNY10单作相比,Z‖Y-（6﹕6—1﹕1）、X‖Y-（6﹕6—1﹕1）的籽粒平均产量都有所增加,2年增幅比例分别达5.12%—6.49%和1.87%—2.96%,且以Z‖Y处理的增幅明显;而Z‖Y和X‖Y处理的籽粒平均产量与生育期长的品种单作无显著差异。【结论】密植栽培条件下,不同熟期玉米品种间作显著促进了生育期长的品种籽粒最大灌浆速率和粒重提高,籽粒活跃灌浆期缩短,以及籽粒总脱水速率加快,有效降低了收获时田间复合群体平均籽粒含水率,实现了玉米籽粒高产稳产与高效脱水协同发展。

关键词: 玉米, 不同熟期品种, 间作, 籽粒灌浆, 脱水特性, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】In view of the high grain moisture content during the maize harvest period in high latitude and cold areas of China, it restricts the efficient promotion and application of mechanical grain harvesting technology. In this study, the maize varieties with different maturities were intercropped according to a certain proportion under field conditions, in order to clarify the regulating effects of intercropping at different maturity on grain filling, dehydration characteristics and yield of spring maize.【Method】Maize varieties of Zhengdan 958 (ZD958), Xianyu 335 (XY335) and Yinongyu 10 (YNY10) with different maturities were used as experimental materials, two-factor randomized block design was applied to set up the intercropping between varieties with longer growth period (LGPV) and varieties with shorter growth period (SGPV), that is, ZD958 and YNY10 intercropping (Z‖Y), and XY335 and YNY10 intercropping (X‖Y). Based on the above main treatment, six kinds of intercropping width (line number) ratios, namely 6﹕6, 4﹕4, 2﹕2, 1﹕1, 0﹕1 and 1﹕0, were designed to compare and analyze the changes of maize grain filling, dehydration characteristics and yield under different treatment combinations.【Result】For LGPV, with the decrease of the intercropping ratio, the moisture content of grains in the physiological maturity and harvest phases decreased. The average dehydration rate and total dehydration rate of grains before and after physiological maturity showed a trend of acceleration, and the average filling rate (G_mean), the maximum grain filling rate (G_max), and the grain weight at which the filling rate reached the maximum (W_max) gradually increased; The number of days required for the maximum filling rate (T_max) and the active grain-filling period (D) gradually shortened, and grain yield and 100-kernel weight increased significantly (P<0.05). In response to the decline of intercropping ratios, it was showed that SGPV increased in grain moisture content and decreased in dehydration rate during the physiological maturity period and harvest period, while G_mean, G_max, and W_max continued to decreased, and T_max and D were slightly extended. Although yield and 100-kernel weight showed a downward trend for SGPV, but the variation did not reach a significant level. At the same time, the average grain moisture content of the intercropping compound population at the harvest period was significantly lower than that of the LGPV monocropping. The percentage of grain moisture content decline were 6.44%-7.29% for Z‖Y-(6﹕6-1﹕1) and 4.30%-4.75% for X‖Y-(6﹕6-1﹕1) on 2-year means. In terms of average grain yield to intercropping compound population, the grain yield increased with the decrease of intercropping ratios. Moreover, compared with the SGPV YNY10 monocropping, the average grain yield for Z‖Y-(6﹕6-1﹕1) and X‖Y-(6﹕6-1﹕1) increased by 5.12%-6.49% and 1.87%-2.96% on 2-year means, respectively and the increase was obvious under Z‖Y treatment.While the average grain yield of Z‖Y and X‖Y treatments was not significantly different from that of longer growth period (LGPV) monocropping.【Conclusion】Under dense planting conditions, the intercropping with different maturity maize varieties significantly promoted the increase of maximum grain filling rate and grain weight with shortening of active grain filling period and accelerating total grain dehydration rate of LGPV, effectively reduced the average grain moisture content of field composite population at harvest time, and realized the coordinated development of high and stable yield, and efficient dehydration of maize grains.

Key words: maize, varieties with different maturity, intercropping, grain filling, dehydration characteristics, yield

肖珊珊, 张翼飞, 杨克军, 明立伟, 杜嘉瑞, 徐荣琼, 孙逸珊, 李伟庆, 李桂彬, 李泽松, 李佳宇. 不同熟期品种间作对春玉米籽粒灌浆、脱水特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(12): 2294-2310.

XIAO ShanShan, ZHANG YiFei, YANG KeJun, MING LiWei, DU JiaRui, XU RongQiong, SUN YiShan, LI WeiQing, LI GuiBin, LI ZeSong, LI JiaYu. Effects of Intercropping with Different Maturity Varieties on Grain Filling, Dehydration Characteristics and Yield of Spring Maize[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(12): 2294-2310.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.12.003

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2022/V55/I12/2294

图/表 10

表1

图1

表2

不同间作比例下各熟期玉米品种的生育期和积温"

年份 Year	品种间作 Varieties intercropping	间作比例 Intercropping ratio	出苗 Emergence (M-D)		吐丝 Silking (M-D)		生理成熟 Physiological maturity (M-D)		吐丝-生理成熟天数 Days from silking stage to physiological maturity (d)		生育期 Growing period (d)		吐丝-生理成熟积温 Accumulated temperature from silking to physiological maturity (℃·d)
年份 Year	品种间作 Varieties intercropping	间作比例 Intercropping ratio	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV
2018	Z‖Y	1﹕0	05-19	—	08-01	—	10-01	—	61	—	135	—	1165.3	—
		6﹕6	05-19	05-18	08-01	07-31	09-30	09-20	60	51	134	125	1153.7	1052.1
		4﹕4	05-19	05-19	07-31	07-31	09-29	09-21	60	52	133	125	1148.6	1068.3
		2﹕2	05-19	05-18	08-02	07-31	09-29	09-21	58	52	133	126	1117.8	1068.3
		1﹕1	05-19	05-18	08-02	07-30	09-28	09-21	57	53	132	126	1104.7	1094.1
		0﹕1	—	05-18	—	07-31	—	09-19	—	50	—	124	—	1032.8
	X‖Y	1﹕0	05-19	—	08-01	—	09-28	—	58	—	132	—	1129.7	—
		6﹕6	05-19	05-17	08-01	07-30	09-27	09-19	57	51	131	125	1116.5	1041.7
		4﹕4	05-19	05-17	08-31	07-30	09-25	09-19	56	51	129	125	1108.1	1041.7
		2﹕2	05-19	05-17	07-31	07-30	09-25	09-20	56	52	129	126	1108.1	1077.9
		1﹕1	05-18	05-17	07-31	07-30	09-24	09-20	55	52	129	126	1095.2	1077.9
		0﹕1	—	05-18	—	07-31	—	09-19	—	50	—	124	—	1032.8
2019	Z‖Y	1﹕0	05-21	—	08-04	—	10-06	—	63	—	138	—	1182.0	—
		6﹕6	05-21	05-18	08-04	08-01	10-05	09-22	62	52	137	127	1171.3	1044.4
		4﹕4	05-21	05-19	08-05	08-01	10-05	09-23	61	53	137	127	1145.5	1062.5
		2﹕2	05-21	05-20	08-05	08-01	10-04	09-24	60	54	136	127	1138.4	1082.6
		1﹕1	05-21	05-18	08-05	08-01	10-03	09-24	59	54	135	129	1131.1	1082.6
		0﹕1	—	05-19	—	08-02	—	09-22	—	51	—	126	—	1020.5
	X‖Y	1﹕0	05-20	—	08-03	—	10-01	—	59	—	134	—	1156.1	—
		6﹕6	05-19	05-19	08-02	08-02	09-29	09-23	58	52	133	127	1142.3	1038.6
		4﹕4	05-20	05-19	08-03	08-02	09-29	09-24	57	53	132	128	1117.2	1053.4
		2﹕2	05-20	05-19	08-02	08-02	09-28	09-24	57	53	131	128	1097.3	1053.4
		1﹕1	05-20	05-19	08-02	08-02	09-28	09-25	57	54	131	129	1097.3	1069.2
		0﹕1	—	05-19	—	08-02	—	09-22	—	51	—	126	—	1020.5

表2

表3

不同间作比例下各熟期玉米品种的籽粒含水率和脱水速率"

年份 Year	品种间作 Varieties intercropping	间作比例 Intercropping ratio	生理成熟期含水率 Moisture content in physiological maturity stage (%)		收获期含水率 Moisture content in harvest period (%)		生理成熟前平均脱水速率 Average dehydration rate before physiological maturity [%·(℃·d)^-1]		生理成熟后平均脱水速率 Average dehydration rate after physiological maturity [%·(℃·d)^-1]		总脱水速率 Total dehydration rate [%·(℃·d)^-1]
年份 Year	品种间作 Varieties intercropping	间作比例 Intercropping ratio	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV
2018	Z‖Y	1﹕0	34.89a	—	31.85a	—	0.047e	—	0.015c	—	0.043d	—
		6﹕6	34.44b	27.30b	31.04b	20.02c	0.048d	0.060b	0.016bc	0.022ab	0.044c	0.050a
		4﹕4	33.87c	27.45b	30.15c	20.62b	0.049c	0.059c	0.017ab	0.021b	0.045b	0.050a
		2﹕2	33.11d	27.75ab	29.37d	20.94b	0.051b	0.058c	0.017ab	0.020b	0.046a	0.049a
		1﹕1	31.89e	27.95a	27.82e	21.54a	0.053a	0.057d	0.018a	0.020b	0.046a	0.048b
		0﹕1	—	27.26b	—	19.96c	—	0.061a	—	0.023a	—	0.051a
	X‖Y	1﹕0	31.89a	—	27.42a	—	0.051d	—	0.018a	—	0.046b	—
		6﹕6	31.42a	27.35a	26.77ab	20.08d	0.052c	0.060b	0.019a	0.023a	0.046ab	0.050a
		4﹕4	30.83b	27.40a	26.03b	20.48c	0.053b	0.060b	0.020a	0.022a	0.046ab	0.050a
		2﹕2	30.45bc	27.64a	25.14c	20.85b	0.054b	0.058c	0.021a	0.020b	0.047a	0.049b
		1﹕1	30.06c	27.79a	24.36c	21.25a	0.055a	0.058d	0.021a	0.020b	0.047a	0.049b
		0﹕1	—	27.26a	—	19.96d	—	0.061a	—	0.023a	—	0.051a
2019	Z‖Y	1﹕0	35.11a	—	32.85a	—	0.046d	—	0.014b	—	0.043d	—
		6﹕6	35.03a	28.02a	32.26b	20.34d	0.047d	0.059b	0.015b	0.022ab	0.044c	0.050a
		4﹕4	34.38b	28.16a	31.65c	20.65c	0.049c	0.058c	0.016ab	0.022ab	0.045b	0.049b
		2﹕2	33.51c	28.46a	30.67d	21.06b	0.050b	0.057d	0.016ab	0.021ab	0.046a	0.049b
		1﹕1	32.77d	28.68a	29.14e	21.75a	0.051a	0.057d	0.018a	0.020b	0.046a	0.047c
		0﹕1	—	27.88a	—	20.17d	—	0.061a	—	0.023a	—	0.051a
	X‖Y	1﹕0	32.02a	—	28.33a	—	0.050d	—	0.018c	—	0.047c	—
		6﹕6	31.55b	28.00a	27.13b	20.35c	0.051c	0.060b	0.019bc	0.022ab	0.047c	0.050a
		4﹕4	31.22c	28.08a	27.01b	20.73b	0.053b	0.059bc	0.020b	0.022ab	0.048b	0.050a
		2﹕2	30.83d	28.24a	26.03c	21.48a	0.054a	0.058c	0.021a	0.020b	0.049a	0.049b
		1﹕1	30.33e	28.59a	25.21d	21.67a	0.054a	0.057d	0.022a	0.020b	0.049a	0.048c
		0﹕1	—	27.88a	—	20.17c	—	0.061a	—	0.023a	—	0.051a
显著性 Significance (F-value)
年份 Year(Y)			40.88**	44.46**	253.73**	40.02**	150.26**	11.05**	0.54	0.05	106.4**	13.21**
品种 Variety (V)			2150.96**	0.48	4478.08**	0.01	2252.44**	30.67**	1128.26**	0.28	1411.97**	6.33*
间作比例 Intercropping ratio (IR)			167.60**	5.92**	346.08**	173.39**	406.85**	128.83**	12.28**	14.85**	184.78**	95.47*
Y×V			4.51*	0.02	13.05**	4.33*	2.47	1.23	1.06	1.65	138.97**	3.83
Y×IR			1.15	0.06	1.37	0.97	9.24**	0.49	0.30	0.61	9.03**	8.13**
V×IR			10.76**	0.11	6.83**	1.77	12.69**	2.30*	0.30	0.32	19.20**	3.60*
Y×V×IR			0.89	0.02	0.90	1.38	12.60**	4.17**	0.36	0.47	3.60*	0.70

表3

图2

图3

表4

表5

不同间作比例下各熟期玉米品种的灌浆特性参数"

年份 Year	品种间作 Varieties intercropping	间作比例 Intercropping ratio	a		b		c		G_mean(g·d^-1)		T_max(d)		W_max(g)		G_max(g·d^-1)		D (d)
年份 Year	品种间作 Varieties intercropping	间作比例 Intercropping ratio	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV
2018	Z‖Y	1﹕0	34.87	—	23.19	—	0.10	—	0.58	—	31.68	C	17.44	—	0.87	—	60.46	—
		6﹕6	35.03	32.03	23.46	25.45	0.10	0.14	0.59	0.74	31.30	23.46	17.52	16.02	0.88	1.10	59.51	43.48
		4﹕4	35.72	31.84	22.08	26.78	0.10	0.14	0.60	0.73	30.56	24.03	17.86	15.92	0.90	1.09	59.26	43.86
		2﹕2	36.09	31.53	22.06	26.82	0.10	0.14	0.62	0.71	30.17	24.24	18.05	15.77	0.93	1.07	58.51	44.22
		1﹕1	36.75	31.05	21.84	26.56	010	0.14	0.63	0.70	29.95	24.28	18.38	15.53	0.95	1.05	58.28	44.43
		0﹕1	—	32.45	—	25.56	—	0.14	—	0.75	—	23.35	—	16.23		1.13	—	43.23
	X‖Y	1﹕0	33.50	—	30.56	—	0.11	—	0.64	—	29.85	—	16.75		0.96	—	52.37	—
		6﹕6	33.79	32.16	29.87	26.16	0.12	0.14	0.65	0.74	29.44	23.64	16.90	16.08	0.97	1.11	52.01	43.46
		4﹕4	34.11	32.04	29.15	26.54	0.12	0.14	0.66	0.74	29.15	23.78	17.06	16.02	0.99	1.10	51.87	43.52
		2﹕2	34.36	31.94	29.16	26.73	0.12	0.14	0.67	0.73	28.96	23.95	17.18	15.97	1.00	1.10	51.52	43.73
		1﹕1	35.05	31.68	29.27	27.02	0.12	0.14	0.69	0.72	28.77	24.05	17.53	15.84	1.03	1.09	51.13	43.76
		0﹕1	—	32.45	—	25.56	—	0.14	—	0.75	—	23.35	—	16.23		1.13	—	43.23
2019	Z‖Y	1﹕0	34.58	—	20.19	—	0.10	—	0.57	—	30.59	—	17.29	—	0.85	—	61.08	—
		6﹕6	34.82	31.12	20.48	23.56	0.10	0.14	0.58	0.71	30.43	22.92	17.41	15.56	0.86	1.07	60.46	43.53
		4﹕4	35.12	30.95	19.86	24.28	0.10	0.14	0.59	0.70	29.89	23.34	17.56	15.48	0.88	1.06	60.00	43.91
		2﹕2	35.26	30.73	19.75	25.77	0.10	0.14	0.60	0.70	29.27	23.79	17.63	15.37	0.90	1.05	58.87	43.93
		1﹕1	36.14	30.32	20.26	26.83	0.10	0.14	0.62	0.69	29.23	24.26	18.07	15.16	0.93	1.03	58.30	44.25
		0﹕1	—	31.48	—	22.56	—	0.14	—	0.73	—	22.44	—	15.74	—	1.09	—	43.21
	X‖Y	1﹕0	33.25	—	28.73	—	0.11	—	0.63	—	29.71	—	16.63	—	0.94	—	53.08	—
		6﹕6	33.56	31.06	28.96	23.58	0.11	0.14	0.64	0.72	29.52	22.82	16.78	15.53	0.96	1.08	52.62	43.32
		4﹕4	33.78	31.00	29.02	25.64	0.12	0.14	0.65	0.71	29.28	23.76	16.89	15.50	0.97	1.06	52.16	43.94
		2﹕2	34.05	30.95	29.34	26.03	0.12	0.14	0.66	0.70	29.12	23.91	17.03	15.48	0.99	1.05	51.71	44.02
		1﹕1	34.27	30.76	29.55	26.16	0.12	0.14	0.67	0.70	28.74	24.01	17.14	15.38	1.01	1.05	50.92	44.13
		0﹕1	—	31.48	—	22.56	—	0.14	—	0.73	—	22.44	—	15.74	0.87	1.09	—	43.21

表5

表6

不同间作比例下各熟期玉米品种的产量和产量构成因素"

年份 Year	品种间作 Varieties intercropping	间作比例 Intercropping ratio	有效穗数 Effective panicle number (ears/hm²)		穗粒数 Grains per ear (spike/hm²)		百粒重 grain weigh (g)		产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
年份 Year	品种间作 Varieties intercropping	间作比例 Intercropping ratio	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV
2018	Z‖Y	1:0	64816.02±1118.04a	—	560.82±5.78a	—	34.08±0.56b	—	12386.09±309.75c	—
		6:6	65203.85±974.09a	65330.13±613.33a	566.53±11.59a	583.02±4.09a	34.37±0.16b	30.00±0.30a	12695.35±330.92bc	11428.17±219.86a
		4:4	65330.77±1241.53a	65257.63±614.47a	569.29±13.83a	581.30±8.25a	35.02±0.36a	29.85±0.54a	13023.93±312.55ab	11321.35±66.80a
		2:2	65699.10±417.30a	65172.50±116.36a	571.51±7.40a	580.27±3.59a	35.13±0.44a	29.63±0.28a	13191.45±219.85a	11205.94±68.48a
		1:1	66004.23±1015.49a	65102.87±876.64a	573.79±5.21a	580.02±4.00a	35.27±0.16a	29.56±0.55a	13356.30±274.66a	11164.41±317.75a
		0:1	—	65357.63±631.99a	—	584.52±4.99a	—	30.08±0.76a	—	11488.92±202.67a
	X‖Y	1:0	64829.23±480.67a	—	568.68±9.06a	—	32.16±0.35c	—	11856.99±249.90b	—
		6:6	64844.23±613.54a	65348.08±579.85a	569.72±6.53a	584.16±3.32a	32.34±0.45bc	30.02±0.29a	11948.15±265.47ab	11460.61±99.02a
		4:4	64959.62±377.70a	65270.19±610.42a	570.95±18.31a	583.29±3.60a	32.67±0.37abc	29.95±0.12a	12117.39±481.19ab	11401.39±129.69a
		2:2	64987.12±377.52a	65201.31±573.35a	572.67±4.99a	582.22±3.10a	32.88±0.56ab	29.78±0.11a	12236.08±298.58ab	11305.62±100.68a
		1:1	65024.23±129.87a	65162.15±698.02a	574.22±1.64a	582.17±3.35a	33.07±0.04a	29.64±0.19a	12349.72±46.48a	11244.58±197.69a
		0:1	—	65357.63±631.99a	—	584.52±4.99a	—	30.08±0.76a	—	11488.92±202.67a
2019	Z‖Y	1:0	64846.77±1122.36a	—	560.63±8.83a	—	34.43±0.31b	—	12519.47±426.20c	—
		6:6	65153.85±886.01a	65372.63±640.47a	561.74±6.05a	584.77±4.51a	34.92±0.50ab	30.02±0.28a	12781.69±269.53bc	11513.64±263.92a
		4:4	65230.77±1111.18a	65282.63±647.79a	571.29±17.30a	582.30±24.51a	34.97±0.43ab	29.92±0.54a	13030.05±389.91bc	11436.69±504.75a
		2:2	65749.10±506.46a	65152.87±852.08a	575.01±10.02a	581.52±2.88a	35.05±0.60ab	29.46±0.40a	13248.43±273.51ab	11162.66±132.62a
		1:1	65929.23±433.76a	64975.00±488.20a	578.12±8.11a	580.77±1.64a	35.37±0.10a	29.28±0.62a	13482.22±306.00a	11047.60±258.35a
		0:1	—	65382.63±647.06a	—	585.97±2.34a	—	30.13±0.77a	—	11541.24±229.79a
	X‖Y	1:0	64944.23±578.24a	—	568.68±9.06a	—	32.45±0.38c	—	11987.78±334.82b	—
		6:6	64969.23±533.33a	65023.08±408.73a	569.72±6.53a	585.26±3.22a	32.59±0.41bc	30.12±0.51a	12063.21±218.08ab	11446.92±83.17a
		4:4	65032.12±264.60a	64970.19±535.93a	571.70±19.19a	584.54±2.90a	32.86±0.44abc	30.08±0.35a	12218.60±529.30ab	11439.46±234.31a
		2:2	65084.62±287.62a	64828.81±266.87a	572.67±4.99a	583.68±11.47a	33.07±0.33ab	30.00±021a	12326.20±208.28ab	11349.98±226.10a
		1:1	65249.23±515.96a	64812.15±113.03a	576.72±1.62a	583.14±1.80a	33.41±0.09a	29.79±0.08a	12571.52±111.03a	11258.09±36.72a
		0:1	—	65382.63±647.06a	—	585.97±2.34a	—	30.13±0.77a	—	11541.24±229.79a
显著性 Significance (F-value)
年份 Year (Y)			0.11	0.04	0.14	0.07	1.20	0.44	3.55	0.14
品种 Variety (V)			7.45**	0.01	1.59	0.14	730.07**	0.32	201.06**	0.51
间作比例 Intercropping ratio (IR)			2.74*	1.11	3.42*	0.73	25.05**	5.94**	22.12**	7.38**
Y×V			0.28	0.01	0.00	0.14	0.15	0.00	0.19	0.12
Y×IR			0.01	0.01	0.20	0.03	1.40	0.67	0.14	0.63
V×IR			1.15	0.00	1.15	0.01	0.61	0.04	1.94	0.05
Y×V×IR			0.02	0.00	0.11	0.01	0.37	0.04	0.03	0.04

表6

图4

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品种 Variety	生育期 Growing period (d)	有效积温需求 Effective accumulated temperature demand (℃)	成株叶片数 Number of leaves per plant	籽粒类型 Grain type	株高 Plant height (cm)
郑单958 ZD958	128	2750	22	半马齿型 Half-toothed horse	264.19
先玉335 XY335	127	2650	20	半硬粒型 Semi-granular type	283.15
益农玉10 YNY10	120	2500	18	半马齿型 Half-toothed horse	271.13

年份 Year	品种间作 Varieties intercropping	间作比例 Intercropping ratio	b		c		R²		S-28AT (℃·d)		S-25AT(℃·d)
年份 Year	品种间作 Varieties intercropping	间作比例 Intercropping ratio	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV	LGPV	SGPV
2018	Z‖Y	1﹕0	908.436	—	1.645	—	0.979	—	1473	—	1624	—
		6﹕6	884.358	699.780	1.605	1.719	0.978	0.970	1451	1111	1604	1220
		4﹕4	891.582	705.858	1.696	1.714	0.979	0.980	1425	1122	1566	1232
		2﹕2	826.493	708.741	1.555	1.714	0.980	0.980	1378	1130	1528	1242
		1﹕1	800.368	705.858	1.564	1.766	0.980	0.982	1331	1174	1474	1285
		0﹕1	—	696.785	—	1.723	—	0.978	—	1105	—	1213
	X‖Y	1﹕0	780.283	—	1.500	—	0.982	—	1326	—	1476	—
		6﹕6	764.376	726.850	1.483	1.792	0.978	0.977	1306	1133	1456	1239
		4﹕4	749.789	736.414	1.478	1.795	0.974	0.975	1284	1147	1431	1254
		2﹕2	748.998	741.901	1.512	1.799	0.971	0.976	1267	1154	1409	1262
		1﹕1	738.853	747.287	1.530	1.798	0.972	0.979	1242	1163	1389	1271
		0﹕1	—	696.785	—	1.723	—	0.978	—	1105	—	1213
2019	Z‖Y	1﹕0	895.804	—	1.570	—	0.982	—	1486	—	1646	—
		6﹕6	867.278	696.384	1.512	1.729	0.982	0.981	1467	1108	1632	1217
		4﹕4	827.526	705.858	1.479	1.718	0.984	0.981	1416	1127	1579	1239
		2﹕2	794.099	742.777	1.446	1.756	0.986	0.982	1376	1168	1538	1280
		1﹕1	766.208	744.015	1.442	1.770	0.984	0.984	1330	1170	1486	1283
		0﹕1	—	697.643	—	1.744	—	0.981	—	1100	—	1207
	X‖Y	1﹕0	804.717	—	1.500	—	0.983	—	1367	—	1522	—
		6﹕6	808.627	726.243	1.541	1.796	0.983	0.985	1354	1131	1503	1245
		4﹕4	764.956	728.947	1.475	1.786	0.984	0.984	1311	1138	1462	1248
		2﹕2	762.804	732.137	1.510	1.773	0.975	0.985	1291	1146	1436	1255
		1﹕1	743.331	736.571	1.496	1.770	0.976	0.987	1264	1154	1408	1264
		0﹕1	—	697.643	—	1.744	—	0.981	—	1100	—	1207

不同熟期品种间作对春玉米籽粒灌浆、脱水特性及产量的影响

Effects of Intercropping with Different Maturity Varieties on Grain Filling, Dehydration Characteristics and Yield of Spring Maize

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