棉花生长发育模型及其在我国的研究和应用进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.06.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

棉花是一种重要的经济作物,棉花优质高产高效生产对于我国具有战略意义。棉花生长发育模拟模型从棉花的内部生理过程、外部形态结构及其与生长环境的动态交互出发,实现作物生长发育和产量品质形成过程的动态描述和精确模拟,为棉田生产管理措施的优化决策提供了极大的帮助和便利。本文在综合介绍棉花生理生态过程模型、棉花形态结构模型和棉花功能-结构模型的技术原理、组成结构和功能特点的基础上,深入探讨了棉花生长发育模拟模型在国内外研究进展,对棉花生长发育模型在我国棉花生长发育和产量形成、灌溉优化、施肥决策、病虫害管理及棉花生产区域系统评估方面的应用现状进行了系统介绍。根据我国棉花生产的实际情况,结合我国农业信息化发展方向,从模型的本地化研究、尺度提升及其推广示范方面为我国棉花生长发育模拟模型研究、发展和应用提出了建议,以期进一步推动我国棉花产业的现代化发展。

关键词: 棉花, 生长发育, 模拟模型, 功能-结构, 虚拟

Abstract:

Cotton is an important commodity crop, and its high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency production have strategic significance for China. The cotton growth and development models (CGDM) simulate the dynamic interactions of physiological and structural processes with the environment, and predict the growth, yield and quality formation of cotton, to provide great assistance and convenience for the optimal decision of management practices. Based on the comprehensive introduction of technical principle, structural composition and functional characteristics of physiological model, structural model and functional-structural model of cotton, some further discussions were developed on the research and application of these models at domestic and abroad. Some further discussions were developed on the research and application of these models at domestic and abroad, particularly in the application of the CGDMs for the simulation of dynamic change of cotton growth and yield, for the optimization of irrigation, fertilization and pest management strategies, and for the regional-assessment of cotton production system in China. According to the actual situation of cotton production in China, combined with the development direction of agricultural informatization in our country, several suggestions were put forward for the research, development and application of cotton growth simulation model in terms of localization study, scale improvement and popularization demonstration, in order to further promote the modernization development of cotton industry in China.

Key words: cotton, growth and development, modelling, functional-structural, virtual

侯彤瑜,郝婷丽,王海江,张泽,吕新. 棉花生长发育模型及其在我国的研究和应用进展[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(6): 1112-1126.

TongYu HOU,TingLi HAO,HaiJiang WANG,Ze ZHANG,Xin LÜ. Advances in Cotton Growth and Development Modelling and Its Applications in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(6): 1112-1126.

图/表 3

表1

国外经典棉花生理生态过程模型要点比较"

模型要素 Model components		GOSSYM^[5]	Cotton2K^[10]	OZCOT^[6]	CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton^[8]
模型输入 Input	环境 Environment	日尺度气象数据;土壤初始水、氮含量 Daily weather data, initial soil water and nitrogen content	小时尺度气象数据;土壤初始水、氮含量 Hourly weather data, initial soil water and nitrogen content	日尺度气象数据;土壤初始水、氮含量 Daily weather data, initial soil water and nitrogen content	日尺度气象数据;土壤初始水、氮含量 Daily weather data, initial soil water and nitrogen content
	品种 Cultivar	品种遗传参数 Genetic coefficients	品种遗传参数 Genetic coefficients	品种遗传参数 Genetic coefficients	品种遗传参数 Genetic coefficients
	栽培 Management operations	播期、密度、灌溉、施肥、化调、脱叶 Planting date, plant density, irrigation, fertilizer, growth regulators and defoliation	播期、密度、滴灌、施肥、耕作、化调、脱叶 Planting date, plant density, drip irrigation, fertilizer, tillage, growth regulators and defoliation	播期、密度、灌溉、施肥、脱叶 Planting date, plant density, irrigation, fertilizer and defoliation	播期、密度、灌溉、施肥、留茬、耕作、脱叶 Planting date, plant density, irrigation, fertilizer, residue, tillage and defoliation
生育进程 Phenology		基于日平均温度和碳氮供需平衡调节生育进程 Develop based on daily thermal time and C:N ratio	基于小时尺度平均温度和碳氮供需平衡调节生育进程 Develop based on hourly thermal time and C:N ratio	基于出苗到现蕾所需积温的经验值计算现蕾时间 Based on the empirical accumulating day degrees between sowing and the appearance of the first square	基于生理日数模拟生育进程 Develop based on physiological degree days
物质积累和分配 Dry matter accumulation and allocation	光合 Photosynthesis	基于群体冠层对太阳辐射的截获效率计算潜在光合 Canopy-level radiation interception	基于群体冠层对太阳辐射的截获效率计算潜在光合 Canopy-level radiation interception	基于群体冠层对太阳辐射的截获效率计算潜在光合 Canopy-level radiation interception	将单叶小时尺度的潜在光合整合为日尺度的冠层光合 Leaf-level biochemistry
	呼吸 Respiration	基于光强、温度及生物量的经验公式 Uses an empirical function of respiration based on light, air temperature and biomass	由器官的物质构成确定生长呼吸;由光合生产量确定维持呼吸 Calculates growth and maintenance respiration and photorespiration	基于果节数量和温度调节因子的经验公式 Uses empirical functions of respiration based on fruiting site count and air temperature	由器官的物质构成确定生长呼吸;由光合生产量确定维持呼吸 Calculates growth and maintenance respiration
	分配 Partitioning	根据各类器官的需求将积累的干物质按比例分配 Allocates carbon to individual growing organs based on the organ's contribution to the total demand	根据各类器官的需求将积累的干物质按比例分配 Allocates carbon to individual growing organs based on the organ's contribution to the total demand	将积累的干物质分配给每个棉铃,以估计棉铃的生长 Allocates carbon to cohort pools for developing bolls	按照生殖器官优先原则和各器官生长需求实现干物质动态分配 Reproductive tissues have first priority, then allocates carbon to single pools for leaves, stems and roots
器官生长 Organ growth		受温度、水分、氮素及碳水化合物供应状态调控的潜在生长 Potential growth with the stresses related to air temperature, water, C, and N	受温度、水分、氮素及碳水化合物供应状态调控的潜在生长 Potential growth with the stresses related to air temperature, water, C, and N	受温度、水分、氮素及碳水化合物供应状态调控的潜在生长 Potential growth with the stresses related to air temperature, water, C, and N	受温度、水分、氮素及碳水化合物供应状态调控的潜在生长 Potential growth with the stresses related to air temperature, water, C, and N
蕾铃脱落 Shedding of buds and bolls		根据蕾铃的碳氮供应模拟生理性脱落;兼顾虫害、阴雨对蕾铃脱落的影响 Physiological shedding based on the carbon and nitrogen stress, and the other shedding based on the insects or weather stresses	根据蕾铃的碳氮供应模拟生理性脱落;兼顾虫害、阴雨对蕾铃脱落的影响 Physiological shedding based on the carbon and nitrogen stress, and the other shedding based on the insects or weather stress	根据棉铃承载力与实际载铃量的比值确定棉铃脱落状态 Shedding based on the ratio of load to carrying capacity	当干物质分配无法满足生殖器官生长需求时即发生脱落 Shedding occurs when dry matter allocation cannot meet the growth needs of reproductive organs
模型要素 Model components		GOSSYM^[5]	Cotton2K^[10]	OZCOT^[6]	CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton^[8]
水分平衡 Water Balance	土壤 Soil	2D RHIZOS模型 2D RHIZOS model	2D RHIZOS 模型 2D RHIZOS model	Ritchie水分平衡 Ritchie model	Ritchie水分平衡 Ritchie model
水分平衡 Water Balance	蒸散 ET	Ritchie水分平衡 Ritchie model	CIMIS彭曼公式 CIMIS Penman model	Ritchie水分平衡 Ritchie model	FAO-56彭曼公式 FAO-56
氮素平衡 Nitrogen Balance		2D RHIZOS模型 2D RHIZOS model	对2D RHIZOS模型土壤氮素动态平衡模块进行了优化 Optimized 2D RHIZOS model	基于氮素池实现土壤-棉花-器官间氮素动态平衡 Dynamic nitrogen pools	由土壤-棉花氮平衡模块实现土壤-棉花-器官间氮素动态平衡 Based on the soil carbon and nitrogen balance sub module
模型输出 Output		棉花产量、株式图、水分利用效率、氮肥利用效率等 Yield, plant maps, WUE, NUE	棉花产量、株式图、水分利用效率、氮肥利用效率等 Yield, plant maps, WUE, NUE	棉花产量、载铃量、水分利用效率、氮肥利用效率等 Yield, boll load, plant maps, WUE, NUE	棉花产量、生物量、载铃量、水分利用效率、氮肥利用效率等 Yield, biomass, boll load, plant maps, WUE, NUE
应用情况 Application		机理性强,输入参数多,使用前需进行参数校验,在美国植棉区已经广泛应用^[1] Mainly applied in the cotton belt of U.S.^[1]	针对干旱半干旱环境和栽培措施的优化使其在以色列^[10]、新疆^[28]等植棉区应用较多 Mainly applied in arid and semi-arid environments such as Israel^[10] and Xinjiang China^[28]	重点关注棉铃生长和脱落,对底层生理考虑较少,受澳大利亚官方支持应用广泛^[2] Mainly applied in Australia ^[2]	模块化组织提升了开发应用便捷性,目前在美国东南植棉区应用较多^[2,32] Mainly appliied in in the southeastern U.S. ^[2,32]

表1

图1

图2

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